This study aimed to report the functional outcomes of patients who underwent total or near total glossectomy for oral SCC reconstructed with a chimeric latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior (LD + SA) flap. Thirty-two patients with tongue cancer, with a mean age of 48.8 years, were included in the study. All patients underwent total or near total glossectomy and subsequent reconstruction with chimeric LD + SA flap. Swallowing and speech functions were measured and prospectively recorded pre- and 3,6 and 12 months postoperatively. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the Speech Handicap Index (SHI), M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and EORTC-QLQ-H N 35 score at 12 months. Additionally, volume reduction in the flaps was measured. The mean follow-up period was 21 months (range, 2–67 months). The flaps were successfully placed in 30 cases. The total success rate was 93.8

Background: Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare, underreported and poorly investigated osteolytic condition which may affect bone of different regions of the human body. To our knowledge this is the first case of bone reparation during treatment that was traced carefully clinically and radiographically. Such complex craniomaxillofacial involvement [upper jaw with continuous extension to the base of the pterygoid Case Description: We present a case of a 40-year-old subject with massive resorption of the right upper jaw and the base of the ipsilateral PP which was diagnosed as GSD. He was admitted with a year-long history of uncontrollable midfacial pain. Radiographically osteolysis of the maxilla and the PP was evident. Microscopically the specimen lacked any specific signs and consisted of fibrous tissue mingled with blood vessels and lymphatics. Off-label sirolimus 1 mg once daily; zoledronic acid (ZA) 4 mg every 4 weeks and vitamin D 5,000 IU once daily treatment protocol was employed. The extraordinary prominent restoration of the maxillary anterior wall and the base of the pterygoid was first noted after 9 months of treatment (medication implemented for 3 years) and traced throughout the whole 4-year follow-up period. Conclusions: Medical treatment protocol consisting of the combination of the ZA, sirolimus, and vitamin D has showed its effectiveness in the treatment of GSD of the maxilla and the adjacent base of the PP. Further research of this treatment protocol is needed.

The presented materials of the Expert Council (Moscow, March 29, 2024) are devoted to modern approaches to modifying the risk of tobacco smoking in patients with oncological diseases of the head and neck organs, as well as choosing the optimal scientifically based strategy for quitting smoking or a way to minimize exposure to tobacco smoke for patients who are not motivated to give up from smoking.Smoking cessation is the main focus of cancer prevention. Quitting smoking benefits even after a cancer diagnosis regardless of location and stage of the disease. Treatment plans should include smoking cessation recommendations combining motivational strategies and behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy based on evidence-based medicine with follow-up and re-treatment as needed. The physician can inform patients not motivated to quit smoking at the moment about the strategy of risk modification by switching to alternative nicotine delivery sources (ANDS as the general name for category of smokeless products) that exclude burning tobacco. In the future, patients who quit smoking traditional cigarettes, but use only ANDS, should be maintained constant smoking cessation and encouraged to abandon alternative sources of nicotine delivery.Given the proven effectiveness of introducing smoking cessation recommendations into practice, it is proposed to develop, on the basis of scientifically based methods and international experience, an algorithm for consulting on smoking cessation assistance and include it in clinical recommendations for the head and neck cancer in section “Prevention and dispensary monitoring, medical indications and contraindications to the use of prevention methods”.

Chondrosarcoma of the head and neck region is a rare malignant tumor which occurs from 1 to 12% of all of chondrosarcomas. There are only a few case reports of chondrosarcoma in the temporomandibular joint region. This report describes two cases of chondrosarcoma of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in a 27-year-old man and a 35-year-old woman. In both cases signs of temporal bone resorption were noticed, and in the first case tumor had intracranial spread. In both cases the tumor was resected in a single block with peritumoral tissues. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulty in this pathology.

Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Abnormal methylation can be one reason for this cancer. This study aimed to investigate the DNA promotor methylation status of cancer-associated genes (ATM, APC, CDO1, RB1, TP53, and WIF1) in patients with HNSCC. Methods: Bisulfite conversion and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting were used to analyze the DNA methylation levels in normal and tumor tissues in 44 patients. Results: Significant differences in DNA methylation were observed between tumor and normal tissues for CDO1 and WIF1 genes in all subjects and subgroups (p < 0.05). In the T3 subgroup, a significant correlation was found between CDO1 gene methylation and age in normal tissue. The same correlation was detected for the WIF1 gene methylation in tumor tissue samples in the subgroup with T3 and normal tissue samples in the subgroup with T4 (p < 0.05). In all genes, no significant differences were found between the patient subgroups (T2, T3, T4 stage, primary/recurrent lesion, non-keratinizing/keratinizing SCC, age before/after 50, and smokers/non-smokers). Conclusion: Changes in the expressions of CDO1 and WIF1 genes can affect the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of HNSCC. Methylation in the ATM, APC, RB1, and TP53 genes is not specific to HNSCC.

Background: Tongue cancer at a young age demonstrates an increase in incidence, aggressiveness, and poor response to therapy. Classic etiological factors for head and neck tumors such as tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus are not related to early-onset tongue cancer. Mechanisms of development and progression of this cancer remain unclear. In this study, we performed spatial whole-transcriptome profiling of tongue cancer in young adults compared with elderly patients. Methods: Nine patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (T2-3N0-1M0) were included and divided into two groups: younger (n=5) and older than 45 years (n=4). FFPE and fresh frozen (FF) samples of tumor tissue from 4 young and 5 older patients, respectively, were used for spatial transcriptomic profiling using the 10x Genomics Visium. Results:We performed the first successful integration of spatial transcriptomics data from FF and FFPE samples and revealed distinctive features of tongue cancer in young adults. Oxidative stress, vascular mimicry, and MAPK and JAK-STAT pathways were enriched in early-onset tongue cancer. Tumor microenvironment demonstrated increased gene signatures corresponding to myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and plasma cells. The invasive front was accompanied by vascular mimicry with arrangement of tumor-associated macrophages and aggregations of plasma cells and lymphocytes organized into tertiary lymphoid structures. Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicate that early-onset tongue cancer has distinct spatial transcriptomic features and molecular mechanisms compared to older patients.

To identify genetic alterations associated with tongue cancer recurrence in young adults, whole exome sequencing of the primary tumor, recurrence, and whole blood samples from young patients with tongue cancer was performed. A frameshift mutation in the TP53 gene was detected in the primary tumor and recurrence tumor tissue. A mutation in the EPHB6 gene was detected in the recurrence and was absent in the primary tumor. In addition, the primary tumor and recurrence tongue cancer tissue harbored amplification of the 20p13 region containing C20orf96, DEFB125, DEFB126, DEFB127, DEFB128, DEFB129, DEFB132, and ZCCHC3 genes. Thus, genetic alterations have been identified that are associated with tongue cancer recurrence in young adults.

Cases of surgical treatment of basal cell skin carcinoma of the lower eyelid are rarely described in the world literature. Perhaps this is due to the search for new non-surgical treatment methods or to the fact that this localization is poorly represented in the total incidence of basal cell skin cancer. However, the operative method, recommended as the main line of treatment by both domestic and foreign clinical recommendations, is still recognized as the most radical and aesthetically acceptable method of treatment. Non-radical treatment of the tumor leads, in turn, to relapses of the disease, to the emergence of systemic metastatic foci due to the lymphogenic and hematogenic spread of tumor cells. In the article we describe the experience of surgical treatment of patients suffering from basal cell skin carcinoma of the lower eyelid of varying degrees of extension.

Clinical cases of distant metastasis of basal cell skin cancer are extremely rarely described in the international publications. This is probably due to the specific locally advanced growth of this histological type of tumor, as well as to the improvement of radical treatment methods for this group of patients. However, despite the development of both diagnostic research methods and treatment tactics, a large number of patients, especially when the primary tumor is located on the face and neck region, choose less effective and not always radical methods of treatment. In turn, non-radical removal of the primary tumor leads not only to difficulties in local control of the disease, but also to lymphogenous, as well as hematogenous spread of tumor cells and the manifestation of systemic metastasis.In the article, we present a clinical case of metastatic basal cell skin carcinoma of the periorbital region with lesions of the bones of the skeleton, namely the thoracic vertebrae manifested 11 years after the detection of the primary tumor.

Introduction. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a very rare malignant tumor of the thyroid comprising 1–2 % of all thyroid cancers. In this pathology, response rate for standard systemic therapy is less than 15 %, and long-term results remain unsatisfactory. Additionally, there are no data conclusively showing that cytotoxic chemotherapy improves survival or quality of life in patients with ATC.Aim. To improve the results of treatment of patients with ATC through evaluation of the effectiveness of targeted therapy in cases of BRAFV600E mutation.Materials and methods. The multicenter prospective study included 29 patients with ATC IVB–C, T4a–bN1a–bM0–1. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The Group 1 (control) included 15 patients with resectable / nonresectable, metastatic / nonmetastatic ATC (without BRAFV600E mutation), stages IVB–C who received standard types of treatment (surgical intervention, radiation, and chemotherapy). The Group 2 consisted of 14 patients with nonresectable or metastatic ATC, stages IVB–C, who received combination therapy (surgical intervention, radiation, and chemotherapy) with inclusion of inhibitors of BRAF dabrafenib and trametinib in neoadjuvant and adjuvant regimens.Results. The study showed the effectiveness of targeted therapy with inhibitors of BRAF mutations in treatment of locally advanced non-operable metastatic ATC with BRAFV600E mutation. Overall response (complete response + partial response) in the Group 1 was 0 %, in the Group 2 it was 64 %. Therefore, treatment scheme dabrafenib + trametinib is a prmising approach to combination targeted therapy in patients with ATC and BRAFV600E mutation. Conclusion. Dabrafenib + trametinib is a promising combination targeted therapy option for patients with ATC with a BRAFV600 mutation demonstrates a high overall response rate, a prolonged duration of response, and an increase in survival rates with controlled toxicity.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) takes the sixth place among the most common cancers in the world. Abnormal methylation can be one of the reasons for this cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the DNA promotor methylation status of cancer-associated genes (ATM, APC, CDO1, RB1, TP53, WIF1) in patients with HNSCC. Bisulfite Conversion and Methylation-Sensitive High-Resolution Melting was used for analysis of the DNA methylation level of normal and tumor tissues in 44 patients. There were significant differences in DNA methylation level between patient’s tumor and normal tissues for CDO1 and WIF1 genes in all subjects and subgroups (p<0.05). In T3 subgroup there was significant correlation between CDO1 gene methylation and age in the normal tissue. The same correlation was detected also for the WIF1 gene methylation in tumor tissue samples in the subgroup with T3 and in normal tissue samples in the subgroup with T4 (p<0,05). In all genes no significant differences were found between the subgroups (T2, T3, T4 stage, primary/recurrent lesion, non-keratinizing/keratinizing SCC, age before/ after 50, smokers/non-smokers) of the patients. Thus, changes in the expression of the CDO1 and WIF1 genes can affect mechanisms of the occurrence and development of HNSCC.

The article presents a draft of clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer in adult patients, which provides a modern examination algorithm, discusses the basic principles of laboratory, instrumental diagnostics and treatment approaches.

Introduction. About 600 new cases of malignant neoplasms of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity are detected annually in Russia. To date, there are no randomized trials to determine the optimal treatment algorithm for this group of patients. Data on the use of induction chemotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of sino-nasal tract are limited to a small series of clinical observations and, often, are retrospective in nature.Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of induction chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.Materials and methods. Since 2012, 22 patients with locally advanced cancer of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity have been treated in our center, who underwent 3-component induction chemotherapy according to the TPF protocol. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out according to the criteria of Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Patients with a decrease in the tumor size by 30 % or more, were followed by radiation therapy in doses of 66–70 Gy. Patients with a residual tumor underwent surgery after the end of chemoradiotherapy.Results. In 21 patients available for analysis, overall response rate after induction chemotherapy was 71 %: complete response was registered in 3 (14 %) patients, partial response in 12 (57 %), stable disease in 4 (19 %). Progression disease after 3 courses of induction chemotherapy was detected in 2 (10 %) patients.Conclusions. Thus, induction chemotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of sino-nasal tractseems to be a promising direction for investigation, that can significantly improve the long-term results of treatment of this category of patients and help to avoid of disabling surgery in some of them.

The review is devoted to the current state and prospects for the treatment of young adults with oral cancer. The article analyzes the possible methods of treatment for this category of patients: immunotherapy, radiation and phototherapy, hyperthermia, surgical treatment, and also discusses the prospects for antibiotic therapy and regulation of the epigenetic landscape of oral cancer in young adults. Обзор посвящен современному состоянию и перспективам терапии молодых пациентов с раком полости рта. В статье дан анализ возможных методов лечения больных данной категории: иммунотерапия, лучевая и фототерапия, гипертермия, хирургическое лечение, а также обсуждены перспективы антибиотикотерапии и регуляции эпигенетического ландшафта рака полости рта у молодых пациентов.