Cocoa derived from cuttings is expected to overcome the limitations of grafting and hybrid seed propagation. This study aimed to determine the typology of cocoa seedlings derived from cutting, grafting, and hybrid seeds and the similarity among propagations, and assess the biochemical content of budwood cuttings and its relationship with the success rate. This research was conducted at the greenhouse of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, East Java, from April to December 2022 by adopting a completely randomized design. A single-factor experiment was performed on propagation methods, namely hybrid seed (HS), orthotropic cutting (OC), plagiotropic cutting (PC), orthotropic grafting (OG), and plagiotropic grafting (PG). The growth characteristics, anatomical characteristics, and biochemical contents of cuttings were observed. Results showed that compared with PC, OC generated a larger root pith diameter that played a role in the improved growth performance. The leaf area, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate in OC were similar to those in HS. The time to produce OC was similar to PG to meet the minimum standard requirements of ready-to-plant seedlings. However, the root volume, area, and length in OC were below those in HS and still needed to be improved. The cuttings derived from the budwood garden had higher sucrose contents than those from the production garden. Therefore, obtaining OC and PC samples from a budwood garden is recommended to achieve a high success rate.

Flavor is the main parameter of cocoa bean quality. The characteristic of flavor is influenced by the composition and intensity of metabolites both volatile and non volatile. It was hypothesized that non-volatile compounds impacted the flavor preference of whole cocoa beans. This study aimed to identify the differences in the non-volatile compounds between aromatic and non-aromatic genotypes. The study used the genetic materials that have been classified as aromatic and non-aromatic genotypes based on sensory characteristics. The six aromatic cocoa genotypes, including DR 2, ICCRI 03, ICCRI 07, ICCRI 09, TSH 858, and MCC 02, and four non-aromatic cocoa genotypes consisting of Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, KW 516, and KEE 02 were used. The results showed that the non-volatile compounds influenced the cocoa flavor both taste and aroma. There were differences in the content of non-volatile compounds in aromatic and non-aromatic genotypes. The fermentation index, carbohydrate, and polyphenol content of the aromatic genotypes were higher than the non-aromatic group. The fermentation index showed an important indicator of the flavor precursor development of cocoa beans. Polyphenol compounds have a contribution to bitter and astringent taste. The carbohydrate and theobromine content influenced the strength of the fine aroma, such as fresh fruit, browned fruit, woody, and spicy.

Flavor is a critical quality of cacao beans and is significantly influenced by the genotype. Relying solely on sensory evaluation to describe the complex flavors of different cacao genotypes is insufficient because of the reliance on human expertise and the need for robust validation. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of flavor quality in different cacao genotypes by investigating the correlation between sensory attributes and metabolite profiles using metabolomics-based approach and sensory analysis. Cacao genotypes can be categorized based on their sensory attributes and metabolite profiles. The ICCRI09-genotype exhibited outstanding flavors, which were significantly associated with non-volatile and volatile compounds (e.g. Organic acids, some sugars, 3-methylbutanal, 2,3-butanediol, benzaldehyde, linalool, trans-linalool oxide, isobutyl acetate, etc.) (P < 0.05). In contrast, theobromine, epicatechin, and catechin, which are linked to bitterness and astringency, were abundant in KW516-Forastero. These findings have significant implications and provide a scientific basis for authenticating the high flavor quality of cacao.

Fine-flavored cocoa is generally characterized by fresh bean color and sensory characteristics. However, these methods cannot be applied to progenies/hybrids because their colors may vary depending on their parents. Additionally, sensory evaluation lacks universal quality standards, necessitating robust complementary characterization methods. This study aimed to characterize the fine-flavor cacao in parent-hybrid combinations using widely targeted Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and bean phenotype analysis. Fine-flavored cacao exhibits white-bean characteristics and a lighter color than forastero. Conversely, the hybrids displayed varying percentages of fresh bean color. Caffeine and organic acids (malic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid) were found to correspond to the characteristics of fine-flavored cacao. Each parent-hybrid combination demonstrated distinct flavor characteristics, with the ICCRI03-hybrid emerging as a promising clone, exhibiting flavor characteristics similar to those of its female parent (fine-flavor cacao). This information on flavor characteristics will be beneficial for further fine-flavored cacao selection.

Vascular streak dieback is a major disease in cocoa trees that affects at in various stages, and effect in significant yield losses. This study aimed to identify the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), infection rate (r), and the influence of weather factors on the development of vascular streak dieback disease caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae in some cocoa clones with different resistant levels. The research used a randomized complete block design consisted six clones as treatment and each treatment consisted of three replications. Disease severity was observed on six different cocoa clones and observations were conducted monthly. The observation of disease severity was observed monthly for 12 months and then used to analyze AUDPC and infection rate. Monthly data on the weather conditions were taken from the climatology station of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Center, East Java. The results showed that Sulawesi 01 and ICCRI 09, categorized as resistant clones, showed low AUDPC values, 0.02 and 2.85 respectively. The cocoa clones Sulawesi 02 and MCC 02, categorized as tolerant clones, had higher AUDPC values, 19.87 and 34.27 respectively. The cocoa clones BCL and BL 50 showed the highest AUDPC values, 277.05 and 265.70 respectively. Path analysis on resistant clones indicated that rainfall is the most influential weather factor in increasing the severity of vascular streak dieback, followed by temperature. Higher relative humidity can significantly reduce disease severity, while sunlight and wind speed have smaller effects. In contrast, path analysis on susceptible clones showed that temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and wind speed all positively influence the severity of vascular streak dieback. At the same time, sunlight has a mitigating effect.

The tolerant seedlings are determined by their physiological and biochemical responses. This study aimed to determine stomatal density, relative water content, and proline in prope legitimate seedlings under drought stress. The research was carried out at the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Center in July 2018 – February 2019, arranged in a randomized split-plot experimental design with six replications. The main plot was soil moisture content, and the sub-plot was the cocoa prope legitimate seedlings. The differences of mean values were tested using analysis of variance, followed by the DMRT and T-student test at 5 % level, analysis of the relative decrease in stomatal density and relative water content, proline content ratio, and the dendrogram analysis. The results showed that the cocoa seedlings under drought experienced significant changes in relative water and proline content but not stomatal density. Drought decreased in the relative water content of 50% and increased proline content in the seedlings. The relative water and proline content divided the prope legitimate seedlings into two groups. The prope legitimate seedlings from KW 516, KW 641, Scavina 06, KKM 22, KW 617, and ICCRI 03 clones were drought-tolerant.

The non-aromatic genotypes are known to possess the capacity to produce aromatic cocoa beans when planted in strategic environments with specified soil compositions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify genetic responses to the flavor of cocoa beans in different growing environments. A total of three superior cocoa clones, namely the aromatic (MCC 02) and non-aromatic genotypes (Sulawesi 1 and Sulawesi 2), were used. A completely randomized block design was utilized with three replications at four locations with different agro-climatic types, including Jember in East Java (dry area, low land), Pringsewu (dry area, low land), Pesawaran (wet area, medium land) in Lampung, and Soppeng in South Sulawesi (dry area, medium land), which served as the control location of FFC producers. Additionally, the sensory properties were assessed by three trained and certified panelists. The results showed that both genetic and environmental factors significantly influenced the flavor characteristics of Indonesian cocoa beans. Non-aromatic genotypes cultivated in Pesawaran and Soppeng demonstrated the ability to produce aromatic beans. Significant differences were observed in the volatile characteristics of aromatic and non-aromatic genotypes. Compounds such as alkaloids, pyrazine, and alcohol dominated cocoa beans produced in the aromatic group, while non-aromatic genotypes were dominated by terpenoids. Variations in elements and soil conditions contributed to the changes in the sensory characteristics of cocoa beans, ultimately leading to aromatic characteristics.

Peningkatan Pemantauan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Daerah (PWS-KIA) dan pelaporan yang dilakukan bidan desa setiap bulan ke Puskesmas di Kecamatan Gunungsindur yang meliputi 6 desa dan 64 Posyandu, diperlukan aplikasi berbasis android yang dapat menghitung indikator PWS KIA dan menampilkan laporan yang dibutuhkan oleh bidan desa. Perancangan aplikasi SIMPEL BEDA dibuat dengan pendekatan model Waterfall, perancangan database dimulai dari proses normalisasi data yang diperoleh dari masing-masing Posyandu dan Puskesmas di tingkat Kecamatan. Penulisan kode program menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Kotlin dan XML dengan aplikasi Android Studio, pengujian fungsional aplikasi dilakukan dalam Black Box dengan metode Boundary Value Analysis (BVA). Perhitungan masing-masing indikator PWS KIA telah diimplementasikan pada aplikasi SIMPEL BEDA sehingga diperoleh hasil perhitungan dalam laporan bulanan PWS KIA. Aplikasi SIMPEL BEDA dapat digunakan oleh kader dan bidan desa untuk mencetak atau mengirimkan laporan dalam bentuk digital ke puskesmas dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik berdasarkan bulan dan tahun dalam format pdf yang dapat diunduh. Increased Monitoring of Local Areas for Maternal and Child Health (PWS-KIA) and reporting carried out by village midwives every month to Puskesmas in Gunungsindur District which includes 6 villages and 64 Posyandu, an android-based application is needed that can calculate PWS KIA indicators and displays the reports required by the village midwife. The design of the SIMPEL BEDA application is made using the Waterfall model approach, database design starts from the process of normalizing the data obtained from each Posyandu and Puskesmas at the District level. Writing program code using the Kotlin programming language and XML with the Android Studio application, functional testing of the application is carried out in Black Box with the Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) method. The calculation of each PWS KIA indicator has been implemented in the SIMPEL BEDA application so that the calculation results are obtained in the PWS KIA monthly report. The SIMPEL BEDA application can be used by cadres and village midwives to print or send reports in digital form to the puskesmas in the form of tables and graphs based on month and year in pdf format that can be downloaded.

Flavor is one of the most essential indicators for determining the quality of cocoa beans, especially fine flavor cocoa. The volatile compound in the beans affect the mechanism the flavor emergence. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the volatile compound in the aromatic and non-aromatic cocoa groups as one of FFCs indicator. It was conducted at the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, the genetic material used consisted of six aromatic cocoa genotypes, such as DR 2, ICCRI 03, ICCRI 07, ICCRI 09, MCC 02, and TSH 858 as well as four non-aromatic genotypes such as Sulawesi1, Sulawesi 2, KW 516, and KEE 2. A completely randomized block design (RCBD) was used with three repetitions. The fermented bean samples of each genotype were analyzed of volatile compound at the Food and Science Laboratory, Jember Polytechnic, East Java and sensory test was conducted by three certified panelists from ICCRI. Data were analyzed by orthogonal contrast analysis with IRRI's STAR 2.0.1 software. While the Microsoft Excel 2019 and R Studio were used for correlation analysis and heatmaps. The results showed aldehydes, acids, esters, pyrroles, and pyrazines of aromatic cocoa bean group higher than the non-aromatic. The alanine and terpenoid compounds was only found in clones DR 2 and ICCRI 03, while the alcohol and phenol compounds dominated in the non-aromatic group. Genotypes were grouped into six groups, based on flavor and volatile compound. ICCRI 09 characterized by strong acidity with a fresh fruit, spicy and sweet aroma as well as containsed aldehydes. Furthermore, ICCRI 03, MCC 02, and TSH 858 bean had weaker acidity and aroma than ICCRI 09 and contain terpenoids. ICCRI 07 had a nutty and woody aroma and was dominated by furan and pyrazine compounds. While Sulawesi 1 had a putrid aroma and alkaloids. The genotype groups of KW 516, KEE2, and Sulawesi 2 had astringent taste, dirty/dusty and moldy aroma as well as contained alcohol and phenol. Keywords: Aromatic; Flavor; Non-aromatic; Theobroma cacao L; Volatile compounds

Fat and polyphenols are functional compounds in cocoa beans that determine product quality and are highly influenced by environmental factors. Information regarding the stability of the character of the polyphenol and fat content of the cocoa plant is still limited, therefore it needs further study. This study aimed to determine the stability of fat and polyphenol content in several cocoa clones at three different growing locations. The study used a nested design with a randomized block design with field design consisting of five cocoa clones, three different growing locations and each combnation treatment was repeated three times. The cocoa clones used were ICCRI 09, MCC 02, Sulawesi 1, KW 516, and KW 562, planted in three different growing locations namely, Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, East Java; Sekampung Udik, East Lampung, Lampung; and Harapan Jaya, Pesawaran, Lampung. The combined analysis of variance indicated that there was a genetic interaction with the environment for the character of fat and polyphenol content. Based on the stability analysis, it is known that all cocoa clones fall into the stable category according to the concept of static stability. Furthermore, based on addtive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, the clones that can be recommended for Jember, East Lampung and Pesawaran locations for the character of fat content are clone KW 516, while for the characters of high and stable polyphenol levels at the three locations are clones MCC 02, KW 516, and KW 562. In addition, the most recommended clone based on fat content at Jember was the MCC 02 clone, KW 562 at East Lampung, and KW 516 clone at Pesawaran. The existence of the phenomenon of genetic interaction and the growing environment for the characters of fat and polyphenols in cocoa plants provides important information, especially in considering the development of cocoa for specific purposes, namely parameters of fat and polyphenols.

We aimed to investigate variation in growth, biomass, macro-nutrient uptake, and nitrogen (N) use efficiency indices of cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) scion clones under two different nitrogen conditions. Ten clones were top-grafted onto 4-month-old rootstocks clone MCC 02. Each seedling received either 0 or 4.6 g of nitrogen applied as urea fertilizer. The design was arranged as a two-factor experiment with four replicates in a factorial randomized block design. We measured stem diameter, biomass, nutrient concentration, and calculated nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), agronomic efficiency (AE), apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR), and physiological efficiency (PE). We found that clones significantly affected stem diameter and shoot biomass of both rootstocks and scions. Clones differed in root magnesium (Mg) and shoot calcium (Ca) concentration, root N, and shoot Mg uptake. Furthermore, a significant clone effect was observed on ANR, with local clones showing higher ANR than introduced clones. Nitrogen application significantly improved stem diameter and biomass. Compared to unfertilized plants, a significantly higher N concentration was observed in roots, resulting in higher N uptake in both roots and shoots. Nitrogen application increased shoot Ca concentration and uptake but decreased shoot phosphorus (P) and Mg concentrations. Our results suggest genotypic variability in nitrogen uptake efficiency in clonal cocoa. Clones with high nitrogen uptake efficiency are valuable genetic resources for breeding cocoa clones that efficiently use available N and, therefore, grow better under N-deficient conditions.

Indonesia kaya dengan berbagai macam tanaman diantaranya buah pisang yang mempunyai beragam jenis. Untuk mengetahui tingkat kematangan pada suatu jenis pisang biasanya dilihat dari warna, akan tetapi karena faktor usia dan kelelahan dari para petani biasanya sering terjadi kesalahan pada saat pengukuran akurasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi jenis pisang berdasarkan citra warna dengan menggunakan algoritma Support Vector Machine (SVM). Data yang digunakan adalah citra pisang dengan total 1256, yang diklasifikasi menjadi 2 jenis pisang, Pisang ambon dan Pisang lady finger. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini ditunjukan oleh confusion matrix dengan nilai True Positive (TP) = 0,82 dan False Positive (FP)= 0,18. serta False Negative (FN) = 0,02 dan True Negative (TN) = 0,98. Dari nilai yang ditunjukan oleh confusion matrix dapat diartikan bahwa algoritma SVM cukup baik digunakan dalam mengklasifikasi jenis pisang sehingga dapat memberikan jaminan mutu atas produk yang dihasilkan oleh petani.

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most required nutrients in cocoa production. Unlike in many other crops, there is limited knowledge on genotypic variation in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in clonal cocoa. We therefore evaluated the effect of nitrogen application on cocoa NUE in 10 clonal cocoa scions that were top-grafted on 4-month old rootstock seedlings of cocoa clone MCC 02. Grafted seedlings received either 0 or 2.3 g/plant of N at the beginning of the experiment, which lasted for five months and was arranged in a nursery of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) in Jember, Indonesia. A factorial randomized block design was used with four replications. We found that clones significantly affected rootstock stem diameter and dry biomass both in roots and shoots. Nitrogen application decreased rootstock stem diameter and root biomass but increased shoot-root ratio. Following the N application, we observed significantly higher N concentration and uptake both in roots and shoots. This higher N concentration and uptake contributed to significantly lower NUE in both roots and shoots. We did not observe clonal differences in N concentration, uptake, NUE in either roots or shoots and ANR (Apparent Nitrogen Recovery). Nitrogen application influenced P, K, Mg, and Ca uptake in both roots and shoots. There was a clonal effect on P, K and Mg uptake and on P and Mg use efficiency in both roots and shoots. This implies that the studied clones vary in their P and Mg nutrient use efficiency but not in NUE.

Clonal cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seedlings are used in national rejuvenation programs for cocoa farmers in Indonesia. However, the effects of nitrogen fertilization in clonal cocoa are poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of clones and nitrogen addition to the soil on macro-nutrient concentration and uptake by young seedlings. Ten different clonal cocoa seedlings were grown for five months in pots and arranged in a nursery of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia. Each clone received two N treatments (0 and 2.3 g N applied at the beginning of the experiment). A factorial randomized block design was used with four replications. Plant tissue macro-nutrient concentration and uptake were investigated. We found a significant (P<0.05) clonal effect on P, K, and Mg concentration in the shoots. Clones also significantly (P<0.05) affected root P and Mg uptake as well as shoot Mg uptake. N treatments resulted in a significant (P<0.001) increase in N and Ca concentrations in both roots and shoots. However, the N treatment significantly (P<0.001) reduced root P, shoot P and shoot Mg levels. Overall, root uptake of N, Mg and Ca significantly (P<0.001) increased as a result of the N treatment. Similarly, shoot uptake of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca were significantly higher (P<0.001) in plants that had received N compared to those that had not. However, root P uptake was significantly (P<0.05) lower in plants with N compared to plants without N. The significant clone effects in P, K and Mg uptake in this study suggests a genotypic variability in macronutrient uptake by cocoa seedlings. N fertilization has significant effects on the macronutrient uptake of cocoa seedlings.

Vascular streak dieback (VSD) is one of the main diseases on cocoa that can cause a decrease in production and even death on susceptible plants. The use of selection criteria is very important in the selection process at the seedling phase, young plants and even mature plants in order to support the breeding process of resistant varieties. The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of flush including flush color, stomata characters and duration of flush color change to green or towards mature leaves as one of the selection indicators for VSD resistance in cocoa. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, Indonesia. Study of flush color and stomata characters was conducted using a randomized complete block design consisting of four cocoa genotypes with different levels of resistance, classified as resistant to VSD disease (Sulawesi 1, PNT 16) and as susceptible (BCL and BL 50). Each clone was repeated three times and each replication consisted of three plant samples. Flush color duration study was carried out on six cocoa genotypes as treatments, three genotypes with resistant to VSD (PNT 16, Scavina 12, Sulawesi 1) and three genotypes as susceptible to VSD (BL 50, BCL, Criollo 22). Each treatment was repeated three times and each replication consisted of three plant samples. The results showed that the resistant genotypes showed a tendency to have lower chlorophyll and anthocyanin content than the susceptible ones. The stomata character in the resistant genotypes was not different than the susceptible ones, however, the resistant genotype showed that the stomata density at flush tended to be lower. The duration of flush color change to mature leaves (green) in resistant genotypes was significantly faster than susceptible genotypes.

The genetic purity of a plant indicates the similarity properties between seedlings in the field and the description of the plant in the database. Identifying plant purity through a morphological approach has several drawbacks, including time efficiency and environmental factors, and the diversity is limited and inconsistent. This condition encourages the development of detection methods using DNA molecular markers. Plant identification through fingerprinting or the use of molecular markers has not been widely carried out on a commercial scale, considering the investment costs for this analysis are still quite expensive. Another method used for plant identification through DNA Barcoding by comparing variations between DNA sequences. The primers used to identify barcodes on cocoa were derived from the chloroplast genome, including rbcL and matK. This research aims to see the consistency of the rbcL primer when applied to other cocoa clones, and the analysis of the polymorphic diversity of each cocoa clone using DNA fingerprinting RAPD. This method will be tested on clones of Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, ICCRI 03, and ICCRI 09, which were propagated by SE and mother plants in the field using cocoa leaf samples. The stages include DNA extraction, sequencing, and analysis of the sequencing results. The results of seedlings uniformity analysis using DNA barcoding on cocoa plants produced from in vitro propagation showed that the multiplied seeds did not show any difference in sequence with the parent plant (DR2, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and ICCRI 09). The analysis of the diversity of cocoa clones DR 2, MCC 2, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and ICCRI 09 through DNA Fingerprinting RAPD showed that the OPA 15 primer produced a more apparent polymorphic band than the other three primers (OPP 08, OPW 11, and M 29).

The textile industry is an industry that produces various fibers, yarns, fabrics, textile apparel, knitted apparel, textile finished goods, and knitted finished goods. One that affects the development of the textile industry is the procurement process in the supply chain system. Supply Chain Management. (SCM) is a network of companies that work together to create and deliver a product to consumers. Some of the constraints of the supply process that often appear these days are delays in the supply of raw materials. To help solve these problems, the construction of SCM information systems in the textile industry was carried out. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. By comparing previous research sources, the study offers a design of the SCM model. The results showed the design model of SCM information systems in the textile industry that helps communicate data and information from various lines.

Cocoa seeds are recalcitrant with some problems in their storage system due to lack of dormancy period. This study aimed to find out the effect of cocoa pod storage in two different temperatures and the storage period towards seed viability and growth of the seedlings. This study applied a split-plot design with storage temperature as main plot and storage period as sub-plot. Cocoa pods of Sulawesi-1 clone were harvested and stored at 20ºC and 29ºC for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days. The stored cocoa seeds were then sown for three months. The findings showed that the storage of cocoa pods at 20ºC for 30 days causing the seed water content was 45%, the growth of the seedlings after the storage was 98.7%, and could press the pod shrinkage (1.6%). The storage of cocoa pods at 29ºC for 30 days could accelerate the reduction process by 68.2%, decreased germination of seeds up to 83.4%, and reduced the water content by 44.2%. The pod storage at 20ºC for 30 days showed a high value in some aspects such as seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area, seedling fresh weight, and shoot/root ratio. The storage of pods at 29ºC for 14 days indicated a high score in the character of germination, seedling height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of seedlings. The storage of pods at room temperature could be conducted for 14 days, meanwhile, at controlled temperature, it could be conducted for 30 days

Abstract This research was conducted to determine the genetic variation in Trinitario cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) accessions obtained from exploration and selection in Lampung Province, named HJ1, HJ2, HJ3, and HJ4, and the earlier Trinitario cocoa accession, named DR2. Identification was performed by comparing the DNA sequence of the matK region in the chloroplast genome. Genomic DNA isolation was performed with samples of old and fresh cocoa leaves. Amplification was conducted using two different primers Mac 02 (872 bp) and Mac 09 (1,153 bp). The sequencing results obtained indicated genetic variation in accession HJ3 amplified using the Mac 09 primer. A dendrogram constructed using the UPGMA method showed that the cocoa accessions from the exploration and selection group (HJ1, HJ2, HJ3, and HJ4) were grouped into one cluster and that DR2 was more ancient than the other four cocoa accessions.

Seedling is often used as planting material and rootstock for clonal propagation in cocoa. Seedling as cocoa planting material came form superior parents or crosses of superior parents. The research aimed to estimate the genetic components of cocoa morphological characters using the North Carolina II mating design. Three female parent genotypes, namely KW 516, Sulawesi 3, and TSH 858, were crossed with two male parent genotypes, namely ICCRI 09 and Scavina 6. Observed variables consisted of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, root volume, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, root:shoot ratio at 16 weeks after showing. General combining ability (GCA) value showed Sulawesi 3 as the best female parent, and Scavina 6 as the best male parent. Specific combining ability (SCA) values showed TSH 858 x Scavina 6, KW 516 x ICCRI 09, and Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 as the best crosses. Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 seedlings had good vigor and met the criteria for transplanting. Cocoa morphological characters were affected by dominant gene action except for root volume. Keywords: seedling, North Carolina II, general combining ability, specific combining ability