Kubis bunga merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang banyak dimintai masyarakat. Gapoktan Margo Mulyo Desa Banjarsari Wetan, Kabupaten Banyumas juga memiliki ketertarikan membudidakan tanaman kubis bunga untuk meningkatkan pendapatan. Di sisi lain, adanya limbah urine kelinci di Desa Banjarsari Wetan menjadi potensi dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan budidaya tanaman. Kegiatan pendampingan dilakukan dengan mendampingi pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair urine kelinci untuk budidaya tanamna kubis bunga di lahan Gapoktan Margo Mulyo. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan pada Maret-Oktober 2022 ini menggunakan metode penyuluhan dan pendampingan secara rutin kepada khalayak sasaran yaitu anggota Gapoktan Margo Mulyo. Kegiatan diawali dengan pembuatan POC urine kelinci dengan menggunakan bahan utama urine kelinci serta empon-empon kemudian difermentasi selama 1 bulan. Budidaya tanaman kubis bunga diawali dengan pembuatan bedengan, pemberian pupuk kadang, dolomit, serta pemasangan mulsa. Penanaman bibit kubis bunga dilakukan pada bedengan yang sudah disiapkan dan perawatan rutin dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk susulan baik pupuk NPK maupun pengocoran dengan POC urine kelinci. Pengendalian OPT dilakukan dengan cara mekanik maupun dengan penyemprotan dengan pestisida. Hasil budidaya menunjukkan tanaman kubis bunga bisa menghasilkan dengan baik serta pemanfaatan urine kelinci untuk POC bisa menjadi salah satu solusi pengelolaan limbah, penghematan biaya produksi serta meningkatkan hasil produksi tanaman.

Climate change and land use have an influence on the process of groundwater replenishment. Serayu watershed is categorized as one of the critical watersheds in Indonesia due to groundwater conditions. One that affects groundwater is the ability to replenish groundwater. The purpose of the study was to predict groundwater replenishment in the Serayu watershed. The hydrological model approach (SWAT/Soil Water Assessment Tool) was applied. Spatial data is used in SWAT model analysis, namely: Elevation data, stream, soil types, land use land cover, and climate data. Data analysis using QGIS 3.18 and QSWATPlus tools. The model calibration uses cn2 values while NSE and R2 values are used to evaluate the model. Based on cn2 values, SWAT models show performance that can be used for model implementation. Model validation between before and after the calibration process is (R2) 0.86 while the NSE value is 0.66. When viewed from the water equilibrium ratio, the average water recharge value in the Serayu watershed is 49.5 mm.yr-1 from the total precipitation of 2473.6 mm.yr-1. The largest hydrological component occurs in evapotranspiration and surface runoff (1879.9 and 549.2 mm.yr-1, respectively). The high value of surface runoff indicates that the Serayu watershed needs attention regarding the ability of the land in the water recharge process

Groundwater is an important process in the watershed hydrological system. Serayu watershed, the largest in Central Java Province, has bio-physic spatial variability that influences groundwater recharging. The aim is to derive the groundwater potential zone of the Serayu watershed. Five thematic maps used and applied for groundwater potential analysis, were lithology, land use land cover, lineament density, drainage density, and slope gradient. Distribution of Lithology data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and Landsat 8 image were analyzed to thematic raster with 1 x 1 km resolution. Weighted index was calculated regarding the relation of five influence parameters then were overlaid and calculated by using QGIS-calculator. Groundwater classified into five categories, namely poor, low, moderate, good, and very good. Based on the final groundwater potential map, 0.02% of 3,727 km2 is poor category, however most of Serayu watershed have moderate to good (48.77 and 29.77 %, respectively). The percentage of very good (10.57%) and low (10.87%) classes were rather similar. Spatial variability of groundwater distribution indicates the complex characteristics of the Serayu watershed, so more serious attention from the perspective of research and management of water resources in the future, is needed. Keywords: Groundwater, Multi-criteria, QGIS, Recharging, Serayu watershed.

The drawback of groundwater quality occurs due to minimum treatment of waste management in the landfill. The research objectives are to know the groundwater quality around the landfill study site, rainwater potential for drinking water purposes, and decreasing runoff due to rainwater harvesting technology implementation. The well water samples were collected from eight wells surrounding the landfill. Rainwater samples were collected from rainwater harvesting technology installation. Water quality parameters consist of total coliform, pH, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Water conservation was observed by infiltration and precipitation. Total coliforms of well water are higher than rainwater. Furthermore, based on acidity and TDS values, well water is higher (pH 6.5-8.5 and TDS 188.8 + 128.7 ppm, respectively) than rainwater (pH 6.1 + 0.2 and TDS 8.4 + 1.4 ppm, respectively). Based on three parameters, rainwater is more proper for drinking water than well water in the study site. Rainwater harvesting technology is able to reduce runoff by 58.42% with the rainwater catchment area around 7,095 m 2 . Waste management in landfills should concern with groundwater pollution. Rainwater harvesting technology is a potential solution for drinking water supply in water crisis areas.

Kegagalan panen merupakan salah satu penyebab belum tercukupinya kebutuhan pangan di Indonesia. Penyebab utama kegagalan panen diakibatkan oleh hama, seperti: burung, penggerek, wereng, dan lain-lain. Potensi aliran irigasi tersier di Indonesia sangat besar tetapi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mendapatkan rancang bangun Wapoge (water power generator) yang mampu bekerja di saluran irigasi tersier dan bisa dimanfaatkan untuk pengendalian hama padi (hama burung dan serangga). Uji performansi dengan beban dilakukan pada rentang debit 48, 68, dan 77 liter/detik dan diimplementasikan pada lahan padi seluas 2500 m2. Energi listrik dimanfaatkan sebagai pengendali hama serangga (light trap) dengan tiga variasi daya lampu LED putih (3, 6, dan 9 watt), sedangkan energi gerak dimanfaatkan untuk pengusiran hama burung (orang-orangan sawah dan bunyi-bunyian). Pengamatan hama dilakukan secara visual, masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Debit aliran berbanding lurus dengan putaran turbin dan beda potensial yang dihasilkan. Light trap LED 9 watt mampu menangkap hama penggerek lebih banyak dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan 3 dan 6 watt. Penggunaan Wapoge mampu mengusir hama burung secara signifikan pada tiga waktu pengamatan (pagi, siang, dan sore). Pemanfaatan energi baru terbarukan perlu terus dikembangkan untuk mendukung usaha tani.

Jumlah penduduk Indonesia tiap tahun mengalami peningkatan, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi pemukiman penduduk. Hal ini menyebabkan produktivitas tanaman pertanian Indonesia mengalami penurunan. Salah satu solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan plant factory. Plant factory merupakan cara menumbuhkan tanaman dalam lingkungan yang terkendali. Pada plant factory perlu dilakukan monitoring dan kontrol iklim mikro untuk mencapai kondisi iklim mikro yang ideal bagi tanaman. Data iklim mikro dapat dimonitoring secara online dengan memanfaatkan internet of things, sehingga mendapatkan data iklim mikro terbaru dengan lebih cepat (realtime). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem monitoring dan kontrol iklim mikro berbasis internet of things menggunakan mikrokontroler, serta menganalisis kinerja sistem kontrol dalam mempertahankan kondisi iklim mikro yang optimal. Penelitian dilakukan dalam empat tahap, yaitu perancangan skema sistem kontrol, perancangan perangkat lunak, perancangan perangkat keras, serta tahap analisis data. Data iklim mikro yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan membandingkan data aktual dengan set point. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada running 1 didapat suhu rata-rata sekitar 26,58 oC dan kelembapan rata-rata sekitar 76,22% sedangkan setpoint berada di angka 27 oC dan 75 %. Pada running 2 didapat suhu rata-rata sekitar 25,82 oC dan kelembapan rata-rata sekitar 61,58% sedangkan setpoint berada di 26 oC dan 60 %.

Serai wangi memiliki nilai ekonomi sangat tinggi dan dapat dibudidayakan pada berbagai kondisi lahan. Lahan marginal umumnya kurang subur, kecuali setelah direhabilitasi melalui pengelolaan irigasi tepat dan pemupukan berimbang. Integrasi parameter kualitas lahan/tanah marginal yang direhabilitasi terhadap paremeter produktivitas serai wangi, yang sejauh ini belum banyak dikaji, mutlak diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh variasi jadwal irigasi dan dosis pupuk organik terhadap sifat fisik tanah dan pertumbuhan serai wangi. Sebanyak 9 demplot serai wangi (luas: @9 m2, jenis tanah: Inceptisol) disiapkan untuk 2 taraf perlakuan, yaitu variasi jadwal irigasi [per hari (SI1), per 3 hari (S13), per 5 hari (SI5)] dan variasi dosis pupuk organik [15 ton/ha (PO1), 25 ton/ha (PO2), 35 ton/ha (PO3)]. Variabel yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan serai wangi [jumlah batang (JB), tinggi tanaman (TT), jumlah daun (JD)], sifat fisik tanah [kadar air basis Volume (θ), kerapatan isi (b), permeabilitas (Ks)], serta debit irigasi dan curah hujan. Data pengamatan dianalisis secara statistik (ANOVA, α = 0.05) dan ditampikan secara grafis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jadwal irigasi dan dosis pupuk organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap JB, TT, dan JD serai wangi dengan nilai optimal masing-masing terdapat pada SI3PO3 (20.17 batang), SI1PO3 (137.83 cm), dan SI3PO3 (92.25 helai). Dilihat dari sifat fisik tanah, hanya dosis pupuk organik yang berpengaruh nyata, terutama terhadap θ, dengan nilai optimal terdapat pada PO2 (0.380 cm3/cm3). Kombinasi jadwal irigasi per-3-hari (SI3) dan dosis pupuk organik 35 ton/ha (PO3) sangat potensial untuk diaplikasikan pada budidaya serai wangi di lahan marginal.

The research is trying to observe the effect of different light sources on red spinach ( Amaranthus Tricolor L ) plant. Plant-factories were installed and divided into three compartments. Each compartment was given three light sources: Red-Blue LED (R-B), Multi-Color LED (M-C), and White LED (W). The energy of each light sources R-B, M-C, and W were 192 Watt, 92 Watt, and 8 Watt, respectively. The research took place on March 2018 in the Agriculture Technology Laboratory, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia. The growth parameters measured were plant height, biomass, and number of leaves. Results showed that there was significant difference of growth parameters of treatment R-B compared to treatment M-C, and W. Shierary Model were used to study the mechanism of growth parameter difference. The model used the input of radiation energy of light sources that were affected by leaves development, that called the intercepted radiation. The result of the model showed that the intercepted radiation influenced the growth parameters. Treatment R-B, which generates commonly used light wave for photosynthetic, caused better plant growth. The influence of the heat emerged from the light sources were seemed to create better micro-climate for photosynthesis.

PurposeThe research objective is to explore consumers' (those of ethnic origin and non-ethnic origin) motivation for choosing ethnic food.Design/methodology/approachA total of 120 respondents were approached at Padang restaurants in Jakarta, and personal interviews were conducted using soft laddering techniques linking to means-end chain (MEC) analysis. The associations among attributes, consequences and values were mapped into a graphical hierarchy to depict the cognitive structure of consuming ethnic food.FindingsThe unique and spicy taste of Padang food, as well as preferences for the cuisine, was identified as the determinants of consumption of Padang food. In addition, the Minang people still considered the food's origin and tradition when consuming it. “Financial security” and “happiness” were identified as the desired values that consumers want to achieve.Research limitations/implicationsThe extent to which acculturation affects consumers' decision-making on consuming ethnic food has not been significantly investigated.Practical implicationsPadang food can be promoted by highlighting its traditions and unique, spicy taste. These are key messages to attract consumers of Padang ethnic food.Originality/valueThe paper presents an original motivations and cognitive structures for eating Padang food.

Temperature control of the rooting area with application of root zone cooling in an aeroponic system succeeded in maintaining the freshness of potato plant roots during planting to achieve tuber initiation. However, following the application of root zone cooling , many wilted plants that were burnt due to high temperatures above the plant surface remained. Therefore, effort is needed to improve the condition of the top of the plant, so that the growth of potato plants in the lowlands may be optimized. The results of some studies show that evaporative cooling can reduce the pressure of hot temperatures in the greenhouse and the area around the plant canopy. Therefore, integrated research on the aeroponic system for the application of root zone cooling and evaporative cooling is needed in order to improve the condition of the upper part of the plant. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of evaporative cooling on the growth and yield of aeroponic potato plants in the lowlands planted with the application of root zone cooling. The evaporative cooling technique used was cold water and cold airbursts, with a temperature of 25 °C. Nutrients were used at a concentration of 1-2 mS/cm and acidity of nutritional solutions of 6 (pH). Two types of evaporative cooling were applied: cold-water spray and cold air conditioning. Two varieties, genotype 007 and granola, were used. A split-plot, randomized complete design was employed with evaporative cooling as the main plot and potato variety as the subplot. Growth data were analyzed by the F test followed by the DMRT test at the 5% level of significance. From the results of this research, we conclude that the evaporative cooling system can provide a decrease in air temperature in lowland greenhouses. However, the optimal humidity and temperature for the growth and development of aeroponic potato plants in the lowlands were not achieved when the air temperature in the greenhouse was high. A burst of cold air creates a more even temperature and humidity compared with the evaporative spray of cold water. The humidity level inside a greenhouse that is not exposed to cold-water bursts (far from the plant area) reaches 42%. The difference in air humidity achieved with two different evaporative cooling methods reached 2% at 13.00 and 6% at 16.00. The application of evaporative cooling with bursts of cold air resulted in a higher number of tubers and higher tuber weight compared with evaporative cooling with bursts of cold water. The average number of tubers produced from the application of evaporative cooling with bursts of cold air was 19.3 crop bulbs, and the average tuber weight was 10.4 grams per tuber, while the application of evaporative cooling with cold water bursts resulted in an average of 9.4 crop bulbs and an average tuber weight of 6.3 grams per tuber. Keywords : aeroponics, potato seed, lowland, evaporative cooling, greenhouse, root zone cooling.

Irrigated area has been decreasing since last decade in Indonesia. Surface irrigation scheduling performed predominantly due to water limitation and plant heterogeneity. Plant type and growth phase relate to the performance of water delivery. The research objective is to compare land use classification (LUC) from Landsat 8 and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with supervised algorithm. Supervised method (i.e. minimum distance algorithm) was applied. The result showed six LUC from UAV, i.e.: vegetative stage of dry crop (39%), ripening stage of dry crop (23%), vegetative stage of paddy (15%), tillage (15%), bare land (7%), and paddy nursery (6%). On the other hand, five LUC were performed by Landsat 8 image, i.e.: vegetative stage of dry crop (10%), ripening stage of dry crop (17%), vegetative stage of paddy (5%), tillage area (62%), bare land (6%). UAV's image source performed more detail and accurate than satellite image. Thus, supervised method appropriate for UAV image for crop stage classification in small irrigation district.

Serayu watershed, the largest watershed in Central Java Province of Indonesia, have various condition in the catchment area. Drawback of environmental services occurred in Banjarnegara, Wonosobo and Purbalingga regency due to intensive agriculture activities in the catchment area. However, suitable protected catchment area performed in Banyumas regency as part of Serayu watershed. Nature landscape and water quality (e.g., river and spring) are potential for tourism and domestic water resource. Nowadays, population growth and economical reason may threaten environmental services especially in catchment area. The research aim to identify waterfall potential as ecotourism development in Banyumas regency. Ecotourism Environmental Protection (EEP) approach already implemented in Asian mainland and appropriate tool for describing environmental protect measurement and its effect. EEP modified variables with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis were applied with focusing on water resource and conservation especially on waterfall ecotourism development. Identification of waterfall and survey of local communities, natural community, and government were conducted. We explore 109-waterfall in 17 districts of Banyumas regency with less than 20% manage by local or regional government. Third sector intervention (such local-or regional government and private sector) is indispensable for improving waterfall value as ecotourism attraction. In attractive waterfall destination, local people including local organisation receive economic benefit and might improve their welfare. Ecotourism of waterfall in Banyumas regency is promising strategy for water conservation in catchment area.

Modernisasi irigasi merupakan proses adaptasi sistem irigasi terhadap perubahan dengan tujuan meningkatkan kinerja sistem irigasi dari aspek manajemen, metodologi, dan komponen sistem. Modernisasi irigasi di Indonesia dilakukan dengan pendekatan lima pilar irigasi yaitu ketersediaan air, sarana prasarana irigasi, institusi/kelembagaan, sistem pengelola, dan sumber daya manusia. Modernisasi dapat diimplementasikan apabila nilai Indeks Kinerja Modernisasi Irigasi (IKMI) pada suatu Daerah irigasi (DI) minimal 80. Nilai IKMI merupakan nilai kesiapan suatu Daerah Irigasi (DI) berdasarkan pada lima pilar modernisasi irigasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kesiapan modernisasi irigasi pada dua kewenangan DI yang berbeda dengan menggunakan pendekatan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penelitian dilaksanakan di dua DI, yaitu DI Serayu (luas 20.795 ha; kewenangan pemerintah pusat) dan DI Karangnangka (390,8 ha; kewenangan pemerintah Kabupaten Banyumas). Pengambilan data dilakukan selama 4 bulan (April-Juli 2019). Berdasarkan nilai IKMI dari dua kewenangan DI, didapatkan bahwa DI Serayu memiliki kesiapan implementasi modernisasi irigasi lebih baik (rerata ~ 79.2) daripada DI Karangnangka (rerata ~49.2). Perhatian pada aspek sistem pengelolaan (0,221) perlu diperhatikan sebelum implementasi modernisasi di DI Serayu sedangkan aspek peningkatan sarana prasarana menjadi faktor penting di DI Karangnangka (0,261). Perbedaan tingkat kesiapan tersebut dimungkinkan karena aspek faktor sumberdaya manusia, luas areal dan kekuatan institusi. Tantangan modernisasi irigasi pada perbedaan sistem pengelolaan adalah fleksibilitas dan adaptasi terhadap keragaman suatu DI.

RIWAYAT ARTIKEL Penerimaan 7 Juni 2020 Terbitan 19 Agustus 2020 ABSTRAK Modernisasi irigasi merupakan proses adaptasi sistem irigasi terhadap perubahan dengan tujuan meningkatkan kinerja sistem irigasi dari aspek manajemen, metodologi, dan komponen sistem. Modernisasi irigasi di Indonesia dilakukan dengan pendekatan lima pilar irigasi yaitu ketersediaan air, sarana prasarana irigasi, institusi/kelembagaan, sistem pengelola, dan sumber daya manusia. Modernisasi dapat diimplementasikan apabila nilai Indeks Kinerja Modernisasi Irigasi (IKMI) pada suatu Daerah irigasi (DI) minimal 80. Nilai IKMI merupakan nilai kesiapan suatu DI berdasarkan pada lima pilar modernisasi irigasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kesiapan modernisasi irigasi pada dua kewenangan DI yang berbeda dengan menggunakan pendekatan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penelitian dilaksanakan di dua DI, yaitu DI Serayu (luas 20.795 ha; kewenangan pemerintah pusat) dan DI Karangnangka (390,8 ha; kewenangan pemerintah Kabupaten Banyumas). Pengambilan data dilakukan selama 4 bulan (April-Juli 2019). Berdasarkan nilai IKMI dari dua kewenangan DI, didapatkan bahwa DI Serayu memiliki kesiapan implementasi modernisasi irigasi lebih baik (rerata ~ 79,2) daripada DI Karangnangka (rerata ~49,2). Perhatian pada aspek sistem pengelolaan (0,221) perlu diperhatikan sebelum implementasi modernisasi di DI Serayu sedangkan aspek peningkatan sarana prasarana menjadi faktor penting di DI Karangnangka (0,261). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa DI kewenangan pusat lebih siap dilakukan modernisasi irigasi dibandingkan kewenangan kabupaten. Perbedaan tingkat kesiapan tersebut dimungkinkan karena aspek faktor sumberdaya manusia, luas areal dan kekuatan institusi. Tantangan modernisasi irigasi pada perbedaan sistem pengelolaan adalah fleksibilitas dan adaptasi terhadap keragaman suatu DI seperti tingkat kewenangan pengelolaan antara pusat dan daerah. KATA KUNCI AHP; Ikmi; irigasi; keragaman; kinerja; modernisasi

Suhu udara yang terlalu panas di dalam greenhouse menjadi hambatan pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi benih kentang secara aeroponik di dataran rendah. Aplikasi root zone cooling untuk mengendalikan suhu udara di area perakaran membantu perkembangan umbi benih kentang di dataran rendah. Namun untuk lebih memaksimalkan pengendalian, diperlukan usaha pengendalian suhu udara di area permukaan bagian atas tanaman yang melingkupi daun dan batang tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalam mengetahui durasi waktu pemberian evaporative cooling metode langsung (semburan) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil benih kentang di dataran rendah tropika basah yang ditanam secara aeroponik. Penelitian dilakukan di greenhouse Fakultas Pertanian, ketinggian ± 115 m dpl. Faktor yang dicoba : 1. Waktu evaporative cooling (WEvap) : WEvap1 (10 menit menyala, mati selama 10 menit), WEvap2 (15 menit menit menyala, mati selama 10 menit), 2. Varietas (V) : V1 (Genotipe 007), V2 (Granola). Parameter pertumbuhan tanaman yang diamati : tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan hasil tanaman (jumlah umbi, ukuran umbi, bobot umbi). Data dianalisis dengan grafik untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan dan hasilnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian evaporative cooling menyala 10 menit memberikan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan 15 menit nyala. Jumlah umbi rata-rata pada evaporative cooling dengan waktu 10 menit nyala varietas granola memberikan jumlah umbi tertinggi sebesar 17,5 umbi/tanaman. Bobot umbi tertinggi pertanaman diperoleh dari evaporative cooling dengan waktu 10 menit nyala yaitu varietas granola sebesar 8,4 gram/tanaman atau 2,1 gram per umbi. Kata Kunci: benih kentang, dataran rendah, evaporative cooling, greenhouse, root zone cooling Temperatures that are too hot in the greenhouse become an obstacle to aeroponic growth and yield of potato seeds in the lowlands. The application of root zone cooling to control air temperature in the rooting area helps develop potato seed tubers in the lowlands. However, to further improve control, it is necessary to control the temperature of the air on the upper surface of plants which are circular in the leaves and stems of plants. The purpose of this study is to study the duration of the direct method of giving evaporative cooling to the growth and yield of potato seeds in wet tropical lowlands that are planted aeroponically. The study was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture greenhouse, height ± 115 m above sea level. Factors tried: 1. Cooling evaporation time (WEvap): WEvap1 (10 minutes turning on, turning off for 10 minutes), WEvap2 (15 minutes turning on, turning off for 10 minutes), 2. Variety (V): V1 (Genotype 007) , V2 (Granola). Plant growth parameters that are rotated: plant height, number of leaves and crop yields (number of tubers, tuber size, tuber weights). Data were analyzed using graphs to determine growth patterns and yields. The results showed that the cooling evaporation aid was on for 10 minutes giving higher plant height and number of leaves compared to 15 minutes on. The average number of tubers in evaporative cooling with 10 minutes of flame granola varieties gave the highest number of tubers of 17.5 bulbs / plant. Weight for plants Obtained from cooling evaporation with a 10-minute flame on the granola variety of 8.4 grams / plant or 2.1 grams per tuber. Key words: potato seed, lowlands, evaporative cooling, greenhouse, root zone cooling

Open land degradation due to increasing of settlement area effect to water shortage (i.e. water recharging reduction and run off enhancement). Rain harvesting and vertical drainage approach could be an alternative solution. Additionally, rainwater is a potential water source for dometic water. The social empowerement program aim to increase our partner knowledge and ability on water reseource protection. The program was conducted in Kaliori Village, Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province. Some program were applied such as collecting the data of partner profile, counselling, dissemination of technology, and evaluation. Techology dessimination was conducted in one of member located around Kaliori Landfill. The result showed knowledge improvement of partner about water resource conservation including rain harvesting and vertical drainage approach. However, lack of the equipment performance due to longer dry periode during program. It could affect the partner motivation on approach replication. Partner knowledge improvement on water resource and the techonology (i.e. rain harvesting and vertical dranage approach) was expected to better habit on water resource conservation.

The aim of this research are to compare actual evapotranspiration among SRI Paddy Cultivation with different treatment of fertilizer and soil amendment, and to examine SRI growth with fertilizer and soil amandement treatment in soil accustomed to conventional cultivation method. This research was conducted at the screen house of Agricultural Technology Laboratory of Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, during December 2016 until April 2017. The data were collected from 4 experiment pots with different treatments. Soil were taken from the paddy field that usually practice conventional method (flooded irrigation, chemical fertilizer). First pot were added with organic fertilizer with dose of 100 ton/ha (SO). Second pot were added with organic fertilizer with dose of 100 ton/ha and biochar application as much as 50 kg/ha (SOA). Third pot were added organic fertilizer in amount of 100 ton/ha and chemical fertilizer during vegetative phase (SOK). The fourth pot were purely soil with chemical fertilizer (SK). Result showed actual evapotranspiration per season were higher in SOK and SK, rather than in SO and SOA. Phase per phase of crop shown sharp difference of crop coefficient (Kc) among the four treatments. The Kc were SO (0.47 - 0.57), SOA (0.44 - 0.52), and SOK (0.64-0.96), and SK (0.54 - 1.09). SOK and SK shows higher evapotranspiration and better growth compared to SO and SOA. SO and SOA simply recognized as 'fully organic' The converting cultivation method from fully chemical fertilizer to fully organic fertilizer was the main hypothesis of this result.

Oil palm and rubber plantations extend over large areas and encompass heterogeneous site conditions. In periods of high rainfall, plants in valleys and at riparian sites are more prone to flooding than plants at elevated topographic positions. We asked to what extent topographic position and flooding affect oil palm and rubber tree water use patterns and thereby influence spatial and temporal heterogeneity of transpiration. In an undulating terrain in the lowlands of Jambi, Indonesia, plantations of the two species were studied in plot pairs consisting of upland and adjacent valley plots. All upland plots were non-flooded, whereas the corresponding valley plots included non-flooded, long-term flooded, and short-term flooded conditions. Within each plot pair, sap flux densities in palms or trees were monitored simultaneously with thermal dissipation probes. In plot pairs with non-flooded valleys, sap flux densities of oil palms were only slightly different between the topographic positions, whereas sap flux densities of rubber trees were higher in the valley than at the according upland site. In pairs with long-term flooded valleys, sap flux densities in valleys were lower than at upland plots for both species, but the reduction was far less pronounced in oil palms than in rubber trees (-22 and -45% in maximum sap flux density, respectively). At these long-term flooded valley plots palm and tree water use also responded less sensitively to fluctuations in micrometeorological variables than at upland plots. In short-term flooded valley plots, sap flux densities of oil palm were hardly affected by flooding, but sap flux densities of rubber trees were reduced considerably. Topographic position and flooding thus affected water use patterns in both oil palms and rubber trees, but the changes in rubber trees were much more pronounced: compared to non-flooded upland sites, the different flooding conditions at valley sites amplified the observed heterogeneity of plot mean water use by a factor of 2.4 in oil palm and by a factor of 4.2 in rubber plantations. Such strong differences between species as well as the pronounced heterogeneity of water use across space and time may be of relevance for eco-hydrological assessments of tropical plantation landscapes.

Rubber tree mono-cultural plantations are expanding. Also, there is an increasing search for 'green' rubber production. Rubber tree cultivation in stands with admixed, spontaneously established native trees, referred to as jungle rubber, has a long tradition on Sumatra. For rubber tree monocultures on mainland Asia, concerns have been raised because of potentially very high tree transpiration rates. The objectives of our study were to analyze tree water use rates and tree soil water uptake depths in mono-cultural and jungle rubber stands with a focus on the role of tree diameter. Sap flux measurements suggest similar water use rates for rubber trees in the two cultivation systems. Stand-level transpiration in jungle rubber was 27% higher than in rubber monocultures, which was related to higher stand densities in jungle rubber stands. A water stable isotope (delta O-18 and delta D) approach suggests different soil water uptake depths for the rubber trees in the two cultivation systems. In a relatively dry period, the main tree water uptake in the monoculture was relatively close to the soil surface, whereas rubber trees in jungle rubber stands mainly took up water from deeper soil strata; here the native trees had their main uptake depth relatively close to the soil surface. This pattern indicates plasticity in rubber tree water uptake and points to competitive displacement. Across rubber trees in both cultivation systems and also among the native trees, there was a clear relationship between tree diameter and soil water uptake depth: bigger trees tended to take up soil water closer to the soil surface. Diameter and density regulation by thinning of big native trees thus appears as a potential management option for influencing water uptake in jungle rubber stands in favor of rubber trees. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations cover large and continuously increasing areas of humid tropical lowlands. Landscapes dominated by oil palms usually consist of a mosaic of mono-cultural, homogeneous stands of varying age, which may be heterogeneous in their water use characteristics. However, studies on the water use characteristics of oil palms are still at an early stage and there is a lack of knowledge on how oil palm expansion will affect the major components of the hydrological cycle. To provide first insights into hydrological landscape-level consequences of oil palm cultivation, we derived transpiration rates of oil palms in stands of varying age, estimated the contribution of palm transpiration to evapotranspiration, and analyzed the influence of fluctuations in environmental variables on oil palm water use. We studied 15 two- to 25-year old stands in the lowlands of Jambi, Indonesia. A sap flux technique with an oil palm specific calibration and sampling scheme was used to derive leaf-, palm- and stand-level water use rates in all stands under comparable environmental conditions. Additionally, in a two- and a 12-year old stand, eddy covariance measurements were conducted to derive evapotranspiration rates. Water use rates per leaf and palm increased 5-fold from an age of 2 years to a stand age of approx. 10 years and then remained relatively constant. A similar trend was visible, but less pronounced, for estimated stand transpiration rates of oil palms; they varied 12-fold, from 0.2 mm day−1 in a 2-year old to 2.5 mm day−1 in a 12-year old stand, showing particularly high variability in transpiration rates among medium-aged stands. Comparing sap flux and eddy-covariance derived water fluxes suggests that transpiration contributed 8 % to evapotranspiration in the 2-year old stand and 53 % in the 12-year old stand, indicating variable and substantial additional sources of evaporation, e.g., from the soil, the ground vegetation and from trunk epiphytes. Diurnally, oil palm transpiration rates were characterized by an early peak between 10 and 11 a.m.; there was a pronounced hysteresis in the leaf water use response to changes in vapor pressure deficit for all palms of advanced age. On the day-to-day basis this resulted in a relatively low variability of oil palm water use regardless of fluctuations in vapor pressure deficit and radiation. We conclude that oil palm dominated landscapes show some spatial variations in (evapo)transpiration rates, e.g., due to varying age-structures, but that the temporal variability of oil palm transpiration is rather low. The stand transpiration of some of the studied oil palm stands was as high or even higher than values reported for different tropical forests, indicating a high water use of oil palms under yet to be explained site or management conditions. Our study provides first insights into the eco-hydrological characteristics of oil palms as well as a first estimate of oil palm water use across a gradient of plantation age. It sheds first light on some of the hydrological consequences of the continuing expansion of oil palm plantations.