Diffusion controlled pattern formation is one of the important phenomena in nature. The dendritic crystal growth, viscous fingering, electrodeposition, and diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) have received the most of the attention. One of the fundamental ways in which the dendritic pattern that is fractal is grown is electrodeposition. DLA and patterns developed as a result of DLA are often found in various processes in physical sciences, chemical sciences, and engineering. The dendritic pattern in the Electrodeposition of nickel from nickel chloride solution is presented at different cell operating temperatures. Dendritic patterns obtained under different cell operating conditions and their characterization are presented and analyzed. DLA-like conditions govern dendritic metal deposition using electrodeposition from electrolyte solutions. It was observed that nickel dendrites are not developed under electrodeposition using circular cell geometry, because the DLA-like conditions required for the growth of branching patterns cannot be realized at room temperature for nickel chloride solution. Therefore, the study of the electrodeposition of nickel from nickel chloride solution at different temperatures is presented in this paper. The fractal dimension of the pattern obtained in different growth is also given. The dendritic patterns developed show self-similarity and scale invariance, details are presented and findings discussed. To study the nature of material deposited in DLA-like conditions scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of images were analyzed. To study the particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD) of material deposited is also analyzed and presented in the same work.

The best individual stellar parameters of the close visual binary system “HIP 57894” using the synthetic photometric solution based on Al-Wardat’s complex method are presented. The best match between the synthetic and observed stellar photometry is presented based on the best entire and individual synthetic spectral energy distributions which are constructed by utilizing Atlas9 model atmospheres and two special subroutines of Al-Wardat’s method. From the best synthetic photometric solution, we determine the individual masses and radii as: MA = 1.22 ± 0.18 M⊙, RA = 1.328 ± 0.04 R⊙ and MB = 0.99 ± 0.14 M⊙, RB = 0.975 ± 0.03 R⊙ for the primary and secondary components of the system, respectively. The system depend on the recently published Gaia parallax and the isochrones tracks of the component’s system are discussed.

Microwave has prominent role in the present era due to its application in remote sensing. Present investigation is emphasized to explore the impact of potassium nitrate and ammonium sulphate on dielectric traits of soil samples by exposing it to X and J-band microwave frequencies. For this two different soil samples were collected from Jalna and badnapur of Maharashtra. The infinite sample method was employed for the determination of dielectric constant (e’), dielectric loss (e”), AC Conductivity and Relaxation Time of the soils. The variation in values of all the parameters of these samples mixed with different concentration of potassium nitrate and ammonium sulphate were then measured at fixed frequency X-band (6 GHz) and J-band (9.86 GHz).

One of the sources of radiation risk in dwellings made of rocks is primordial radionuclides. It is imperative to assess the levels of radioactivity due to gamma rays from these materials and consequently to determine the dose rate from these materials. Fourteen samples of rock were collected from various sites of Aurangabad-India and the level of radioactivity and elemental compositions of samples have been measured utilizing y-ray spectroscopy and EDXRF technique. The findings showed that the mean activity concentrations of the 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 6.883, 10.841 and 128.616 Bq/kg, lower than the global average values of 35, 30, and 400 Bq/kg. The obtained results were compared with the worldwide average as well as with similar studies. The ratios among the detected radioisotopes in rocks were computed for the spatial distribution of natural radionuclides in the studied area. The radiological risk parameters were estimated and compared with internationally recommended values. The Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between the radionuclide concentration and radioactive variables, as well as with the elemental compositions. EDXRF results indicate that SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, CaO, TiO2, Na2O, MgO, P2O5, MnO, and Fe2O3 are the major oxides present in the samples. Moreover, heavy metals such as V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ba, Cd, Hg, and Pb with varying concentrations were detected. The radiological assessment indicated that the rocks of the study area are radiologically safe and may be used for construction without causing any threat to human health.

The precise determination of the physical and dynamical parameters of the HIP 109951 triple star system (WDS J22161-0705AB) which is formed by the A, Ba, and Bb components are presented. The binary nature of component B was recently confirmed by studying the radial velocities. The analysis of the system follows Al-Wardat's complex method for analyzing CVBS which employs Kurucz (Atlas9) line blanketed plane-parallel atmospheres simultaneously with an analytic method for dynamical analysis (we used Docobo's method) to calculate the parameters of this triple system. The result of our study yielded the following parameters: TAeff = 5836 ± 80 K, RA = 1.090 ± 0.039R⊙, log gA = 4.45 ± 0.06, MA = 1.05 ± 0.16M⊙; TBaeff = 5115 ± 80 K, RBa = 0.596 ± 0.05R⊙, log gBa = 4.60 ± 0.07, MBa = 0.83 ± 0.16M⊙, TBbeff = 4500 ± 80 K, RBb = 0.490 ± 0.06R⊙, log gBb = 4.65 ± 0.07, and MBb = 0.67 ± 0.16M⊙ based on the revised HIPPARCOS parallax. The orbital solution gave a total mass as M = 2.59M⊙ based on Gaia parallax and M = 2.15M⊙ based on the revised HIPPARCOS parallax. The synthetic spectral energy distributions (SED) and synthetic stellar photometry of the entire system and individual components are given and compared with the available observational ones. Finally, the positions of the system components on the HR diagram and the evolutionary tracks are given and their formation and the evolution of the system are discussed.

Industrial sites have an inherited problem of contamination to air, water, and soil and have to be restored with extra care to eliminate all types of pollution associated with its operations and decommissioning. This work describes the rehabilitation effects of an old industrial site of a salt–chlorine plant situated at the prominent location on the Kuwait Bay. The site has reminiscence history for the uses of a considerable number of mercury cells for the electrolysis of brine to produce caustic soda and chlorine gas, resulting into mercury and other chemical spills in the coastal marine waters and silt sediments in the neighbouring areas. The present study is to assess indoor and outdoor air quality and the suitability of the official building constructed on this industrial abandoned site in the most attractive coastal location. Indoor and outdoor air quality is of significant concern with past historical contamination and hazardous pollutants from the industrial site and surrounding emissions. Overall results show that the new building has an adequate air quality for most of the monitored pollutants, and the mercury concentrations in ambient and indoor air were found to be very low, showing proper land reclamation and eliminating reminisce of the history associated with the industrial site. However, the indoor oxygenated organic compound was found to be 2–4 times that of outdoor concentrations, due to excessive use of solvents, paint, thinner, glue, and varnishes during the refurbishment of the building.

The well-being of the workers in any place is the main health goal of any office; thereby, this study has focused on the printing press due to the inadequate indoor air quality. Most of the pollutants are emitted from the storage, use and disposal of chemicals and liquid/solid waste. Printing inks, toner and cartridges contain volatile organic components that have the potential to generate odors and can cause serious health risk. The press is located in a separate building, away from the main work area containing administration and laboratories. The press is responsible for various tasks, from visiting cards to conferences proceedings. Air quality inside the printing press has been assessed taking into consideration associated offices, administration, editing, printing and publications sections, and heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system performance was evaluated through continuous monitoring of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. The assessment of the indoor air quality in printing press was completed by accurate measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, temperature, humidity, ozone and particulate matters. These measured values were compared with national and international guidelines set for an acceptable indoor air quality. The results will be used for the identification of sources, which can be implemented in mitigation strategies to abate the prevalence of sick building syndrome if exists. Samples taken for 8 working hours revealed VOCs levels approached 7.72ppm where 33.82% contribution was from halogenated compounds where predominant compound was refrigerant trichlorofloromethane (R-11) leaked from refrigeration loop of HVAC system, followed by oxygenated group 25.84% mainly consisting of methyl tertiary butyl ether common additive of gasoline emitted from light vehicles. Aliphatic group constituted 25.62% of TVOC, where predominant compound was solvent cyclohexane, and aromatic group was the least 14.72% of the TVOC consisting of toluene common thinner.

Electroless deposition of lead from lead acetate is studied in a planar cell geometry. Dendritic patterns are grown using electroless deposition in planar cell geometry. Electroless deposition cell is designed and constructed and the depositions obtained are analysed for self similarity and fractal characterization. Details and findings are presented

Air quality data consisting of various pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2, O-3, CO, NonCH(4) hydrocarbon) were collected for a year and its seasonal influence was investigated in detail. The number of exceedances of all the pollutants based on Kuwait Environmental Public Authority (EPA) standards was examined. The seasonal variation of hourly averages of (O-3), (CO) and (NO) are presented as midweek and/Or weekend effects to reveal noticeable deviations. Ozone generation and accumulation rate during the high ozone period (April to September) was analysed to reveal weekend effect reflecting volatile organic compound (VOC) sensitive region (abundance of NOx relative to the VOCs) for the specified period at Ali Sabah Al-Salem (ASA) residential area. A decrease in NOx emission strongly influenced O-3 production and accumulation. Flares in the neighbouring petroleum refineries and petrochemical industries and two adjacent highways with high traffic density have contributed to the NOx emissions in the area.

In this paper, the study of traffic noise is presented from the point of view of 1/f noise. Samples of Traffic Noise are collected from selected locations from busy roads of Aurangabad city in Maharashtra state (India) and data is analyzed. It is observed that in many cases the traffic noise possesses pink noise (1/f noise) prevailing over appreciable range of frequency. The log log plot of noise power versus frequency results in a straight line with a slope approximately equal to unity confirming the presence of pink noise. After certain frequency, the noise power no longer behaves like pink noise (1/f noise) and becomes more or less constant with random fluctuations. Plots of noise power versus frequency on log log basis for different locations studied are presented and the inferences are discussed.

In this paper, the study of traffic noise is presented from the point of view of 1/f noise. Samples of Traffic Noise are collected from selected locations from busy roads of Aurangabad city in Maharashtra state (India) and data is analyzed. It is observed that in many cases the traffic noise possesses pink noise (1/f noise) prevailing over appreciable range of frequency. The log log plot of noise power versus frequency results in a straight line with a slope approximately equal to unity confirming the presence of pink noise. After certain frequency, the noise power no longer behaves like pink noise (1/f noise) and becomes more or less constant with random fluctuations. Plots of noise power versus frequency on log log basis for different locations studied are presented and the inferences are discussed.

This paper presents the study of dynamic electrical resistance of the electrodeposition cell during the growth metallic dendrites showing fractal character. The electric resistance of the circular electrodeposition cell is measured in real time using a computer based data acquisition system. The data acquisition system constructed is capable of measuring the cell voltage and the current through the cell under program control at pre-decided intervals. This allows for the measurement of the dynamic electrical resistance of the electrodeposition cell. The system is based on standard analogue to digital controller ADC interfaced to the computer through the printer port.

Frequency of noise can affect human beings in different ways. The sound of firecrackers is a type of intensive impulsive noise, which is hazardous. In this paper, the noise produced by firecrackers during celebration festivals in Aurangabad (M.S.), India is measured. The noise is analyzed from the study of power spectra for different types of firecrackers. Noise measurements of firecrackers show that they produce high sound pressure peak levels at their characteristics frequencies. Plots of noise power versus frequency for different crackers are presented and the inferences are discussed. Typical firecracker peak noise levels are given.

In this paper we are presenting study of characterization of irregular shapes using the concept of fractal dimension. It is demonstrated that the lakes originating as the result of natural process have ramified boundaries and have detailed structure, where as those arising from artificial conditions like human interference do not exhibit ramified boundaries and details of structure. Lonar Lake (India) originating from striking of meteorite is like a circular cup and does not have structural details. Similarly, Kankaria Lake from Ahmedabad in the heart of the city is surrounded by population from all the side and has a circular shape with a small Island in the middle and a passage leading to the Island. Fractal analysis of the lakes studied, using box counting technique, reveals that all the lakes that came into existence as a consequence of competing natural processes are having self similarity and scale invariance over a larger range length scale and exhibit fractal character with higher fractal dimensions. Where as the Lonar Lake and the Kankaria Lake have very limited degree of self similarity over a shorter range of length scale and thus have a smaller fractal dimension. Richardson Plot technique is also known to be a powerful tool in study of structural and textural details of irregular objects, thus few lake boundaries / contours are also analyzed using this technique. It is clearly seen that the natural lakes show more structural complexity as compare to the lakes resulting from human intervention / interference. However at shorter length scale some textural details are seen that represent textural complexity at shorter length scale.

Troposphere Ozone layer acts as a shield against all ultraviolet radiation approaching the planet Earth through absorption. It was noticed in mid 80s that ozone layer has thinned on the poles of the planet due to release of man-made substances commonly known as Ozone Depleting Substances, (ODS) into its atmosphere. The consequences of this change are adverse as the harmful radiations reach to the surface of the earth, strongly influencing the crops yield and vegetation. These radiations are major cause of skin cancer that has long exposure to UV radiation. United States Environmental Protection Agency and European Community have imposed strict regulations to curb the emission of ODS and phase out schedules for the manufacture and use of ODS that was specified by Montreal Protocol in 1987. This research program deals with data analysis of ozone layer thickness and measured ultra-violet radiation that have been obtained at an altitude of 8 km from Abu Dhabi Monitoring station. The ozone layer thickness in stratosphere has been correlated with measured ultraviolet radiation above the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The influence of import of ozone depletion substances for the last decade and other factors that strongly affect the ozone layer thickness in stratosphere were discussed in the final report submitted to Public. The dependency of ozone layer thickness on ambient pollutant levels is discussed in detail.

Troposphere ozone layer acts as a shield against all ultraviolet radiation approaching the planet Earth through absorption. It was noticed in mid 80s that ozone layer has thinned on the poles of the planet due to release of man-made substances commonly known as Ozone Depleting Substances, (ODS) into its atmosphere. The consequences of this change are adverse as the harmful radiations reach to the surface of the earth, strongly influencing the crops yield and vegetation. These radiations are major cause of skin cancer that has long exposure to Ultra Violet (UV) radiation. United States environmental protection agency and European community have imposed strict regulations to curb the emission of ODS and phase out schedules for the manufacture and use of ODS that was specified by Montreal protocol in 1987. Problem statement: This research deled with data analysis of ozone layer thickness obtained from Abu-Dhabi station and detailed measurement of air pollution levels in Kuwait. Approach: The ozone layer thickness in stratosphere had been correlated with the measured pollution levels in the State of Kuwait. The influence of import of ozone depletion substances for the last decade had been evaluated. Other factor that strongly affects the ozone layer thickness in stratosphere is local pollution levels of primary pollutants such as total hydrocarbon compounds and nitrogen oxides. Results: The dependency of ozone layer thickness on ambient pollutant levels presented in detail reflecting negative relation of both non-methane hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide concentrations in ambient air. Conclusion: Ozone layer thickness in stratosphere had been measured for five years (1999-2004) reflecting minimum thickness in the month of December and maximum in the month of June. The ozone thickness related to the ground level concentration of non-methane hydrocarbon and can be used as an indicator of the health of ozone layer thickness in the stratosphere.

We presented simulation of fractal pattern in electrodeposition (Diffusion limited aggregation) using concept of off lattice walk.It is seen that the growth patterns are based on a parameter called ‘bias’. This parameter ‘bias’ controls the growth of patterns similar to that of electric field in electrodeposition technique. In present study the fractal patterns are grown for different values of ‘bias’. Dendritic patterns grown at lower value of ‘bias’ comprises open structure and show limited branching. As the bias is increased the growth tends to be dense and show more crowded branching. Box counting was implemented to calculate fractal dimension. The structural and textural complexities and are compared with the experimental observations.It was also noted that in the evolution of DLA patterns, the center of mass of the growth is shifted slightly. We tracked the position of the center of mass of simulated electro deposits under different electric field conditions. The center of mass exhibit random walk like patterns and it wanders around the origin or the starting point of the growth.