In the present work, the experimental cross sections for production of the L X-rays in Au and Bi by impact of 30 MeV to 75 MeV B ions have been presented. The B ion energies were varied in small steps in order to examine the energy dependence of the cross sections and the influence of multiple ionization on these cross sections. The experimental cross sections have been compared with the calculated ones obtained using the boron ion-induced Lp (p = 1-3) sub-shell ionization cross sections based on the PWBA and the ECPSSR models, X-ray emission rates based on the Dirac-Fock model, fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields based on the Dirac-Hartree-Slater model. The significant differences observed between the measured and calculated values can be ascribed to multiple ionization effects caused by the incident boron ions in the target elements.

The M X-ray production cross sections (M XRP) for Yb induced by 1.75 MeV and 1.5 MeV nitrogen ions have been measured in the present work. The thickness of targets has been measured by RBS method at Inter University Accelerator Center (IUAC), New Delhi, India. To check the reliability of theoretical models, experimental values are compared with theoretical M XRP cross sections calculated using nitrogen-induced ionization cross sections based on the ECUSAR and ECPSSR model, X-ray emission rates based on Dirac-Hartree-Slater (DHS) model, fluorescence yields, and Coster-Kronig (CK) transition probabilities based on DHS model.

The intensity ratios, (exp)(k=ξ, γ, m1; n=total, αβ), for some heavy elements, 70Yb, 79Au, 81Tl, 82Pb and 83Bi induced by 1000 keV –1750 keV Nq+ (q=4, 5) ions have been measured in order to investigate their dependence on the projectile energy and atomic number of the respective target elements. The measured intensity ratios have been compared with two sets of values calculated using the Mj (j=1–5) sub-shell ionization cross sections based on the ECPSSR-UA model, the X-ray emission rates based on the Dirac-Hartree Slater (DHS) model, two sets of the fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields based on the DHS model and those evaluated by McGuire employing non-relativistic Hartree-Slater model. Significant differences have been observed between the present measured (exp) (k = ξ, γ, m1) intensity ratios and those calculated using independent particle approximation (IPA) models based single atomic vacancy state physical parameters.

Within the TANGRA project framework, a new experimental setup has been constructed for the measurement of reaction cross sections (n, X, γ) in the interaction of 14.1 MeV neutrons with nuclei. The facility has a special feature: the use of the tagged neutron method. This method enables efficient separation of background and useful events, as well as accurate tracking of neutron flux. Test measurements were performed on 28Si, 12C, and 16O nuclei, and the results showed satisfactory agreement with available experimental data. This paper presents the features of the setup design and the methodology for processing the obtained experimental data

In the present work, the intensity ratios, I-Mk/I-Mn (exp) (k = xi, beta, gamma, m(1); n = alpha beta, alpha), for Yb-70, Pb-82 and( 83)Bi induced by the Cq+ (q = 4, 5) ions having energies in the range 800-1500 keV have been measured. These intensity ratios have been compared with those calculated using the ECPSSR model based carbon ion induced M-j (j = 1-5) sub-shell ionization cross sections, the X-ray emission rates based on the Dirac-Fock (DF) model, two sets of the fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields based on the non-relativistic Hermann-Skillman potential calculations and those based on the relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Slater model. Significant differences observed between the present measured and calculated ratios could be due to multiple-ionization induced in the investigated elements by the incident carbon ions.

M X-ray yields of thin targets of 79Au and 83Bi in collisions with 50–300 keV protons have been measured. The production cross sections of Mζ[(M5–N3) + (M4–N2)], Mαβ[(M5–N6,7) + (M5–O3) + (M4–N6) + (M4–O2,3) + (M3–N2)], Mγ[(M3–N4,5) + (M2–N1)], Mm1[(M3–O1,4,5) + (M2–N4) + (M1–N2,3)] transitions and the total X-ray production cross-section are determined and compared to other available experimental values and also to those obtained from predictions of the PWBA and the ECPSSR models. The intensity ratios of the transitions are compared with the values calculated from the ECPSSR model. All existing experimental to theoretical ratios of the cross-sections as plotted as a function of the reduced velocity show a universal behaviour.

The cross sections for production of M-k (k = M xi, M alpha beta, M gamma, Mm(1)) X-rays of Yb-70, Tl-81 and Pb-82 induced by 50-250 keV protons have been measured in the present work. The experimental cross sections have been compared with the earlier reported values and those calculated using the ionization cross sections based on the ECPSSR (Perturbed (P) stationary(S) state(S), incident ion energy (E) loss, Coulomb (C) deflection and relativistic (R) correction) model, the X-ray emission rates based on the Dirac-Fock model, the fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields based on the Dirac-Hartree-Slater (DHS) model. In addition, the present measured proton induced X-ray production cross sections have also been compared with those calculated using the Dirac-HartreeSlater (DHS) model based ionization cross sections and those based on the Plane wave Born Approximation (PWBA). The measured M X-ray production cross sections are, in general, found to be higher than the ECPSSR and DHS model based values and lower than the PWBA model based cross sections.

The cross sections for production of the Mk (k=ξ, αβ, γ, m1) X-rays of 79Au, 82Pb and 83Bi induced by the 100keV/u proton, C4+, N5+ and O6+ ions have been measured in the present work. The experimental cross sections have been compared with the earlier reported values and those calculated using the ionization cross sections based on the ECPSSR model, the X-ray emission rates based on the Dirac-Fock model, the fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields based on the Dirac-Hartree-Slater model. In addition, the present measured proton induced X-ray production cross sections have also been compared with those calculated using the Dirac-Hartree-Slater model based ionization cross sections. The intensity ratios among the Mk X-rays have been deduced and compared with the theoretical values. The present measured Mk (k=ξ, αβ, γ, m1) X-ray production cross sections are found to be very high as compared to the theoretical values. The total M X-ray production cross sections for the targets under investigation exhibited Zp2 dependence; Zp denotes the projectile atomic number.

Samples of Zircaloy 2 have been irradiated with 4 MeV protons to two different doses. Microstructures of the unirradiated and irradiated samples have been characterized by Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction line profile analysis (XRDLPA), Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) and Coincident Doppler Broadening (CDB) Spectroscopy. Tensile tests and micro hardness measurements have been carried out at room temperature to assess the changes in mechanical properties of Zircaloy 2 due to proton irradiation. The correlation of dislocation density, grain size and yield stress of the irradiated samples indicated that an increase in dislocation density due to irradiation is responsible for the change in mechanical behavior of irradiated Zircaloy. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Angular- and impact energy-dependence of L x-rays of bismuth in collisions with silicon ions has been measured. Unlike isotropic emission of the L-alpha-group and the L-beta-group x-rays, the L-l x-ray yield was observed to have impact energy dependent anisotropy emission. The anisotropy parameter for the L-l x-ray line was obtained by using the intensity ratio of the L-l-to-other L x-rays in the same spectrum. The alignment parameter of the L-3 subshell was deduced from the measured anisotropy parameter of the L-l x-ray and has been compared with those obtained from the collisional theoretical models based on the plane-wave Born approximation and its extension.

The ion-irradiation induced synthesis of embedded Au nanoparticles (NPs) into glass from islands of Au on a glass substrate is studied in the context of recoiling atoms, sputtering and viscous flow. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the formation of Au NPs embedded in the glass substrates by the 50 keV Si(-) ion irradiation of irregularly shaped Au nanostructures on the glass surfaces at a fluence of 3 × 10(16) ions/cm(2). The depth profiles of Au in the samples were obtained from high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry studies. The results from TRIDYN simulation reveal the role of various ion-induced processes during the synthesis of the embedded Au NPs, viz. sputtering and recoiling atoms. Simulation and experimental results suggest that the viscous flow is one of the major factors that are responsible for the embedding of Au nanoparticles into the glass substrate.

We have measured the absolute double-differential cross sections (DDCSs) for electron emission in ionization of O-2 molecules under the impact of 3.5-MeV/u C6+ ions. The data were collected between 10 and 600 eV, in an angular range of 30 degrees. to 150 degrees. The single-differential cross sections (SDCSs) in emission angle and electron energy are deduced from the electron DDCS spectra. Also, the total cross section has been obtained from the SDCS spectra. The DDCS spectra as well as the SDCS spectra are compared with continuum distorted-wave eikonal initial-state calculations which employ molecular wave functions built as linear combinations of atomic orbitals. The DDCS ratio i.e. sigma(O2)/2 sigma(O), derived by dividing the experimental DDCS for molecular oxygen with the theoretical DDCS for atomic oxygen, does not show any primary or secondary oscillations arising from Young-type interference, which is apparently in contrast to what has been observed earlier for H-2 and in agreement with the model calculation. Similarly, the forward-backward angular asymmetry increases monotonically with the velocity of the emitted electrons. However, the results on the DDCSs, SDCSs, the asymmetry parameter, and the nonexistence of oscillations are in qualitative agreement with the predictions of the model used.

Fast highly charged C and O ion-induced total ionization of an RNA base molecule, uracil (C4H4N2O2, m = 112 amu), has been investigated in a wide energy range of keV to MeV. A combined study of the collision products using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and an electron spectrometer allows one to determine absolute total ionization cross sections (TCSs). Experimental measurements of TCSs are compared to theoretical predictions performed in the classical trajectory Monte Carlo and classical over-barrier (CTMC-COB) and quantum mechanical (Continuum Distorted Wave with Eikonal Initial State and first-order Born with correct boundary condition) frameworks. The overall energy dependence of the TCSs is approximately reproduced by the models, especially well in the high energy range. The CTMC-COB model provides an excellent agreement for the high-energy data. The projectile charge-state q dependence of TCSs deviates from the well-known quadratic behavior in ion-atom collisions.

The L x-ray intensities of Au-79, Pb-82 and Bi-83 have been measured in collisions with 18-60 MeV fluorine ions in an angular range 20 degrees-75 degrees. The L-l x-ray intensity, normalized to the intensity of other L x-ray lines in the same spectrum, shows an anisotropic emission pattern and the degree of anisotropy depends on the impact energy of the projectile. The alignment parameter values for the L-3 subshell, deduced from the measured anisotropy parameter for the L-l line, have been compared with the theoretical ones.