Spring maize in the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains is high-yielding and nutrient-demanding, especially for nitrogen. Proper split nitrogen application at key growth stages enhances leaf growth, biomass, and productivity while improving nitrogen use efficiency. A field experiment was conducted during spring seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Regional Research Station, Uchani, Karnal of CCS Haryana Agricultural University. The treatments consisted of four nitrogen doses (N1-150, N2-165, N3-180, N4-195 kg ha-1) and four different time of nitrogen application viz., S1- 50% + 25% + 25% (sowing + 8 leafed stage + tassel initiation stage), S2- 25% + 25% + 25% + 25% (sowing + 4 leafed stage + 8 leafed stage + silking), S3- 20% + 30% + 40% + 10% (sowing + 6 leafed stage + flowering + grain formation) and S4- 20% + 30% + 40% + 10% (2 leafed stage + 6 leafed stage + tassel initiation stage+ grain formation) allocated in main and sub plots, respectively. The results revealed that maximum days to four (24.75 and 25.83 days) and eight leafed stage (50.55 and 51.84 days) were recorded with N1, whereas higher nitrogen doses (N3 and N4) recorded minimum days. Among times of nitrogen application, the crop took maximum number of days to four (25.00 and 26.08 days) and eight leafed stage (48.98 and 50.92 days) under S4 which was at par with S3 but significantly more than S1 and S2. Higher dose of nitrogen (N4) significantly increased days to flowering (68.30 and 70.68 days), silking (73.46 and 74.45 days), grain formation (81.56 and 83.89 days) and maturity (109.89 and 113.08 days), remain at par with N3. Treatment of S3 was recorded maximum duration for these stages which was at par with S4. Growth parameters were also influenced by nitrogen doses. The highest number of leaves plant-1 (14.08 and 13.87), leaf area (5809.18 and 5316.92 cm2 plant-1) and LAI (4.84 and 4.43) were observed under N4 and it was statistically similar with N3. The treatment of S2 recorded higher leaf area (6042.9 and 5394.61 cm2 plant-1) and LAI (5.04 and 4.50) which was at par with S1.

Background Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease causing significant reproductive losses in livestock and posing a public health risk. The present study was conducted to assess the utility of serological and molecular diagnostic approaches for confirmation of brucellosis in an organized dairy farm setting and to generate evidence useful for disease surveillance and control strategies. Materials and Methods A total of 44 abortion cases (24 cattle and 20 buffaloes) were investigated between January 2023 and January 2024. Blood samples, placental tissues, and fetal stomach contents were collected and examined using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), competitive ELISA (c-ELISA), and PCR targeting the eryC gene of B. abortus. Representative PCR-positive amplicons were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results RBPT detected antibodies in 30/44 (68.18%) abortion cases, including 16/24 (66.67%; 95% CI: 44.7–84.4) cattle and 14/20 (70.0%; 95% CI: 45.7–88.1) buffaloes. Of the RBPT-positive samples, 29/30 (96.67%) were positive by c-ELISA. PCR confirmed B. abortus DNA in 20/30 (66.67%) cattle: 62.5%; 95% CI: 35.4–84.8 and buffalo: 71.4%; 95% CI: 41.9–91.6 seropositive samples. Sequence analysis of representative PCR products showed high similarity to previously reported B. abortus sequences, and the generated sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers PP373703, PP373704, and PP373705. Conclusions The study provides serological and molecular evidence of Brucella abortus associated with bovine abortion cases in an organized dairy farm. The findings highlight the usefulness of integrating serological and molecular diagnostic approaches for confirmation of infection and underscore the need for continued surveillance and control measures to reduce the impact of bovine brucellosis.

Methamphetamine (MA) use is a recognized risk factor for drug-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), yet mechanisms driving methamphetamine-associated PAH (MA-PAH) remain unclear due to the lack of reproducible animal models demonstrating hemodynamic changes. This study aimed to develop a rat model of MA-PAH that reflects human patterns of MA abuse. Male Wistar rats received methamphetamine (MA, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 8 weeks using either a chronic daily regimen or a binge-and-crash regimen. Chronic MA administration resulted in a significant reduction in mean arterial pressure and an increase in RV systolic pressure, while ejection fraction and the Fulton index remained unchanged. In contrast, binge-crash MA exposure led to significant RV dilation, reduced RV ejection fraction, elevated RV systolic pressure, and increased RV hypertrophy. Both regimens induced pulmonary arterial medial thickening driven by smooth muscle hyperplasia; however, the binge-and-crash model exhibited more severe remodeling, including enhanced distal muscularization, sporadic endothelial proliferation, and vascular rarefaction. HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in plasma and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells isolated from binge-crash MA rats. In vitro, MA treatment induced HMGB1 release from endothelial cells through sigma-1 receptor signaling. Conditioned media from MA-treated endothelial cells stimulated smooth muscle cell proliferation, an effect abolished by HMGB1 neutralization. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that binge-and-crash MA exposure produces a robust and clinically relevant PAH phenotype and identify HMGB1 as a potential mechanistic contributor linking MA exposure patterns to endothelial-smooth muscle interactions in PAH pathogenesis.

Background: Green gram is attacked by various fungal diseases out of which anthracnose incited by Colletotrichum truncatum is predominant in Arid Ecosystem of Rajasthan, India. Occurrence and development of anthracnose disease is significantly affected by epidemiological conditions during the cropping period. Methods: Epidemiological data collected from ARS, SKRAU, Bikaner for two consecutive years (2023 and 2024) from which disease predictive model was developed for susceptible varieties through stepwise multiple regression. Result: The results revealed that Tmax, morning and evening relative humidity were statistically significant. Whereas, the Tmin and rainfall (RF) were statistically non-significant. Weather parameters showed significantly correlated with PDI were used to develop suitable anthracnose disease prediction model for susceptible varieties (on pooled basis) of green gram.

BACKGROUND:In this study, we define the mechanistic association between long noncoding RNA: ENST00000495536 (lnc-536) and transcription factor HOXB13 (homeobox B13) in mediating proproliferative smooth muscle phenotype associated with pulmonary hypertension. METHODS:In vitro knockdown or knockin, along with RNA pull-down and immunoprecipitation studies, were used to evaluate the role of lnc-536 and HOXB13 in regulating pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMCs) phenotype. The in vivo role was determined by injecting lnc-536 antisense oligos in pulmonary hypertensive rats. RESULTS:Increased levels of lnc-536 promote the proliferative phenotype of PASMCs by downregulating the expression of the tumor suppressor: HOXB13. Knockdown of lnc-536 and overexpression of HOXB13 in proliferative PASMCs resulted in increased expression of VGLL4 (vestigial-like family member 4), a negative regulator of Hippo and Wnt (Wingless-related integration site) signaling pathways, with a corresponding decrease in TEAD4 (TEA domain family member 1) expression. The lnc-536 pull-down assay and RNA-immunoprecipitation demonstrated the interactions of lnc-536 with RBP (RNA-binding protein): RBM25 (RNA-binding motif 25) and direct interactions of RBM25 with SFPQ (splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich), a transcriptional regulator that has a binding motif on HOXB13. The knockdown of RBM25 in the hyperproliferative PASMCs resulted in increased interactions of SFPQ and HOXB13 mRNA while attenuating PASMC proliferation. Furthermore, the increased levels of lnc-536 and decreased levels of HOXB13 were observed in PASMCs from idiopathic pulmonary hypertension patients but not in cells from familial pulmonary hypertension patients. We confirmed that lnc-536 contributes to the RBM25-mediated remodeling of the SFPQ-HOXB13 complex in the idiopathic PAH-PASMCs as well. Finally, in vivo inhibition of lnc-536 using GapmeRs (Gapmer antisense oligonucleotides) in Sugen-hypoxia and HIV-transgenic pulmonary hypertension rats prevented the increase in right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy/fibrosis, and pulmonary vascular remodeling with a parallel increase in HOXB13 expression in rat PASMCs. CONCLUSIONS:Lnc-536 acts as a decoy for RBM25, which in turn sequesters SFPQ, leading to a decrease in HOXB13 expression and hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells by potentially regulating Wnt and Hippo signaling associated with PAH development.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of nursing care quality is integral in assessing healthcare quality. The constantly evolving healthcare landscape directly impacts the working conditions, workload, and overall quality of work life (QWL) for nurses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A quantitative exploratory survey was conducted in two phases among nurses working at government and private hospitals with the aim of identifying QWL and priority improvement areas. In phase I, the QWL was assessed by Brook’s quality of nursing work life (QNWL) survey tool among 81 and 73 nurses working at government and private hospitals, respectively. Phase II had focus group discussion (FGD) among nurses with moderate and high QWL to obtain priority improvement areas from both sectors. RESULTS: The results revealed that the mean and standard deviation (±SD) of QWL scores in government 172 (±26.81) and private 178 (±30.76) hospital nurses with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.181). Priority improvement areas identified were improving the societal image on nursing, addressing communication gap, positive punishment policy, training programs, and other supportive healthcare assistants among government hospitals nurses and the need for salary increase, necessity to improve the image of nurses in society, requirement for training programs, and higher studies among private hospital nurses. CONCLUSION: The majority of nurses in both government and private hospitals reported moderate to high levels of Quality of Life (QOL), yet expressed a desire for an enhanced public perception of nursing. By fostering improved communication, involving nurses in decision-making processes, and providing clear role definitions, we can elevate job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance, ultimately leading to decent work, economic growth, and reduced turnover rates.

Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women, is characterized by cell cycle dysregulation and chromosome segregation errors, leading to mitotic catastrophe and genomic instability. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for better diagnosis and treatment. We used databases like TIMER 2.0, UALCAN, and Oncomine to determine the differential expression of Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 (BUB1) in normal and pan-cancer tissues. we also used the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database to analyze gene expression associations with survival outcomes, bc-GenExMiner v5.0 to analyze BUB1 gene expression and histological subtypes, and ctcRbase and miR-TV to identify microRNAs associated with BUB1 expression in breast cancer. Our data show that BUB1 expression is overexpressed in breast cancer tumors, metastatic tissues, and circulating tumor cells, leading to shorter overall survival, disease-free survival, and relapse-free survival compared to low-expression patients. BUB1 expression is strongly correlated with E2F1/E2F8 expression, suggesting a potential regulatory relationship between these genes. The study revealed a negative correlation between target miRNA miR-495-3p and BUB1 expression in breast cancer tumors, indicating a potential regulatory relationship between these genes. The BUB1 expression was also strongly correlated with the infiltration of CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) subtypes in the tumors, suggesting a need for further research.

The present study aimed to optimize a solvent selection and extraction method selection process for extraction of a few traditional medicinal plants.The ability of the medicinal plant extracts to inhibit lipid peroxidation process had also been investigated in this study.Based upon previous studies and traditional literature review, five traditional medicinal plants have been selected for extraction and further study.These five traditional plants included Paederia foetida, Alternanthera sessilis, Prunella vulgaris, Solidago virga-aurea Linn., and Rumex acetosella.Pilot level extraction has been performed with several solvents based on polarity and phytochemical screening has been performed to select the best suitable solvent for extraction for each plant.Similarly, three methods of extraction viz.cold maceration, Soxhlet extraction and microwave assisted extraction methods have been used for extraction purpose.For each plant optimized the best extraction method based upon phytochemical screening.Hereafter, with a suitable solvent and a best extraction method as optimized, extraction of the five medicinal plants has been done and subjected to lipid peroxidation inhibition assay in three in vitro models namely, egg yolk homogenate, rat liver homogenate and rat brain homogenate models.The findings of the study demonstrated optimization of the selection of solvent as well as extraction method and further exhibited significant lipid peroxidation inhibition by all the studied extract.However, Paederia foetida, in particular, was found to possess the highest and consistent level of LPO inhibition, showing it has strong antioxidant properties.

Does nursing directed education have any impact on severity of symptoms and quality of life among BPH patients? This study aims to develop a nurse-directed education program, to assess and compare the effectiveness of the program on symptoms-severity and quality of life among BPH patients. BPH, one of the most common causes of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in elderly men, is caused by a combination of prostate proliferation and lower urinary tract obstruction. A cross-sectional study conducted by Divmehar Kaur et al. 2020 at Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab concluded that BPH patients' quality of life is negatively affected by LUTS associated with BPH (p = 0.001). Also, a field study conducted by ozcan et al. in Turkey concluded that subjects' BPH-QLS ratings varied statistically significantly (p 0.05) depending on the age, educational attainment, the occurrence of micturition issues, and whether they had ever applied to a medical facility. Then another descriptive study, correlational-type carried by Pinto et al. in 2014 in Singapore found that patients with BPH had a poor health-related quality of life and suffered significantly from their psychological wellbeing. And a RCT conducted in Korea by Jung et al. in 2011 with the aim of examining the benefits of tai chi on patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy's (BPH's) lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) and quality of life (QoL) found that tai chi group's change in overall QoL score was more notable (t = 3.06; p = 0.005) and it demonstrated significant improvements. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among the BPH patients visiting the Urology OPD of AIIMS Jodhpur. Data were collected from 10 BPH patients (5 in each group) using a purposive sampling technique from those over 40 years diagnosed with BPH for the last 6 months after taking informed consent, excluding those being advised for surgery. Self-structured sociodemographic and clinical variables tool, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) were administered. Statistical analysis was performed by employing the SPSS version 23. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. It was seen that there was a significant difference (p-value < 0.05) concerning the IPSS-QOL Index (p-value = 0.008) of symptoms-severity (IPSS) and PCS-12 (p-value = 0.009) of quality of life scale (SF-12) between control and experimental groups after 4th-week post-intervention (nurse-directed education program). Findings from this study will help reinforce designing a cost-effective care delivery system in the care of BPH patients. This program is a novel approach to improving preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services to BPH patients in India.

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis face issues like poor quality of sleep and reduced physical activity, which can impair their quality of life. This study aimed to assess the physical activity and quality of sleep among CKD patients on hemodialysis. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur. Data from 66 participants selected consecutively using self-reported standardized tools, namely, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), were collected, along with sociodemographic variables. After receiving written informed consent, questionnaires were administered through face-to-face interviews. Results:The majority of the individuals, 45 (68.2%), were found to be physically active with a mean score of 2280.8 metabolic equivalents (MET)-min/week. The average PSQI score was 9.24 ± 4, and 49 (74.2%) participants had a PSQI score as higher than 5, suggesting poor quality of sleep. Physical activity and quality of sleep were found to have a significant relationship (P = 0.03). Physical activity was found to have a significant relationship with age (P = 0.01), whereas quality of sleep was associated with smoking status (P = 0.04), alcohol consumption (P < 0.01), and body mass index (BMI; P = 0.03). Conclusion:Contrary to many studies where CKD patients on hemodialysis were found to be physically inactive, the present study showed a substantial portion of them to be physically active. Poor quality of sleep was common; hence, interventions to promote sleep quality recommended.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to translate the Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale (BOSAS) into Chinese and validate its reliability and validity among Chinese emergency department and ICU nurses.MethodsThe scale was translated into Chinese using Brislin’s translation principle. A total of 626 nurses from Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Fujian provinces in China participated in an online questionnaire survey. The survey included the general information questionnaire for nurses developed by the research team and the Chinese version of the Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the scale were analyzed using SPSS.25 and AMOS.24 software.ResultsThe Chinese version of the Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale consists of a total of 20 items, encompassing two dimensions: personal burnout and job burnout. This structure is consistent with the original English version of the scale. The Chinese version of BOSAS demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.941. Additionally, the scale exhibited good split-half reliability (0.765) and test-retest reliability (0.871). The content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.971, indicating strong content validity. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the same 2-factor structure as the original scale, and confirmatory factor analysis further validated this structure, with all fit indices indicating appropriateness.ConclusionThe Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale has been successfully introduced and its reliability and validity have been verified in Chinese emergency department and ICU nurses.

OBJECTIVE:Hyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is one of the essential features of the maladaptive inward remodeling of the pulmonary arteries in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this study, we define the mechanistic association between long-noncoding RNA: ENST00000495536 (Lnc-536) and anti-proliferative HOXB13 in mediating smooth muscle hyperplasia. METHODS:Antisense oligonucleotide-based GapmeRs or plasmid overexpressing lnc-536 were used to evaluate the role of lnc-536 in mediating hyperproliferation of PDGF-treated or idiopathic PAH (IPAH) PASMCs. Further, we pulled down lnc536 to identify the proteins directly interacting with lnc536. The in-vivo role of lnc-536 was determined in Sugen-hypoxia and HIV-transgenic pulmonary hypertensive rats. RESULTS:Increased levels of lnc-536 in PDGF-treated or IPAH PASMCs promote hyperproliferative phenotype by downregulating the HOXB13 expression. Knockdown of lnc-536 in-vivo prevented increased RVSP, Fulton Index, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in Sugen-Hypoxia rats. The lncRNA-536 pull-down assay demonstrated the interactions of RNA binding protein: RBM25 with SFPQ, a transcriptional regulator that has a binding motif on HOXB13 exon Further, The RNA-IP experiment using the SFPQ antibody showed direct interaction of RBM25 with SFPQ and knockdown of RBM25 resulted in increased interactions of SFPQ and HOXB13 mRNA while attenuating PASMC proliferation. Finally, we examined the role of lnc-536 and HOXB13 axis in the PASMCs exposed to the dual hit of HIV and a stimulant: cocaine as well. CONCLUSION:lnc-536 acts as a decoy for RBM25, which in turn sequesters SFPQ, leading to the decrease in HOXB13 expression and hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells associated with PAH development.

Seed pelleting involves encasing seeds in inert material using carefully chosen powder and liquid. This method facilitates enhancing seed placement, sowing, germination, and shields plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context of Indian agriculture, pulse production faces significant challenges due to low production and productivity. Therefore, seed pelleting holds immense promise in addressing these limitations. This study underscores the significance of seed pelleting concerning growth, yield, and quality parameters. The findings concluded that seeds treated with pelleting exhibited superior growth attributes, such as increased plant height, branch numbers, and higher dry matter production. Additionally, seeds pelleted with rhizobium displayed elevated levels of chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’, and total chlorophyll content. Furthermore, rhizobium-treated pelleted seeds demonstrated the highest yield compared to other treatments and the control group.

. Accurate solar observation plays a vital role in space weather prediction. Aditya-L1, ISRO's first solar observatory mission, carried a Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) instrument. This instrument provides observations very close to the solar limb with internal occultation. We provide design and development details of detector electronics for continuum, two spectroscopic channels and one spectro-polarimetry channel of the VELC instrument. The developed hardware with imaging detectors (sCMOS in visible and InGaAs in near-infrared spectral region) has very high sensitivity (noise equivalent signal = 0.2 photon/s/pixel). The instrument has onboard intelligence for detection of coronal mass ejection events. Photon-noise-limited detector electronics are developed and qualified for all four channels. Dark noise of approximate to 1.2e- with dark signal approximate to 0.035e-/p/s was achieved. Detector electronics cater to very high input dynamic range >120dB. Stringent contamination control protocols were evolved and implemented during all stages of development. The uniqueness of the VELC instrument is that it makes observations very close to the solar limb (1.05 R) as well as magnetic field measurements and has simultaneous spectroscopic and imaging capability.

ABSTRACTSARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of COVID‐19 disease, has resulted in the death of millions worldwide since the beginning of the pandemic in December 2019. While much progress has been made to understand acute manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, less is known about post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC). We investigated the levels of both Spike protein (Spike) and viral RNA circulating in patients hospitalized with acute COVID‐19 and in patients with and without PASC. We found that Spike and viral RNA were more likely to be present in patients with PASC. Among these patients, 30% were positive for both Spike and viral RNA; whereas, none of the individuals without PASC were positive for both. The levels of Spike and/or viral RNA in the PASC+ve patients were found to be increased or remained the same as in the acute phase; whereas, in the PASC−ve group, these viral components decreased or were totally absent. Additionally, this is the first report to show that part of the circulating Spike is linked to extracellular vesicles without any presence of viral RNA in these vesicles. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Spike and/or viral RNA fragments persist in the recovered COVID‐19 patients with PASC up to 1 year or longer after acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

Background: The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance via dysregulated signaling pathways. Toward this, an inflammatory chemokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8), is overexpressed in various cancers and is involved in tumor progression and chemoresistance. However, the mechanistic role of IL-8 in mediating metastasis and chemoresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not known.Methods and results: In the present study, we evaluated the effect of IL-8 in regulating metastasis as well as chemoresistance in OSCC cell lines. For this, IL-8 was blocked exogenously using neutralizing IL-8 monoclonal antibody and IL-8 levels were enhanced by exogenous supply of recombinant human IL-8 (rhIL-8) to OSCC cells. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated using qPCR, migration by scratch/wound healing assay and invasion ability using transwell assay. rIL-8 induced chemoresistance was studied by apoptosis assay and the nuclear localization of NFxB using immunocytochemistry. IL-8 was significantly overexpressed in OSCC patients and cell lines. While exogenous blockade of IL-8 significantly reduced EMT, migration and invasion potential in OSCC cells, IL-8 overexpression upregulated these cellular traits thereby confirming the role of IL-8 in OSCC metastasis. Exogenous blockade of IL-8 also reversed chemoresistance in cisplatin resistant OSCC subline via NFxB signaling.Conclusion: IL-8 plays a crucial role in OSCC metastasis and its targeted blockade can help in management of cisplatin resistance.

Campylobacteriosis is among the most frequently reported foodborne zoonoses. A total of 848 samples were screened for Campylobacter spp. and occurrence was found to be 8.7%, 2.3% and 1.65% in broiler cecum samples, chicken meat samples and slaughter house environment swabs, respectively. High level of antimicrobial resistance was found against tetracycline (64.1%), doxycycline (54.4%), ampicillin (46.6%), nalidixic acid (42.7%), kanamycin (35.9%), and ciprofloxacin (33.33%). Resistance to co-amoxiclav (19.4%) and erythromycin (21.4%) was less common. The MAR index of the isolates was in the range of 0.11-0.78. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 54.4% of the isolates, with 53.2% C. jejuni and 55.3% C. coli isolates found resistant against three or more classes of antimicrobials. Presence of mutations in gyrA and 23S rRNA genes was investigated, which revealed that all the fluoroquinolone resistant isolates possessed Thr-86-Ile point mutation, whereas only 68% of erythromycin resistant isolates had A2075G mutation. The tetO gene was present in 91.7% tetracycline resistant isolates and blaOXA-61 gene was detected in 97.9% of the ampicillin resistant isolates. The occurrence of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter spp. in broiler chicken samples and slaughter house settings is a public health risk and calls for judicial use of antimicrobials.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether glucose transporter-1/3 (GLUT1/3) increased expression could contribute to oral tumor severity. Furthermore, this study detected whether GLUT1/3 mRNA/protein was associated with oncogenic transcription factors (HIF1 alpha, AP1 and NF kappa B) and whether by blocking GLUT1 along with cisplatin could sensitize drug-resistant OSCC cells.Design: We used 120 post-operated human tissue samples, including 35 primary tumors (PT), 43 invasive tumors (N1-3), 17 recurrent chemoradiation-resistant tumors (RCRT), and 25 PT-adjacent normal tissues (AN). The cisplatin-resistant (CisR-SCC4/9) cells were generated using a drug escalation strategy from parental SCC4/9 cells. The BAY-876 treatment blocked GLUT1 in OSCC cells. Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect various proteins and mRNA. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay.Results: GLUT1/3 expression was observed more in PT over AN tissue (PT > AN), N1-3 > PT, and .RCRT > PT. GLUT1 expression was maximum in the RCRT group and CisR-SCC4/9 cells over their parental counterpart, linked with tumor size (p=0.0037) and loco-regional invasiveness (p=0.0422). GLUT1/3 mRNA/protein was correlated (positively) with oncogenic transcription factors (TFs) like HIF1 alpha, AP1 and NF kappa B. We found the degree of positive correlation of these TFs with GLUT1/3 was in the order c-Jun > HIF1 alpha > Fra-2 > NF kappa B >c-Fos. Treatment of BAY-876 and cisplatin-induced cell death in both CisR-SCC4/9 cells, possibly by triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusion: Collectively, our results demonstrated increased GLUT1/3 overexpression linked with oral tumor severity like invasion and therapy resistance, and it was powered mainly by c-Jun (AP1). Blocking GLUT1 re-ceptors and cisplatin application can sensitize CisR-OSCC cells.