This paper presents the development of advanced Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithms based on newly formulated mathematical models, aimed at controlling the switching states of multilevel cascaded inverters. The proposed control scheme introduces a generalized layer-based decomposition methodology with any number of levels n. By leveraging this hierarchical framework, the method achieves a substantial reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), lowering it from approximately 50% to below 10%, and ensuring the generation of high-quality, near-sinusoidal output waveforms. These algorithms are integrated into an electric traction system powered by photovoltaic energy sources. The actuator used in this chain is an induction motor controlled in a vector manner. The layered structure allows the systematic identification of all possible vectors per layer, the determination of redundant vectors, and the classification of distinct and equivalent switching states across the entire modulation space. A dedicated coding system assigns a unique identifier to each vector, allowing efficient tracking of corresponding redundant vectors on the layers. This redundancy management framework improves modulation flexibility and allows a transition between equivalent states. Moreover, the process of decomposition of a global reference voltage into its multilevel components is addressed by the analytical determination of amplitudes and transition angles. This contributes to a computationally efficient, modular modulation structure that significantly reduces implementation complexity and enables real-time application. The proposed algorithms have been validated by complete simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results demonstrate superior performance in terms of output waveform quality, harmonic suppression, and switching loss reduction, highlighting the appropriateness of the approach for high-efficiency traction systems based on renewable energies.

This study focuses on analyzing a photovoltaic system for energy production and its integration into the grid. Take into account the key grid parameters, including frequency, three-phase system symmetry, and voltage waveforms. Non-sinusoidal voltages can cause interference that affects the operation of networked equipment. To address this issue, a three-phase five-level neutral-point-clamped inverter is incorporated into the system, utilizing the space vector pulse width modulation technique for control. The control strategy of the converter is presented in detail. The study was carried out utilizing Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation outcomes demonstrate the efficiency of this control approach for renewable energy applications.

This paper outlines the design of a predictive controller combined with an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)-type controller to enhance the dynamic performance of the induction motor powered by a nine-level converter. The predictive control law proposed is derived from the Poisson Laguerre model, based on predictive control. The motor is controlled using indirect field-oriented control, both with and without a speed sensor. For speed estimation, the Luenberger observer of order 4 is used. The predictive method utilized allows for the dynamic adjustment of control parameters based on those of the induction motor. The paper aims to eliminate internal and external disturbances and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) through the use of a Nine-level cascaded H-bridge inverter. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) signals are generated using the logic of hexagon decomposition. The SVPWM method operates by decomposing higher-level hexagons into multiple two-level hexagons. The Poisson-Laguerre model (PLM) is also compared with the ADRC and the proportional-integral (PI) control. Simulations with MATLAB/SIMULINK software for an induction motor are performed to test the performance of each controller and the validity of the observer.

This paper proposes the analysis and implementation of a nonlinear backstepping controller to regulate the current in Grid-tied five-level inverter system via an LCL filter. Designing a robust regulator for nonlinear systems is often a challenging task in control theory. The study addresses the challenges of enhancing the performance of the conversion system by selecting appropriate regulated variables and ensures synchronization between the signals of the grid and the five-level inverter. Additionally, it includes a grid current control using the backstepping control method. This method is based on the Lyapunov stability approach, involves switching a five-level inverter with high-frequency modulation, and employs Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation as the selected modulation strategy. The proposed system configuration and the implementation of the backstepping control method are discussed step-by-step to ensure the efficiency of the system analysis. Simulation results in the MATLAB/Simulink environment validate the theoretical analysis. The nonlinear backstepping controller demonstrates excellent performance in tracking reference signals and responds to abrupt changes in the reference, highlighting its effectiveness for current control in grid-connected inverter systems.

This paper offers a system for an electric vehicle. It consists of digitally controlling an induction motor without using a speed sensor. The machine is powered by a five-level cascading H-bridge inverter. The SVM control principle is used to manage the status of the five-level inverter; this removes harmonics. The H-bridge inverter converter is powered by photovoltaic sources via a serial converter, using the maximum power point tracker control principle. This structure can also reduce shading losses. In the absence of a mechanical sensor, a dynamic model of the asynchronous machine is utilized with the state variables defined in the stator reference frame. The state vector consists of the components of the rotor flux and stator current. The article provides a comparison of two methods widely used on an induction motor drive. The adaptive model-reference system method and Luenberger observer are evaluated using an active control strategy to reject disturbances to minimize the impact of disturbances. The operating principles of each method are described, and the mathematical models of training systems are developed. Both methods provide a promise for high-speed estimate applications in simulation environments. The simulation results obtained show the correct operation of both observers. Perfect decoupling between the velocity and flow control loops is observed, taking into account any disturbances that may affect the system.

This paper presents the analysis, design, and simulation of a power system composed of a grid-tied single-phase five-level inverter with an LCL filter. First, the analysis of the proposed system has been carried out in the decoupled Direct-Quadrature frame, where the Phase-Lock-Loop technique has been used for synchronizing the LCL-filter-connected-grid with the five-level inverter. Next, the design of the LCL filter has been discussed. In this paper, we focused on the active power control based on grid current adjustment using a proportional-integral regulator and a high-frequency modulation technique for the switching of a five-level inverter, where the Sinusoidal-Pulse-Width-Modulation technique is selected. All circuit design and control schemes are discussed step by step to provide the effectiveness of the system analysis. The theoretical analysis is verified through simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink environments. An important finding when using the five-level inverter in a grid-connect system is improving the system output voltage; the total standing voltage and the total harmonic distortion are decreased compared to a conventional H-bridge inverter. The results indicate that the total harmonic distortion of grid-current is less than 0.2%, which is according to the international standards.

The goal of this study was to figure out how to regulate an induction motor in a hybrid electric vehicle. Conventional combined vector and direct control induction motors take advantage of the advantages of vector control and direct torque control. It is also a method that avoids some of the difficulties in implementing both of the two control methods. However, for this method of control, the statoric current has a great wealth of harmonic components which, unfortunately, results in a strong undulation of the torque regardless of the region speed. To solve this problem, a five-level neutral point clamped inverter was used. Through multilevel inverter operation, the voltage is closer to the sine wave. The speed and torque are then successfully controlled with a lower level of ripple in the torque response which improves system performance. The analysis of this study was verified with simulation in the MATLAB/Simulink interface. The simulation results demonstrate the high performance of this control strategy.

Grid-connected photovoltaic systems have become the most important and popular use of the solar energy. In this paper, a photovoltaic system connected to a three-phase network is presented. The system is connected in a single step using a five-stage voltage source inverter to improve the quality of the power in the distribution system. The control strategy applied for the optimal operation of the photovoltaic system is based on the theory of instantaneous reactive power. This strategy is simple and has the advantage of running the system all day without using Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). The multilevel inverter switching signals are derived from the Pulse Width Modulated Current Controller, which provides good dynamic performance in both steady state and transient conditions. The voltage of the continuous bus capacitors is controlled using the PI controller. The validation of this proposed system is carried out through simulation with different levels of irradiations and by a comparison with the performance of a two-level inverter used in the original configuration. This specific configuration shows good results regarding the waveforms of the voltages and the output currents as well as the level of the quality of the energy represented in this paper by the THD parameter that has been studied in comparison with the two-level converter.

This work consists in developing a method for the non-linear control of a variable speed wind turbine system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for power generation injected in grid. Objective of backstepping control is to improve performance of conversion system with choice of appropriate regulated variables. PMSG is connected to grid via back-to-back voltage sources converters (BtB VSCs), consisting of a two-stage rectifier and a five-stage NPC inverter, operated by Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). In control system of generator-side converters Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm has been employed. Firstly, modelling of wind turbine system has been discussed. Thereafter, the control schemes detailed description based on Backstepping Control (BSC) for control of generator and grid-side converters based on Lyapunov stability technique has been described. Furthermore, the dc-bus is regulated using BSC. A prototype is tested under varying wind conditions. The present work has been treated using the Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results proved good performance of proposed methods of BSC.

In this paper, a robust vector control sensorless based on three Active Disturbance Rejection Controllers (ADRC) for an induction motor fed by a five-level cascaded H-bridge was developed. The estimation of rotor position is achieved using a Luenberger estimator. The proposed model considers the disturbances and the inaccuracies of the system and compensates them using the extended state observer of ADRC. Moreover, a five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter is the best topology to minimize the torque ripples and to improve the current output of IMunder control. The suggested control system was simulated under different conditions using MATLAB-Simulink. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed system against disturbances such as variations of parameters and load torque.

This paper proposes a Space Vector Modulation for a five level inverter in an indirect vector control of induction motor. Due to their numerous benefits, five-level inverters are becoming more attractive. They generate high quality of the output voltage,offer a reduction in harmonic distortion and they make the system more efficient. The cascaded H-Bridge inverter is chosen in the indirect vector because it needs fewer number of components compared to other topologies of multilevel inverter. Therefore, less cost and complexity. The implementation of space vector control for this five-level inverter is used to improve the system and to compensate the distortion of harmonics. Morever, it can be implemented on any digital signal processor. The simulation results of this proposed system is realized with Matlab/Simulink. The results prove the excellent performance of the proposed system. They show a good response with a minimum of total harmonic distortion.

This work covers the study of a variable speed wind turbine chain using a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) to produce energy injected into a grid. The characteristic parameters of the grid are frequency, the symmetry of the three-phase system and voltage waveform. When the output voltage wave is not sinusoidal, disturbances can affect the proper performance of the equipment connected to the grid. Therefore, to overcome this problem, we have integrated into this chain a back to back converter made up of a two-level rectifier and a five-level inverter NPC that are controlled by the SVPWM technique. The converter control strategy is detailed. This study was handled under the Matlab/Simulink interface. The simulation results demonstrate the high performance of this control strategy in renewable energy applications: reduction of total harmonic distortion and increase in power factor.

This paper, present a work on indirect field oriented control of an asynchronous machine fed by a multi-level inverter with using adjustment mechanisms for estimating the rotation speed, the stator resistance and the rotor resistance. In the absence of the speed sensor, we use a MRAS (Model reference adaptive system) observer to estimate the mechanical speed. In the MRAS method, the magnetizing current of the adaptive model is compared with that of the reference model. The rotor speed, the stator and rotor resistances are estimated from the magnetizing currents difference of the two models using adequate adaptive mechanism. The choice of this Observer is due to its simplicity, less computation time and good stability. For the choice of multi-level converter, we use five-level cascaded H-bridge inverters to feed the induction motor. This multi-level converter allows to obtain a greater number of output voltage levels with a very acceptable harmonic spectrum. The present approach (IFOC, MCHI and MRAS) helps to achieve a good dynamic response at low speed with reduction of total harmonic distortion. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method with consideration of variation in thermal parameters.

Within the framework of this paper, the authors present a work on the digital control of an induction motor fed by a Five-level Cascaded H-bridge Inverter (FCHI) using an Indirect Field-Oriented Control (IFOC). The output voltages of cascaded-boost-converters are applied to the Multi-level cascaded H-bridge inverter. The DC output from the PV panel is boosted using cascaded-boost- converters. Actually, (FCHI) is suitable with the use of PV sources. It is generally used to train high-power asynchronous motors and drives machines that run at high speed. The advantage of a cascaded inverter is the flexibility of the circuit arrangement. In addition to this, adding clamped diodes or voltage balancing capacitors is not necessary. Indirect Vector Control is developed for this power scheme and a decoupled switching algorithm is used to implement PWM. A boost converter initially appears to be most promising for a series connected integrated dc–dc converter. This structure, which is controlled by MPPT, can also decrease losses by shading. The Perturb and Observe algorithm is used to extract maximum power from the PV. Design procedure and control strategy are presented in details. The results are observed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.