Low socioeconomic status is associated with disadvantages in health outcomes and delivery of medical care in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Inequality in the utilisation of biologic treatment is largely unexplored. To explore the potential association of socioeconomic status and time to first biologic treatment in a population-based IBD cohort. All 37,380 IBD incidences between 2000 and 2017 from the Danish National Patient Register were identified and linked to socioeconomic information including educational level, income and occupational status at diagnosis. Hazard ratios for receiving biologic treatment among socioeconomic groups were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. No difference in time between diagnosis and biologic treatment initiation was found comparing patients with upper secondary, vocational, or academic education to those with lower secondary education in patients with IBD. Patients with Crohn’s disease in the two highest income quartiles received biologic treatment earlier (HR 1.16; 95

Objectives To explore current management practices for PMR by general practitioners (GPs) and rheumatologists including implications for clinical trial recruitment. Methods An English language questionnaire was constructed by a working group of rheumatologists and GPs from six countries. The questionnaire focused on: 1: Respondent characteristics; 2: Referral practices; 3: Treatment with glucocorticoids; 4: Diagnostics; 5: Comorbidities; and 6: Barriers to research. The questionnaire was distributed to rheumatologists and GPs worldwide via members of the International PMR/Giant Cell Arteritis Study Group. Results In total, 394 GPs and 937 rheumatologists responded to the survey. GPs referred a median of 25% of their suspected PMR patients for diagnosis and 50% of these were returned to their GP for management. In general, 39% of rheumatologists evaluated patients with suspected PMR >2 weeks after referral, and a median of 50% of patients had started prednisolone before rheumatologist evaluation. Direct comparison of initial treatment showed that the percentage prescribing >25 mg prednisolone daily for patients was 30% for GPs and 12% for rheumatologists. Diagnostic imaging was rarely used. More than half (56%) of rheumatologists experienced difficulties recruiting people with PMR to clinical trials. Conclusion This large international survey indicates that a large proportion of people with PMR are not referred for diagnosis, and that the proportion of treatment-naive patients declined with increasing time from referral to assessment. Strategies are needed to change referral and management of people with PMR, to improve clinical practice and facilitate recruitment to clinical trials.

BACKGROUND:In myasthenia gravis (MG), first-line treatment for MG is acetylcholinesterase inhibitors which alleviates symptoms, but concomitantly may cause autonomic adverse effects.AIMS OF THE STUDY:In this study, we evaluated if symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) are more frequent among MG patients than healthy controls.METHODS:Eighty-three MG patients and 50 healthy sex- and age-matched controls were included and answered the questionnaire "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder Module" (ICIQ-OAB), including questions about polyuria, nocturia, urgency, and stress incontinence. Clinical severity of MG was determined based on three standardized clinical evaluations.RESULTS:Compared to control subjects, MG patients had a higher total OAB score (median 5 [range 0-12] versus 3 [0; 7]) (p < 0.005) with higher scores concerning all four items. Also, MG patients had a higher bother score (10 [0-40] versus 5 [0-40]) (p < 0.05). Patients receiving a daily dose of pyridostigmine of more than 300 mg had a higher OAB score than other patients.CONCLUSIONS:Myasthenia gravis patients have more bothering symptoms of OAB than healthy controls, related to the daily dose of pyridostigmine. To minimize adverse effects in patients with symptoms of OAB, the pyridostigmine dose should be as low as possible.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is characterised by muscle weakness and increased fatigability. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if patients with MG demonstrate different functional chewing patterns and report more complaints related to mastication as compared with healthy controls. Twelve patients (median 60 years Q1–Q3: 46–70) with generalised MG and nine healthy controls (median 57 years Q1–Q3: 55–63) participated. All participants underwent dental and oral examination and were asked to fill in a questionnaire concerning oral health. Static maximum bite force was measured with a bite force transducer, electromyography in the masseter, temporalis, and suprahyoid muscles were recorded, and jaw movement was tracked, during a 5-minute gum chewing test. The patients had more oral complaints (oral health impact profile total score 22.6 vs 7.5 P < 0.01) and had lower peak bite force than controls (18.8kgf (11.1;26.4) (95% CI) vs 29.5 kgf (21.6; 37.4) ( P = 0.04)). In contrast, fatigability of the masticatory muscles, as defined by number of chewing cycles during the gum-chewing test, did not differ between patients and controls ( P = 0.10). In conclusion, patients had more oral complaints and lower bite force than controls, but did not show significantly different functional chewing patterns. Future studies should aim at integrating measurement of peak force into functional tests. Attention should be given to oral complaints of patients with MG.

In Denmark, the annual incidence of paranasal malignancies is approximately 60, often presenting with symptoms from growth into neighbouring structures. This case report is of a primary neuroendocrine paranasal tumour with distant metastases in an 81-year-old woman. Following a tooth extraction, the patient developed left side proptosis. A CT-scan showed a tumour of left ethmoidal sinus with local spreading to orbita, skull base, and contralateral ethmoid, and following scans visualised lymph node infiltration and multiple metastases. Paranasal malignancies can present with symptoms from teeth in upper jaw.