The use of peatlands for oil palm cultivation involves soil processing techniques, including physical soil improvement and water management, which can alter groundwater levels. These processes can change the peat structure from coarse to very soft and compact, ultimately affecting its chemical properties. This study aims to evaluate the nutrient content of peat at different depths in oil palm plantations. A descriptive method was employed by collecting soil samples from degraded areas at depths of 0–30 cm (top layer) and 30–60 cm (bottom layer). Observations were conducted over several years of oil palm cultivation. The results indicate that at 0–30 cm depth, total nitrogen (N) and potassium oxide (K₂O) content tended to be higher in 2015, whereas phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) content was higher in 2013. In conclusion, variations in planting years suggest an interaction between plant age and nutrient content in peat. This finding underscores the importance of considering soil depth and plant age to maintain peat soil fertility in oil palm plantations. Consequently, fertilization and land management strategies can be implemented more efficiently and sustainably.

Penelitian ini untuk mengkaji terkait Teori kebenaran dan kaitannya dengan ilmu penegtahuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskripsi kualitatiif dengan metode literature review / Studi kepustkaan yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber sekunder seperti buku-buku dan artikel ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan teori kebenaran. Semua teori kebenaran itu ada dan dipraktekkan manusia di dalam kehidupan nyata. Uraian dan ulasan mengenai berbagai teori kebenaran di atas telah menunjukkan kelebihan dan kekurangan dari berbagai teori kebenaran. Teori korespondensi ini, kebenaran/keadaan benar itu dapat dinilai dengan membandingkan antara preposisi dengan fakta atau kenyataan yang berhubungan dengan preposisi tersebut. Bila diantara keduanya terdapat kesesuaian (korespondence), maka preposisi tersebut dapat dikatakan memenuhi standar kebenaran/keadaan benar.

Penelitian ini menganalisis konsep Mahar Musamma dan Mahar Misl dalam perspektif fikih lintas madzhab dan sosiologi hukum, dengan tujuan menemukan keseimbangan nilai mahar antara idealitas syariat dan realitas sosial. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif studi kepustakaan yang mengintegrasikan pendekatan Tafsir Ahkam dan Sosiologi Hukum, kajian ini menelaah Q.S. An-Nisa’: 4 sebagai landasan normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara fikih, mahar adalah hak eksklusif istri sebagai pemberian wajib yang menekankan kesederhanaan, keikhlasan, dan fleksibilitas (dapat tunai atau tangguh), tanpa batas minimal yang kaku. Secara sosiologis, praktik mahar di Indonesia berfungsi sebagai institusi kompleks yang mencerminkan akulturasi hukum Islam dengan adat, berperan sebagai pertukaran simbolis, penanda status sosial, dan arena negosiasi antara nilai agama, negara, dan tradisi lokal. Keseimbangan nilai mahar dapat dicapai dengan mengembalikan esensinya sebagai komitmen tulus, mempertimbangkan kepatutan sosial, dan memastikan kontrol penuh mahar berada di tangan mempelai perempuan

In an increasingly digitalized world, advanced technologies reshape tourism business practices. This study examines the influence of perceived usefulness, ease of use, awareness, attitude, and government support on the adoption of sustainable tourism practices among Chinese entrepreneurs. Additionally, the moderating role of social influence is explored. Data were collected from 358 entrepreneurs in China using a survey questionnaire, and hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS-4. The results reveal that perceived usefulness, ease of use, awareness, and attitude significantly influence the adoption of sustainable tourism practices, with government support playing a critical role. Furthermore, social influence moderates certain relationships in the model. These findings contribute to the literature on sustainable tourism and highlight the importance of technological awareness, positive attitudes, and government support in promoting sustainable business practices. Practical implications include enhancing awareness campaigns, improving government incentives, and leveraging social influence to foster sustainability in tourism.

This study aims to analyze the effect of discount vouchers, free shipping, and product ratings on impulse purchases of GoFood consumers, both partially and simultaneously. The method used is a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis techniques through the SPSS version 30 application. The research sample consisted of 130 respondents selected using nonprobability sampling techniques. Data were collected through a closed questionnaire distributed online. The results of the analysis show that the three independent variables, namely discount vouchers, free shipping, and product ratings, have a positive and significant influence on impulse purchases partially. Simultaneously, the three variables also show a significant influence on impulse buying behavior. These findings suggest that consumers tend to make unplanned purchases when they receive attractive offers and see positive product reviews. The implication of this study is the importance of promotion-based marketing strategies and product reputation in encouraging impulse buying.

The sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) is a valuable natural resource, particularly as a source of sap that can be processed into palm sugar. However, its utilization remains suboptimal, as sugar palm plants in South Tapanuli Regency continue to grow wild and have not been cultivated intensively. The morphological characteristics of these plants, such as the number of leaf stalks, are believed to influence sap production. This study aims to identify the relationship between the number of leaf stalks and sap production in South Tapanuli Regency. The study employed a survey method and simple linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the number of leaf stalks and sap production. The results indicated a positive correlation between the number of leaf stalks and sap production; specifically, an increase in leaf stalks corresponded to higher sap production. The highest sap production, recorded at 10.27 liters per day, was observed with more than 21 leaf stalks, while the lowest sap production, at 6.78 liters per day, was noted with 1 to 5 leaf stalks.

Salinity stress severely impacts agricultural productivity by inhibiting seed germination in rice. Finding plant-derived products that can improve germination under salinity stress offers an environment-friendly approach. This study investigates the protective role of exogenous sulforaphane (SFN) in enhancing rice seed germination under salinity stress. We compared the responses of salt-sensitive (LLY-7108) and salt-tolerant (G-16) rice varieties to determine the effectiveness of SFN treatment with 150 mM NaCl stress, where LLY-7108 showed significantly higher germination inhibition under salt stress compared to G-16, while SFN application notably improved germination rate of LLY-7108 with minimal effects on G-16. Our investigation revealed that salt stress increased Na+ accumulation and Na+/K+ ratio in rice seeds, leading to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (H2O2, O2-) and malonaldehyde (MDA). This ionic imbalance disrupted hormone homeostasis, decreasing gibberellic acid (GA) while increasing abscisic acid (ABA) levels, and inhibited α-amylase activity, thereby reducing starch hydrolysis. SFN treatment effectively mitigated these adverse effects by enhancing OsHKT1;1 and OsHKT1;5 expressions, which reduced Na+ uptake and improved ion balance. Additionally, SFN enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), regulated ABA biosynthesis genes (OsNCED1, OsNCED3), improved α-amylase activity, and increased soluble sugar content; besides it improved the cell ultrastructure and chloroplast structure versus salt treatment. These findings highlight SFN's protective role in rice germination under salinity stress through ion homeostasis regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, hormone balance restoration, and enhanced starch metabolism. SFN offers a practical solution for improving direct-seeded rice germination in saline soils.

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Kelompok 56 Universitas Nusa Putra di Desa Citepus, Sukabumi, dilaksanakan untuk menjawab berbagai permasalahan masyarakat di bidang ekonomi, lingkungan, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan sosial budaya. Permasalahan utama meliputi rendahnya literasi digital UMKM, belum optimalnya pengelolaan sampah, tingginya risiko stunting, rendahnya literasi dasar anak, serta minimnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan kolektif. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, identifikasi kebutuhan, serta pelaksanaan program secara partisipatif. Program inti meliputi digitalisasi UMKM melalui QRIS, branding, dan Google Maps; pengelolaan sampah berbasis 3R dengan seminar, workshop eco-enzim, pembuatan kandang plastik, plang edukasi, dan aksi Beach Cleaning Day; program kesehatan New Zero Stunting dengan pembagian bibit sayuran, pembuatan alat ukur tinggi badan, dan seminar gizi; serta program pendidikan Citepus Cerdas dengan bimbingan calistung, English Fun Day, Taman Belajar Qur’ani, dan kunjungan sekolah. Selain itu, kegiatan sosial budaya seperti HUT RI ke-80, pengajian rutin, Maulid Nabi, posyandu, dan Jumat Bersih turut memperkuat ikatan masyarakat. Hasilnya, terdapat peningkatan literasi digital UMKM, kesadaran lingkungan, pencegahan stunting, motivasi belajar anak, serta penguatan nilai religius dan nasionalisme.

Radikalisme agama di kalangan pelajar menjadi isu serius dalam konteks pendidikan menengah di Indonesia. Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) sebagai bagian integral kurikulum memiliki peran strategis dalam membentuk karakter moderat, toleran, dan inklusif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara konseptual bagaimana moderasi beragama dapat diintegrasikan dalam kurikulum PAI sebagai upaya menghadapi tantangan radikalisme di sekolah menengah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa moderasi beragama dapat diinternalisasikan melalui penguatan nilai wasathiyah, pembelajaran berbasis multikultural, serta pengembangan sikap toleransi dan anti-kekerasan. Tantangan yang dihadapi antara lain resistensi ideologis, pengaruh media sosial, serta keterbatasan kompetensi guru. Artikel ini merekomendasikan strategi penguatan kurikulum PAI berbasis moderasi beragama dengan melibatkan guru, sekolah, masyarakat, dan pemerintah secara kolaboratif.

Background: LASIK is a popular refractive surgery for correcting myopia, but its impact on endothelial cell count (ECC) remains uncertain, with potential implications for corneal health.Objective: To determine the effect of LASIK on ECC in myopic patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January to July 2023. A total of 178 myopic patients (38.76% males, 61.24% females; mean age 25.21 ± 8.19 years) underwent LASIK. Baseline and post-procedural ECC were measured using specular microscopy at one week, one month, and three months post-LASIK. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were also assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with paired t-tests for comparisons and significance set at p ≤ 0.05.Results: Mean ECC decreased from 2897.49 ± 93.52 cells/mm² at baseline to 2892.36 ± 94.21 cells/mm² at one week, 2846.65 ± 93.80 cells/mm² at one month, and 2811.10 ± 90.66 cells/mm² at three months post-LASIK (p < 0.001). Mean CCT also significantly decreased at all time points (p < 0.001).Conclusion: LASIK significantly reduces ECC, highlighting the need for careful postoperative monitoring of corneal health.

Durian (Durio zibethinus) is known as a plant that has a fairly high economic value which is widely planted on community land in Parmaksian District, Lauhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province. This study aims to evaluate the land suitability class for durian as an agroforestry plant in Parmaksian, Toba Regency. Research activities include several stages of activities, namely: preparation, survey, soil analysis in the laboratory, data processing, and mapping. The survey method was carried out to collect soil samples in the field. Durian land suitability class was analyzed using the matching method. The method refers to the references and criteria adopted from the Soil Suitability of Agricultural Crops by the Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research, Bogor, Indonesia. The results showed that the actual land suitability class for durian plants in Parmaksian sub-district, was marginally suitable (S3) on Land Units 1 and 6 and not suitable (N) on Land Units 2, 3, 4, and 5 with limiting factors. are temperature and soil texture. The results of the GIS analysis show that 52.5% of the total sub-district area is marginally suitable (S3) and 47.8% of the total sub-district area is not suitable (N).

Coral reefs are one of the main ecosystems in coastal areas that are very stretched with damage, so it requires efforts to preserve them through rehabilitation activities. This study aims to determine the growth rate and survival of transplanted corals from 2021 - 2023 on Samalona Island, Makassar City. This study uses a survey method approach by making direct observations and measurements of transplanted corals on spider frames by utilizing previous data (2021) and comparing current measurement data (2023). The type of transplanted coral studied was Acropora branching at a depth of 3-4 meters. The results showed that the growth rate of transplanted corals was 9.22 cm with an average per month of 0.38 cm. Its survival was 58.15% with the number of surviving coral fragments as many as 314 and dead as many as 226.

The chemical characteristics of peat soil can be improved with soil amendments such as biochar derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), or by nitrogen (N) fertilisation. Our study aimed to determine the separate effects of OPEFB biochar and N fertiliser, along with their interaction, on the dynamics (loss, content, uptake) of nutrients in peat soil as well as on the growth of oil palm seedlings. A glasshouse experiment was carried out in North Sumatra (Indonesia) from December 2020 to February 2021 using a Complete Randomised Factorial design. The first factor was the OPEFB biochar dosages (0, 5, 10, 15 t ha-1) and the second factor was the dosage of N fertiliser (30, 45, 60 kg ha-1), with three replicates. The data were analysed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan at P < 0.05. The results showed that biochar doses of 10 and 15 t ha-1 effectively reduced the losses of N and magnesium (Mg) by 15.7 and 7.56 %, respectively. These reductions were accompanied by increases in soil pH (by 5.12 %) and exchangeable potassium (by 48.3 %). The levels of the plant nutrients phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and boron (B) in the oil palm seedlings were 17.8, 27.0, 5.88, 7.89 and 0.18 %, respectively. Furthermore, N fertiliser doses of 30–45 kg ha 1 increased pH, total N and nutrient (N, B) content as well as the uptake of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, B and Cu. The interaction of 10–15 t ha-1 biochar with 30–45 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertiliser inhibited leaching of N but increased exchangeable-K and nutrient (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, B, Cu) contents. Based on our results, only N doses of 30–45 kg ha-1 were effective in increasing the number of leaves, stem diameter and biomass of oil palm seedlings, while the effects of biochar and the interaction were insignificant. The findings of this study are relevant for oil palm plantations in peatland areas.

The abundance, diversity, and dominance of reef fish vary in each island cluster, resulting in different reef fish distribution. The purpose of this study was to assess the abundance, diversity, and dominance index of reef fish species in the core zone of Tinabo Kecil Island, Selayar Islands. This study used an underwater visual enumeration method approach (Underwater Visual Census). The results showed three categories of reef fish, namely indicator, target, and major fish, with 18 families, 94 species, and 817 fish individuals identified. Based on the analysis, it was found that the fish population abundance index value was 0.60 ind/m2, diversity was 4.17 (high category), and dominance was 0.02 (low category).

Abstract Plants need the nutrient P to increase growth and yield. P availability is low in Andisol soil and has high retention by 97.8%. Giving the phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) is an alternative to increase available P which plants can use to increase growth and yield. This research aims to determine the benefits of providing phosphate-solubilising fungi on the growth and yield of shallots in Andisol. The study used a block randomized design with three replications. The first factor is Andisol soil origin (Karo regency and Tapanuli Utara regency) and the second is isolate of phosphate solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus niger P13, Aspergillus niger P21, Aspergillus pseudodeflectus BJ21, and Aspergillus niger BJ23). The research results showed that the soil from Karo can increase plant dry weight and root dry weight respectively by 36.38% and 37.66% compared to Tapanuli Utara. The application of Aspergillus pseudodeflectus BJ21 and Aspergillus niger BJ23 fungi was able to increase plant dry weight by 35.10% and 34.25% and root dry weight by 29.38% and 23.46% compared to without PSF application. The soil origin of Karo Regency increased yield by 36.40% from Tapanuli Utara Regency. Giving fungi Aspergillus pseudodeflectus BJ21 and Aspergillus niger BJ23 fungi was able to increase plant dry weight by 35.10% and 34.25% and root dry weight Aspergillus niger P13 was able to increase yield of 65.63% and 63.12% compared to without giving PSF.

The determination of the energy potential of indigenous biomass waste is primarily the focus of every country in its quest to meet the energy demand via clean and sustainable sources. The objective of the current study is to investigate the thermo-kinetic behavior of the sapodilla leaves with thermogravimetric analysis to analyze its potential utilization for energy production through the thermochemical conversion process. Sapodilla leaves were dried, pulverized, and heated non-isothermally from room temperature to 900°C at different heating rates in an inert environment. Thermogravimetric results indicated that the Sapodilla leaves pyrolysis is divided into three stages. The Coats-Redfern integral model was applied in the 2nd and 3rd stages to estimate the numerical value of thermo-kinetic parameters, using five major solid-state reaction mechanisms. The low-temperature stable components (LTSC) degraded in the temperature range of 250–550°C while high-temperature stable components (HTSC) decomposed in the temperature range of 550–850°C. About 45-50wt% degradation in the first temperature range of 250–550°C and about 15-17wt% degradation was observed in 2nd degradation temperature range of 550–900°C. According to the results, the diffusion model D3showed the highest regression coefficient in the first degradation stage while in the second degradation stage, the nucleation models N1.5and N2showed the highest regression coefficient. The activation energy of sapodilla leaves degradation was found in the range between 30–32 kJmol− 1for best-fitted models in low-temperature regions and 8–12 kJmol− 1in high-temperature regions. The positive value of change in enthalpy and Gibbs free energy showed that the reaction is endothermic while the negative value of entropy showed the more regular arrangement of the products. Thermo-kinetic behavior of sapodilla leaves hints toward their huge potential for bio-oil and syngas production through pyrolysis and gasification processes.