The dielectric measurements have been executed by making the use of time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique for 1-pentanol and ethanol in the pure form and for their binary liquid mixture in the frequency interim of 10 MHz-50 GHz at varying temperatures, respectively. The complex permittivity spectra studied show Debye behaviour and plotted as the function of frequency. The temperature-dependent dielectric constant and relaxation time values were estimated. The Kirkwood correlation factor (g (eff)) has also been studied to determine the alignment of dipole moments in mixture. The thermodynamic parameters and temperature-dependent behaviour of relaxation time, i.e. Arrhenius plot, have been studied.

Diffusion controlled pattern formation is one of the important phenomena in nature. The dendritic crystal growth, viscous fingering, electrodeposition, and diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) have received the most of the attention. One of the fundamental ways in which the dendritic pattern that is fractal is grown is electrodeposition. DLA and patterns developed as a result of DLA are often found in various processes in physical sciences, chemical sciences, and engineering. The dendritic pattern in the Electrodeposition of nickel from nickel chloride solution is presented at different cell operating temperatures. Dendritic patterns obtained under different cell operating conditions and their characterization are presented and analyzed. DLA-like conditions govern dendritic metal deposition using electrodeposition from electrolyte solutions. It was observed that nickel dendrites are not developed under electrodeposition using circular cell geometry, because the DLA-like conditions required for the growth of branching patterns cannot be realized at room temperature for nickel chloride solution. Therefore, the study of the electrodeposition of nickel from nickel chloride solution at different temperatures is presented in this paper. The fractal dimension of the pattern obtained in different growth is also given. The dendritic patterns developed show self-similarity and scale invariance, details are presented and findings discussed. To study the nature of material deposited in DLA-like conditions scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of images were analyzed. To study the particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD) of material deposited is also analyzed and presented in the same work.

Complex permittivity in terms of dielectric constant (ε') and dielectric loss (ε") of medicinal compound paracetamol in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent was determined with different weight fractions at microwave frequency 9.85 GHz at constant temperature 27 °C.The information on dielectric properties is related to the properties of the substance for preparation of granules while making dosage forms like tablets and capsules.Refractive index (nD), dielectricconstant (ε') and dielectric loss (ε") were used for the measurement of relaxation time (τ).The viscosity (η) and density of paracetamol in DMSO were determined using a conventional Ostwald's viscometer and specific gravity bottle respectively.The aim of the present work was to study the dielectric properties of the drugs and attempted to determine their correlations with density and viscosity to understand the behavior of the dielectric properties under different conditions like a concentration in solution.It was observed that there was a strong correlation of dielectric properties like dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric relaxation time with viscosity and density.The absolute values of correlation coefficient (R) were in the range of 0.946 to 0.987 for paracetamol-DMSO system, indicating a strong correlation.

Study of dielectric properties of medicinal compounds is useful for pharmaceutical industries for design, development, and modification of dosage-form. In view of this, we selected five different medicinal compounds of importance in medicine to study their dielectric properties in terms of dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and tangent loss. We used the LCR-Q meter (impedance analyzer model IM3570) for the determination of dielectric properties. Drugs were procured (A R Grade) in powder form for making Pallets. The findings in terms of the measured values of dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and tangent loss at different frequencies are presented in graphical form and result discussed.

Objective: Black plum seed has unique medicinal value and used as antidiabetics, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the extracts of black plum seed obtained using solvent extraction with hexane as a solvent is used to attempt the identification of prominent components. Results: Black plum seed extract is obtained by solvent extraction technique using Soxhlet extractor. A total of 10 compounds are predicted in black plum seed extract by GC-MS analysis. Conclusion: The work presented relates to the study of GC-MS analysis of the extract of black plum seed obtained using solvent extraction with hexane as a solvent. Of ten compounds of black plum seed extract, five compounds are known to have antimicrobial properties.

We present detailed experimental technique for the determination of dielectric constant (ε’) and the dielectric loss (ε”) for low loss liquids using microwave bench with plunger and coupler. The basic principle is the reflectometric analysis. The study presented here includes non-polar liquids are benzene and carbon tetrachloride. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of few selected liquids have been measured using microwave frequency 9.8 GHz and findings presented.

Electrodeposition of lead in the form of dendritic patterns is studied using circular cell geometry and the electrolyte used is lead acetate solution.The electrodeposits so obtained have crystalline appearance and the deposits are in the form of wide leaves with secondary and tertiary branches at the characteristic angles in accordance with the crystal structure. The growth of electrodeposits and the shape and branching pattern gets modified as the size of the deposit increase and branches tend to approach outer anode. Characterization of selected dendritic patterns in terms of fractal dimensions is presented.  It is shown that electrodeposits of lead obtained from lead acetate solution possess self similarity and scale invariance and have fractal character. Comparison of electrodeposits at two different cell operating voltages and two different electrolyte concentrations is discussed using the concept of fractals and fractal dimension.