The present paper provides a numerical analysis of DNA hybridization occurrence on graphene-coated GaAs SPR sensor (SF10 prism–Au–GaAs–graphene–phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution). The angular interrogation method is used to comprehend sensor performance through SPR curves. Single-stranded DNA present in PBS solution, on hybridization with its complementary DNA, results in desorption from nanostructures, enabling detection of DNA hybridization event. The proposed SPR sensor shows remarkable performance for detection of DNA hybridization, with sensitivity ~153.32° per refractive index unit (RIU), detection accuracy ~0.62 deg–1, and quality factor ~9.45 RIU–1.

Background: Dyslipidemia is very much common in chronic kidney disease patients and is responsible for cardiovascular disease (CKD) which is most common cause of mortality in them. So, it is necessary to study the lipid profile in CKD patients to prevent morbidity and mortality.Methods: Subjects each of 50 in number are grouped into healthy controls (group-1), CKD patients without hemodialysis (group-2), CKD patients with hemodialysis (group-3). After fasting of 12 hours, lipid profile is assessed in all cases.Results: In this study, there is increase in Total cholesterol (TC), Low Density lipoprotein (LDL), very Low-Density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG) and decrease in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in all CKD patients compared to healthy controls (p-value for each parameter <0.001). There is increase in TC, TG and VLDL in diabetic CKD patients compare to non-diabetic CKD patients and p-value for each parameter is <0.05. It was found that TG and VLDL increase and HDL decrease in group-3 compare to group-2 is statistically significant (p-value for each <0.05) and no significant variation in TC and LDL in these groups.Conclusions: Present study demonstrated that there is dyslipidemia in CKD patients irrespective of mode of management, but the derangement is much more common and significant in CKD with hemodialysis group and they are at risk of cardiovascular disease. It is better to start lipid lowering drugs which decreases disease progression and dyslipidemia.

current study was undertaken at S.S.G. Hospital, Vadodara for a period of 1 year.Material & Method - All cases of known age coming for the postmortem examination in which the victimis between 21-40 years of age were taken for the study. Both ectocranial and endocranial state were takeninto consideration.Results - In female subjects, significant correlation was found in sagittal, coronal and lambdoid sutureclosure in both ectocranially and endocranially in 21-30 age group (Table 2). In 31-40 age group significantcorrelation was found in coronal suture right and left side ectocranially.Statistical Analysis - Spearman rank correlation coefficients, Levene’s test for equality of variances,Student’s t test for equality of means, STATAIC-13 software was used.Conclusion – Many of the findings of current study were correlated with earlier studies, while others werefound contradictory. Further detailed study with larger sample size is required.

Thiazolidinone, a five member heterocyclic compound involved in research aimed at evaluating new product that possess interesting biological activities and play vital role owing to its wide range of pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, insecticidal, hypnotic, amoebicidal, antipsychotic, antiparkinsonian, hypolipidemic and FSH agonist activity. The present review focuses on the development of 4-thiazolidinone with their potential activities.

Plasticizers have got significant role in pharmaceutical formulations because of their vital importance in the formulations like gastro-retentive films, ocular films, transdermal films, buccal films, oro-dispersible films. Flexibility, Endurance, Resistibility and Stability which are suitable properties of formulation could be easily achieved by using plasticizers which ultimately imparted desired characteristic in the formulation by the radical use of this excipient. In this review an effort was made to disclose importance, theories and plasticizers mechanism in different novel pharmaceutical formulations to understand its versatility efficiency, utility and tendency to modified different novel pharmaceutical formulations.

Olfactory dysfunction is considered a marker of synucleopathies and is reported in patients of Parkinson Disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD) several years before motor symptoms make their appearance. It therefore, can be used as a biomarker to detect these ailments before motor symptoms make their appearance in the absence of more expensive tests. We undertook this case control study to investigate olfactory function in PD, Parkinsonism plus syndromes [PPS i.e. MSA and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)], familial PD and first-degree relatives of familial PD patients and compared the results with age and gender matched healthy controls. Consecutive 197 PD patients, 26 familial PD (FPD) patients, 23 first degree relatives of familial PD patients (RPD), 58 patients of Parkinsonism plus syndrome (PPS) including 38 MSA and 20 PSP patients and 200 age and gender matched healthy controls were included in the study from movement disorder clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Clinical details were recorded on a pre-tested format. All the subjects underwent a formal olfactory assessment with validated Indian Smell Identification Test battery (INSIT) and commercially available Sniffin stics Test® (SST). There was significant difference in smell scores between PD patients familial PD (FPD) patients and PPS patients on one hand and and healthy controls n the other (all p<0.0001) on both Indian smell Identification Test (INSIT) battery and SST. Both INSIT and SST showed similar results when tested on PD, PPS, FPD, RPD and healthy controls, showing an agreement of 83% between the two tests. Statistically significant difference between MSA and PSP and healthy controls were observed; but not between MSA and PD and between RPD and age matched healthy control. ROC curve showed sensitivity of 0.814 and specificity of 0.68 for INSIT at cut off score of 7 and of 6 on INSIT and SST respectively. The study confirms that INSIT, the indigenously prepared inexpensive Indian smell identification test using odorants, which are familiar to Indian population, is non-inferior to the SST and that there is a good agreement between the two. Olfactory dysfunction exists in PD, Parkinsonism plus syndromes patients, especially so in MSA and FPD patients in comparison to healthy controls. There was significant difference in the smell scores between MSA and PSP patients. We did not find significant difference between the smell scores of first-degree relatives of familial PD and healthy control.

Wind generation is currently the leading form of new renewable generation. The power generation through wind energy totally dependent on the flow of the wind due to uncertainty and randomness of wind flow, the generation of power is quite fluctuating in nature and large-scale wind farms may cause significant impact to the stability and power system safety. This paper presents a case study of Western Rajasthan which become high wind power penetration zone. Which includes the requirements of the reactive power mitigating device, the analysis of voltage, active and reactive power flow under condition of sudden increase of wind power and effect of reactive power compensating device Static Var Compensator if it is placed at major GSS of Western Rajasthan. To analyze the situation Mi-Power software is used. It is concluded that for Rajasthan power system the installation of suitable capacity SVC is must, preferably at the main wind bus.

The complexity in the physicochemical characteristics of drugs and there In Vivo fate needs the quality of polymers to be that which could suppress the enzymatic action over drugs. The emergence of technology in an extraction procedure of herbal products has led to the development of various natural polymers which ensures the development of such dosage form that could easily deceive various factors affecting the degradation of drug within the body. The use of synthetic polymers in the formulation of orodispersible tablet was very common but high dispersion time, low hardness and failure in friability were the main reasons which led to the use of natural polymers like chitosan, gum tragacanth and gum karaya for the development of orodispersible tablet. But before formulation development the determination of preformulation studies as well as preliminary studies are main to carried down so, in this paper Preformulation studies of Venlafaxine hydrochloride for UV identification, solubility studies and lipophilicity was carried out. Similarly, preliminary studies of micromeritics properties and placebo formulations with their evaluation using cut and weigh methods were carried out.

The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of bark and leaves of Acacia ferruginea DC. Hydroalcoholic extracts of bark and leaves were evaluated for analgesic activity using hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test, whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw oedema method. Hydroalcoholic extract of the bark at the dose of 50 mg/kg (6.10 ± 0.30) and leaves at a dose of 100 mg/kg (5.72 ± 0.39) after 45 min exhibited significant (P < 0.001) analgesic activity in hot plate test, which was comparable to Tramadol (6.11 ± 0.31) at a dose of 10 mg/kg. However, in acetic acid-induced writhing test, hydroalcoholic extract of both bark (90%) and leaves (90.91%) showed maximum protection from acetic acid at the dose of 100 mg/kg as compared to standard drug (50.91%) at a dose of 5 mg/kg. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, hydroalcoholic extract of leaves at a dose of 400 mg/kg had significantly (74.68%) inhibited the inflammation as comparable to indomethacin (82.8%) after 3 h of induction of carrageenan. It is concluded that hydroalcoholic extracts of bark and leaves have central analgesic and peripheral analgesic effects, respectively. Both hydroalcoholic extracts of the bark and leaves significantly reduced the paw oedema at a dose of 400 mg/kg and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity.

A huge amount of wind power is integrated into the power system every day. With large variations in wind generation, reactive power flows on transmission lines, transmission loss, voltage and power factor are major attributes which having a major impact on power system performance. FACT devices such as Static Var Compensator, is dynamic reactive power compensator is adopted for control of bus voltage magnitude and to bring the system near to unity power factor. The proper rating of SVC is very important. This paper presents modelling, the finalization of SVC rating in the power system having high wind power generation. The SVC system performance with the increase of wind power penetration in power system also evaluated. Mi.-Power software is used with actual field conditions of the Western region of Rajasthan Grid, which is high wind power penetration area. With the help of Load flow analysis based approach, the rating of SVC decided, for particular system with the concept of the use of virtual generator. The increase of wind power penetration needs a review of the transmission system and other grid related issues.

Wind generation is currently the leading form of new renewable generation in the world. The power generation through wind energy totally dependent on the flow of the wind due to uncertainty and randomness of wind flow, the generation of power is quite fluctuating in nature and large-scale wind farms may cause significant impact to the stability and power system safety. Wind power has significant variation over shorter time periods, but is growing very consistent from year to year. A significant amount of wind power is integrated into the power system day by day. With large variations in wind generation, reactive power flows on transmission lines and voltage are two major variables which affect the performance of the power system. The shunt connected FACT devices such as a static var compensator (SVC), which is dynamic reactive power compensator whose reactive power output depends upon the system voltage, is adopted for control of bus voltage magnitude and to bring the system near to unity power factor, thus for mitigation of reactive power. This paper presents the reactive power control by application of SVC in the power system having high wind power generation and its effect analyzed on static and dynamic var mitigation with the change of the location of SVC to far off the bus. For analysis Rajasthan Grid(India), comprising of different voltage level with high wind power penetration in the Western part selected. Mi.-Power software is used in actual field conditions simulation and analysis. The comparative effect of altering the location of SVC analyzed.

The amount of electricity being generated by wind turbines is increasing continuously and wind power penetration is continuously becoming more day by day. Due to large variations in wind generation, reactive power flows on transmission lines and voltage are major variables. This paper presents the modelling and simulation of Static Var Compensator (SVC) and reactive power control. In the first step, modeling of SVC carried out. In the second step, modelling of SVC is configured in power system to analyze its behavior for reactive power control along with impact on voltage level in 659 bus systems of Rajasthan Grid, comprising of different voltage level with high wind power penetration in the power system. All analysis is anchored with load flow analysis for SVC realization, by using Mi.-Power system analysis software. Results of tests conducted on the model system in various possible field conditions.

Wind generation is currently the major form of new renewable, generation in the world. The wind power is totally dependent on wind flow, due to randomness and uncertainty of wind flow, the wind power generation is quite fluctuating in nature and large scale wind farms may cause significant impact to the power system safety, quality and stability. The active power mainly depends upon the potential of the wind power produced and wind turbine generator design. The reactive power demand on the other hand depends upon conversion devices and recovered power quality fed to the grid. The wind farms which accesses to power grid cause fluctuations and reactive power redistribution and sometimes lead to voltage collapse. Similarly, the dynamic voltage stability is a major challenge faced by distribution network operators. The easy solution comes into picture is to install reactive power source devices with optimization of the existing assets to deliver enhanced reactive power to the grid. With solution to reliability, voltage regulation, reactive power requirements, grid integration problems, weak grid interconnection, off grid wind power generation and its integration to power grid, wind power penetration in distribution grid, wind power uncertainty, flicker and harmonics etc. The categorization of issue considered the goal of our work is the reactive power management of wind farm in most technical and economical way without compromising quality power system voltage, and considering the wind turbine technology for already commissioned wind farm, and change in WT technology in present scenario. More than 100 research publications on voltage and reactive power control of wind farms, extending from year 2003 to 2013 have been critically examined, classified and listed for quick reference.

Solid dispersion is the prerequisite technique for increasing the dissolution and bioavailability of the hydrophobic drugs. The technique generally provides more significant enhancement in solubility or dissolution rate as compared to other techniques which mainly relies only on the reduction of particle size. The factor of re-crystallization associated with reduction of particle size has great negative impact of further reduction of solubility but in more generalized view along with reduction of particle size the factor which increases the wettability by reducing the contact angle between particle and water is mainly important and solid dispersed particles are formulated with this approach only as they composed of matrix dispersion of hydrophobic drug and hydrophilic polymer which increases the wettability of drug molecules and also reduces the size to form molecular dispersion. The recent research in the field of polymerization has also made it possible to make available those polymers which allows intermolecular hydrogen bonding with drug molecules in the solid dispersed particles, these bondings have significant effect over the prevention of precipitation during solubilization of particles. Thorough knowledge regarding the physicochemical properties of the solid dispersed particles are very essential for understanding the relation or mechanism of wetting of particle and the release mechanism of drug. However, in this review the current researches are highlighted with their modifications over the conventional methods.

Site-specific colonic drug delivery system of 5-ASA nanoparticles were prepared and coated with pH sensitive polymer. Chitosan nanoparticles (CTNP) bearing 5-Amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) were prepared, by ionotropic gelation method, nanoparticulate dosage form consisting of a hydrophobic core enteric coated with pH-dependent polymer Eudragit S-100 by solvent evaporation method, for the effective delivery of drug to the colon for treatment of ulcerative colitis. CTNP and Eudragit chitosan nanoparticles (ECTNP) was characterized for shape and surface morphology of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) appeared to be spherical in shape and the particle size, size distribution and polydispersity index of the drug loaded nanoparticles were assessed by photon correlation spectroscopy using Zeta Sizer mean size was found to be around 159 nm and 501 nm with optimum value of zeta potential was found to be 22 +/- 1.82 and -34.5 +/- 0.8 respectively. The in vitro drug release was investigated using USP dissolution test apparatus in different simulated GIT fluids showed promising release in colonic pH. These data confirmed the CTNP have been developed. The in vitro hennolysis study showed that the complex was non-hemolytic. Thus it can be concluded that the ECTNP may be a promising candidate in colon delivery.

Of the various diverse compounds known to bind Lck enzyme, benzothiazoles derivatives represent one of the most important classes. This article deals with the development of a QSAR equation relating the ligand binding activity of literature reported benzothiazoles acting as antagonist of Lck enzyme to their 3D descriptors. Significant equation was generated using V-life MDS 3.5 and the compounds were divided into training and test set by using k-Nearest Neighbor Molecular Field Analysis (kNN-MFA) combined with various selection procedures. Using kNN-MFA approach 33, 3D-QSAR models were generated; one of these models was selected on the basis of q(2) and predicted r(2) values. The selected model had shown good internal and external predictivity for the training set of 29 molecules and test set of 4 molecules with validation various statistical parameters like external validation (q(2)), predicted r(2) having 0.6843, 0.8506 respectively.

The QSAR study brings important structural insight to aid the design of novel anti-TB agents. A 2D-qua ntitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) was employed to find the correlation between the structural pro perties antiTB activities of a series of quinoline derivatives was done with the help of Vlife MDS 3.5 Software. T his study was performed with 35 compounds (data set) using random and manual data selection methods for the division of the data into training and test set. PLS methodology wi th stepwise (SW) forward-backward variable selectio n method was used for building the QSAR models. Statisticall y QSAR models were developed. Among them most valua ble models has squared correlation coefficient (r 2 ), cross validated correlation coefficient (q 2 ) and predictive correlation coefficient (pred_r 2 ) for anti-TB activity was 0.9182, 0.8160 and 0.642 2 respectively. The results obtained from QSAR studies could be used in designi ng better antitubercular agents among the congeners in future.

In traditional systems of medicine, different parts of Ocimum have been recommended for the treatment of bronchitis, bronchial asthma, malaria, diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, arthritis, chronic fever and insect bite. Morphological and anatomical characters play a vital role in crude drug identification and standardization. In the present study, comparative Pharmacognostical evaluation was performed for the dried leaves powder of selected species of Ocimum such as O. gratissimum, O. sanctum and O. canum . The result from macroscopical, microscopical and powder characters are used for the identification of O. gratissimum, O. sanctum and O. canum. The results throw immense light on the botanical identity of various species of Ocimum which furnish a basis of judging the authenticity of the plant and also to differentiate the drug from its allied species and detect adulterants. Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum sanctum , Ocimum canum, Comparative, Pharmacognostical characterization.

Shunt capacitor banks are installed by developers pooling stations for management of reactive power for a wind farm. Operation of shunt capacitor banks is manually and accordingly there is a wide variation in wind power plant power factor of 0.9 lagging to 0.9 leading. Due to large variations in wind generation power factor, reactive power flows on transmission lines are also variable and accordingly there is a wide variation in power transmission system voltage from minimum 0.8 p.u. to a maximum of 1.20 p.u. Due to low & high power system voltages, transmission lines are tripped resulting constrained in a wind power evacuation. Considering the high penetration of wind power in the system, in this paper, Static Var Compensator (SVC) is proposed at 400kV GSS Jaisalmerfor large scale wind power penetrated power system, for mitigation of wind power generators reactive power. Simulation studies have been carried out to validate the effectiveness of the SVC for voltage control with the variation in wind power generation power factor. Case studies are carried out in 19-bus system in Western Rajasthan area where wind power penetration is even more than 2000MW to demonstrate the performance of the SVC taking the consolidated effect of voltage behavior with and without SVC at a different power factor. Wind power, penetrated part of Rajasthan power system has been modeled using Mi.-Power system analysis software. Results of tests conducted on the model system in various possible field conditions are presented and discussed.