Spallation reaction for the long-lived fission product 107 Pd has been studied for the purpose of nuclear waste transmutation. The isotopic-distribution cross sections on both proton and deuteron were obtained at 118 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. A large cross-section difference was found between the proton and deuteron results for the light-mass products. The data were compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and the PHITS calculations including both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes. In addition, the potential of spallation reaction for transmutation of 107 Pd is discussed.

Coulomb breakup reactions of Zr have been studied in inverse kinematics at incident beam energies of about 200 MeV/nucleon in order to evaluate neutron capture reaction methods. The Zr(n,)Zr reaction is particularly important as a candidate nuclear transmutation reaction for the long-lived fission product Zr in nuclear power plants. One- and two-neutron removal cross sections on Pb and C targets were measured to deduce the inclusive Coulomb breakup cross sections, 375 29 (stat.) 30 (syst.) and 403 26 (stat.) 31 (syst.) mb for Zr and Zr, respectively. The results are compared with estimates using the standard Lorentzian model and microscopic calculations. The results reveal a possible contribution of the pygmy dipole resonance or giant quadrupole resonance in the Coulomb breakup reactions of Zr.

Isotope-production cross sections for p-, d-, and C-induced spallation reactions on Nb-93 at 113 MeV/nucleon were measured using the inverse-kinematics method employing secondary targets of CH2, CD2, and C. The measured cross sections for Mo-90, Nb-90, (86)'Y-88 produced by p-induced reactions were found to be consistent with those measured by the conventional activation method. We performed benchmark tests of the reaction models INCL-4.6, JQMD, and JQMD-2.0 implemented in the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) and of the nuclear data libraries JENDL-4.0/HE, TENDL-2017, and ENDF/B-VIII.O. The model calculations also showed generally good agreement with the measured isotope-production cross sections for p-, d-, and C-induced reactions. It also turns out that, among the three nuclear data libraries, JENDL-4.0/HE provides the best agreement with the measured data for the p-induced reactions. We compared the present Nb-93 data with the Zr-93 data, that were measured previously by the same inverse kinematics method (Kawase et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2017, 093D03 (2017)), with particular attention to the effect of neutron-shell closure on isotope production in p- and d-induced spallation reactions. The isotopic distributions of the measured production cross sections in the Zr-93 data showed noticeable jumps at neutron number N = 50 in the isotopic chains of Delta Z = 0 and -1, whereas no such jump appeared in isotopic chain of Delta Z = 0 in the Nb-93 data. From INCL-4.6 + GEM calculations, we found that the jump formed in the evaporation process is smeared out by the intranuclear cascade component in 91 Nb produced by the Nb-93(p, p2n) and (d, d2n) reactions on Nb-93. Moreover, for Nb-93, the distribution of the element-production cross sections as a function of the change in proton number Delta Z is shifted to smaller Delta Z than for( 93)Zr, because the excited Nb prefragments generated by the cascade process are more likely to emit protons than the excited Zr prefragments, due to the smaller proton-separation energies of the Nb isotopes.

Spallation reactions for the long-lived fission products 137Cs, 90Sr and 107Pd have been studied for the purpose of nuclear waste transmutation. The cross sections on the proton- and deuteron-induced spallation were obtained in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Both the target and energy dependences of cross sections have been investigated systematically. and the cross-section differences between the proton and deuteron are found to be larger for lighter fragments. The experimental data are compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and the PHITS calculations including both the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes.

Spallation reactions for the long-lived fission products Cs-137, Sr-90 and Pd-107 have been studied for the purpose of nuclear waste transmutation. The cross sections on the proton- and deuteron-induced spallation were obtained in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Both the target and energy dependences of cross sections have been investigated systematically. and the cross-section differences between the proton and deuteron are found to be larger for lighter fragments. The experimental data are compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and the PHITS calculations including both the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes.

Isotopic production cross sections were measured for proton- and deuteron-induced reactions on 93Nb by means of the inverse kinematics method at RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. The measured production cross sections of residual nuclei in the reaction 93Nb + p at 113 MeV/u were compared with previous data measured by the conventional activation method in the proton energy range between 46 and 249 MeV. The present inverse kinematics data of four reaction products (90Mo, 90Nb, 88Y, and 86Y) were in good agreement with the data of activation measurement. Also, the model calculations with PHITS describing the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes generally well reproduced the measured isotopic production cross sections.

Spallation reactions for the long-lived fission product Zr-93 have been studied in order to provide basic data necessary for nuclear waste transmutation. Isotopic-production cross sections via proton-and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on Zr-93 at 105 MeV/nucleon were measured in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Remarkable jumps in isotopic production originating from the neutron magic number N = 50 were observed in Zr and Y isotopes. The experimental results were compared to the PHITS calculations considering both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes, and the calculations greatly overestimated the measured production yield, corresponding to few-nucleon-removal reactions. The present data suggest that the spallation reaction is a potential candidate for the treatment of Zr-93 in spent nuclear fuel.

Spallation reaction study has been performed for the long-lived fission products 137Cs, 90Sr and 107Pd. Isotopic cross sections on proton and deuteron were obtained by using the inverse kinematics technique at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. It was found that the deuteron-induced cross sections are larger than the proton-induced ones for the light-mass products. The experimental data were compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and a theoretical calculation including both the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation models by the PHITS transport code. It was found that the spallation reaction could be a promising mechanism for the transmutation of 137Cs and 90Sr due to the large total cross section.

The gamma-ray strength function (gamma SF) in Se-80 is an important parameter to estimate the neutron-capture cross section of Se-79 which is one of the long-lived fission products (LLFPs). Until now, the gamma SF method was applied for Se-80 only above the neutron-separation energy (S-n) and the evaluated Se-79(n,gamma) cross section has an instability caused by the GSF below S-n. We studied the dipole-strength distribution of Se-80 in a photon-scattering experiment using bremsstrahlung produced by an electron beam of an energy of 11.5MeV at the linear accelerator ELBE at HZDR. The present photoabsorption cross section of Se-80 was combined with results of (gamma,n) experiments and are compared with predictions usinmg the TALYS code. We also estimated the Se-79(n,gamma) cross sections and compare them with TALYS predictionms and earlier work by other groups.

Isotopic production cross sections in the proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on 93Zr at an energy of 105 MeV/u were measured in inverse kinematics conditions for the development of realistic nuclear transmutation processes for long-lived fission products (LLFPs) with neutron and light-ion beams. The experimental results were compared to the PHITS calculations describing the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes. Although an overall agreement was obtained, a large overestimation of the production cross sections for the removal of a few nucleons was seen. A clear shell effect associated with the neutron magic number N = 50 was observed in the measured isotopic production yields of Zr and Y isotopes, which can be reproduced reasonably by the PHITS calculation.

The γ-ray strength function (γSF) in 80Se is an important parameter to estimate the neutron-capture cross section of 79Se which is one of the long-lived fission products (LLFPs). Until now, the γSF method was applied for 80Se only above the neutron-separation energy (Sn) and the evaluated 79Se(n,γ) cross section has an instability caused by the GSF below Sn. We studied the dipole-strength distribution of 80Se in a photon-scattering experiment using bremsstrahlung produced by an electron beam of an energy of 11.5 MeV at the linear accelerator ELBE at HZDR. The present photoabsorption cross section of 80Se was combined with results of (γ,n) experiments and are compared with predictions usinmg the TALYS code. We also estimated the 79Se(n,γ) cross sections and compare them with TALYS predictionms and earlier work by other groups.

The dipole strength distribution of Se-80 was studied in a photon-scattering experiment by using bremsstrahlung produced with an electron beam of energy 11.5 MeV at the linear accelerator ELBE. We identified 180 gamma transitions up to an energy of 9.6 MeV, and analyzed the strength in the quasicontinuum of the spectrum. Simulations of statistical gamma-ray cascades were performed to estimate intensities of inelastic transitions and to correct the intensities of the ground-state transitions for their branching ratios. The photoabsorption cross section below the neutron-separation energy derived in this way was combined with the photoabsorption cross section obtained from an earlier (gamma,n) experiment and used as an input for the calculation of Se-79(n,gamma) reaction rates on the basis of the statistical reaction model.

Spallation reactions for the long-lived fission product 107Pd have been studied for the purpose of nuclear waste transmutation. The cross sections on the proton- and deuteron-induced spallation were obtained at 196 and 118 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Both the target and energy dependences of cross sections have been investigated systematically. It was found that the proton-induced cross sections at 196 MeV/nucleon are close to those for deuteron obtained at 118 MeV/nucleon for the light-mass products. The experimental data are compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and the PHITS calculations including both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes. Our data give a design goal of proton/deuteron flux for the transmutation of 107Pd using the spallation reaction. In addition, it is found that the spallation reaction at 118 MeV/nucleon may have an advantage over the 107Pd transmutation because of the low production of other long-lived radioactive isotopes.

Nuclear data, e.g. cross sections, half-lives, and decay radiation properties, can be obtained through scientific investigation of nuclear properties and reactions. The results of experimental measurements of different nuclear reaction data are distributed in various publications and hence are difficult for users to access. Therefore, there is a need to compile the data into a database. One of the database is the EXFOR library, which is maintained by the International Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). As one of the NRDC members, the Hokkaido University Nuclear Reaction Data Centre (JCPRG) has contributed about 10 percent of the data on charged-particle nuclear reactions in the EXFOR library. JCPRG compiles and accumulates charged-particle data obtained in Japanese facilities in their own database NRDF. The compiled nuclear reaction data is available through the online search system of the NRDF and the EXFOR library. In addition to the collaboration with the NRDC network, JCPRG established a collaborative research contract with the RIKEN Nishina Center in 2010, to increase the availability of the nuclear reaction data produced at the RIBF. The compiled files of the nuclear data produced at the RIBF are translated to the EXFOR format for the benefit of nuclear data users. We have addressed a smooth and high-quality compilation of the RIBF data as one of the important tasks in this collaboration. This write-up provides a brief overview of the JCPRG compilation activity in 2013 regarding experimental nuclear reaction data produced at the RIBF. Among the papers compiled in 2013, thirteen contained RIBF data in the compilation scope of the EXFOR library, out of which eight papers published in 2013 had already been registered on the EXFOR library. Five papers published in 2012 had also been registered on the EXFOR library in 2013. The data can be easily accessed from the EXFOR search system by using the accession numbers given in Table 1. The list of RIBF data compiled into the EXFOR library is also available on the JCPRG website along with additional information. To ensure a high-quality database, we ask authors to provide the original data plotted in each figure so