Accurate and rapid identification of quarantine-significant tephritids is critical to global agricultural biosecurity, but the application of deep learning is limited by the lack of large public image datasets. We present Tephritid26, a multi-angle image dataset of 26 tephritid species to address this gap. The dataset includes 38,081 images from 1,473 specimens across seven genera and two subfamilies, assembled through a global collaborative effort to source these regulated species. Specimens were mounted using a novel protocol combining varied thoracic attachment points and pin angles, and a rotational imaging setup then systematically captured each specimen from multiple perspectives to mimic real inspection conditions. The dataset is formatted for machine learning workflows. To demonstrate its utility, we trained deep learning models for species identification. ResNet-50, ConvNeXt-B, Vit-Small and Swin-Tiny all attained high species-level accuracy (Macro-Averaged F1-score > 96.75). Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping confirmed that the models focused on taxonomically informative morphological regions. This dataset serves as a benchmark for developing automated identification tools in phytosanitary applications.

This study aims to analyze the influence of tourist motivation and perceived quality on tourist loyalty, with tourist satisfaction as a mediating variable at the Tanjung Karang sustainable tourism destination in Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi. The research approach used is a quantitative explanatory approach, with a population of all tourists visiting the Tanjung Karang destination during the period of July–September 2025. The research sample consisted of 70 respondents, determined through a purposive sampling technique. While data analysis used Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of this study found that perceived quality was proven to be the main determinant of tourist satisfaction. This result emphasizes the importance of improving facilities, cleanliness, and local community services. Tourist satisfaction has a direct influence on loyalty, confirming that positive experiences are the basis for forming revisit intentions. Tourist motivation did not have a significant effect on satisfaction or loyalty, indicating that psychological drives are not strong enough without the support of good service quality. Satisfaction was proven to mediate the influence of motivation and perceived quality on loyalty, according to the expectation-confirmation theoretical framework and the Motivation–Satisfaction–Loyalty model.

Pesticides are substances widely used to control or eliminate pests, including weeds, insects, and other harmful organisms. Agricultural pesticides, in particular, must meet specific safety and quality standards before being marketed. In this study, the acute and chronic toxicity of metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, and methoxyfenozide were predicted using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis through the EPI Suite program. Furthermore, in vivo testing was conducted to evaluate skin irritation, eye irritation, and skin sensitization based on modified OECD 404, OECD 405, and OECD 406 guidelines. The QSAR analysis indicated that all three pesticides have low acute and chronic toxicity profiles. In the skin irritation and skin sensitization tests, metsulfuron-methyl (100 mg), nicosulfuron (125 mg), and methoxyfenozide (150 mg) showed a primary irritation score of 0 and a sensitization score of 0, indicating no irritant or sensitization effects on rabbit and guinea pig skin. In the eye irritation test, metsulfuron-methyl caused mild conjunctival redness and eyelid swelling, with an average irritation score of 1.25, classifying it as a mild irritant (Category 2B). In contrast, nicosulfuron and methoxyfenozide did not cause any observable eye irritation, with an irritation score of 0. These findings suggest that while metsulfuron-methyl may cause mild eye irritation, all three pesticides are non-irritating to the skin and do not induce skin sensitization. This research provides essential toxicological data for regulatory safety evaluations and underscores the importance of integrating QSAR analysis with in vivo methods to assess pesticide safety comprehensively.

Insecticides are widely used to protect agricultural and plantation products from pests and plant-disrupting organisms. Prior to market distribution, pesticide-containing products must undergo safety evaluations, including assessments of potential skin and eye irritation and allergic responses. In this study, we conducted one of the first comparative in vivo evaluations of commercial insecticidal formulations containing cypermethrin (Gusano 300 EC), pymetrozine (Vorum 50 WG), and indoxacarb-emamectin benzoate (Endorse Plus 160/20 OD) using internationally recognized protocols based on OECD 404 (skin irritation), OECD 405 (eye irritation), and OECD 406 (skin sensitization). The results showed that the cypermethrin formulation caused minimal skin irritation, mild eye irritation, and skin sensitization. The pymetrozine formulation did not cause skin irritation or sensitization but induced mild eye irritation. The indoxacarb-emamectin Benzoate formulation caused mild eye irritation and skin sensitization, with minimal skin irritation. These findings contribute novel data to the toxicological profile of these pesticide formulations and support future safety evaluations and regulatory assessments.

Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae are major pests of various commodities that could cause significant losses, if not controlled. Insecticide usage is a common control carried out by farmers. The test was conducted to determine the toxicity level of several types of insecticides on the mortality of two different fruit fly species. The fruit fly population used in the study came from the collection owned by Center for Forecasting Plant Pest Organisms (BBPOPT), Karawang. The research method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design. The test was carried out using the dry film method. The concentration ranges used were 0.02-1 ml/L fipronil insecticide, 0.01-0.6 ml/L ethion insecticide, 0.02-0.6 ml/L deltamethrin insecticide, and 0.02-0.8 ml/L lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide. The control treatment used was acetone alone. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Mortality was observed at 1, 3, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Cumulative mortality at 48 hours after treatment was analyzed using probit to determine the LC50 and LC95 values ​​at 48 hours. The results showed that the insecticide deltamethrin was the most toxic insecticide to B. carambolae with an LC50 value of 0.025 ml/L and an LC95 of 0.646 ml/L. Ethion was the most toxic insecticide for B. dorsalis with LC50 values ​​of 0.046 ml/L and LC95 of 0.746 ml/L. The LC50 values ​​of all insecticide treatments for two different species were below the recommended concentrations.

Spodoptera frugiperda Smith adalah hama utama pada tanaman jagung. Informasi tentang siklus hidup dan sintasan hama ini penting untuk pengendalian yang tepat dan efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui siklus hidup dan kesintasan S. frugiperda di beberapa daerah di Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Juni–Agustus 2020. Sampel diambil dari beberapa daerah yang terbagi dalam 3 kategori, yaitu dataran tinggi Kecamatan Lembang (1.100 m dpl), dataran menengah Kecamatan Jatinangor (858 m dpl), dan dataran rendah Kecamatan Tarikolot (103 m dpl). Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode observasi untuk mempelajari pengaruh perbedaan ketinggian tempat terhadap populasi, siklus hidup, dan kesintasan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada lama perkembangan S. frugiperda di antara tiga dataran daerah yang berbeda. Rata-rata lama perkembangan S. fugiperda, yaitu 24,55 hari (dataran tinggi), 24,36 hari (dataran menengah), dan 24,07 hari (dataran rendah). Persentase kesintasan S. frugiperda asal dataran tinggi, menengah, dan rendah pada fase telur adalah 95,44%, 97,34%, dan 96,89%, pada fase larva 98,46%, 98,65%, dan 98,48%, dan pada fase pupa 87,63%, 88,08%, dan 93,43%. Nisbah kelamin S. frugiperda asal dataran tinggi 1:1, asal dataran menengah 1:1,28, dan asal dataran rendah 1:0,89. Lokasi tidak memengaruhi parameter lebar kapsul kepala pada S. frugiperda. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, diketahui bahwa siklus hidup, kesintasan, dan nisbah kelamin S. frugiperda asal beberapa daerah tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan.

An important pest of maize is a new invasive species called Spodoptera frugiperda, , also known as the fall armyworm (FAW), , causing a considerable economic impact in Indonesia since 2019. This insect has a large host range, a quick generation time at the right temperature, a high rate of reproduction, and a high dispersal capacity. In population ecology and pest management, fitness and survival are crucial. This research was aimed to determine some biological aspects and demographic statistics of three FAW populations (lowland, midland, and highland) in a laboratory setting with 25 +/- 2 degrees C,75 +/- 5% relative humidity, and a 12:12 (L:D) hour photoperiod. Findings indicated no variation in the length of the FAW life stage or its reproductive capacity. Nonetheless, notable variations were noted in the average fecundity of females, with FAW of the highland population laying the most eggs (1242.1 eggs). FAW had the shortest mean generation time (T), the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)), the finite rate of increase (2), and the highest net reproductive rate (R-0) of the highland population. Overall FAW collected from highland, midland, and lowland can adapt well when brought to a laboratory with a constant temperature at 25 +/- 2 degrees C without detriment to the parameters of the life table. The knowledge gained from this study is crucial for managing FAW because it improves comprehension of its life cycle and adaptability to various altitudes, enabling us to take appropriate action to stop its spread.

Desa Cibiru Wetan di Kecamatan Cileunyi, Kabupaten Bandung adalah salah satu desa dengan mata pencaharian penduduk yang bervariasi, salah satunya adalah petani. Komoditas yang diproduksi oleh warga desa disini adalah padi dan palawija atau sayur-mayur. Komoditas tersebut memiliki potensi yang baik untuk dikembangkan menjadi sumber perekonomian. Akan tetapi, keberadaan hama tikus mengancam penurunan produksi hingga harus segera diatasi agar dapat memberikan kesejahteraan yang lebih kepada warga setempat. Rodentisida secara umum merupakan salah satu jenis pestisida yang digunakan untuk membunuh hama pengerat tanaman terutama tikus. Penggunaan rodentisida harus sesuai dikarenakan kandungan racun yang terdapat di dalamnya. Pembuatan rodentisida alternatif secara mandiri dapat menjadi opsi untuk mengurangi biaya pengeluaran. Program pengabdian masyarakat yang ditujukan kepada penduduk Desa Cibiru Wetan ini menggunakan metode theoretical dan practical. Metode theoretical berupa pencerdasan dalam bentuk workshop dengan judul “Pelatihan Pembuatan Rodentisida untuk Mengendalikan Tikus” yang disajikan dalam bentuk presentasi terkait bagaimana cara membuat rodentisida kronik secara mandiri dengan bahan yang tersedia dan terjangkau. Selanjutnya, metode practical yaitu kegiatan praktik dan demonstrasi langsung di lapangan, dimulai dari proses produksi rodentisida, pengaplikasian di lokasi rawan populasi hama tikus, hingga penilaian efektivitasnya di lahan. Rodentisida yang telah diproduksi pada saat pelatihan kemudian diaplikasikan pada lahan Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT). dan dinilai memiliki efektifitas yang baik melalui penemuan bangkai tikus serta pernyataan para ibu KWT. Rodentisida alternatif yang dibuat secara mandiri terbukti mampu mengurangi populasi hama tikus di lahan pertanian Desa Cibiru Wetan

Corn, a crucial food crop in Indonesia, faces significant challenges from pests such as Spodoptera spp., impacting agricultural productivity and industrial applications. This study aimed to study the diversity and attack percentage of Spodoptera spp. on corn plants, along with the employed control techniques. The research was conducted using a survey method through field observation and farmer interviews. The insect sampling was carried out by purposive sampling, while the sampling of plants using the diagonal sampling method was done in three areas that were representative of the West Java province, Indonesia (Sumedang Regency, Cirebon Regency, and Bandung Regency). The results showed that Spodoptera frugiperda or fall armyworm has emerged as a dominant pest in all three areas. The diversity index (H′) of S. frugiperda across the Cirebon Regency, Bandung Regency, and Sumedang Regency was consistently low (<1). Varying infestation rates across districts, with the Cirebon Regency showing lower rates and Bandung and Sumedang Regencies exhibiting medium-level infestation. Farmers in Bandung and Sumedang Regencies are adopting a more diverse pest management strategy, including the regular monitoring and manual collection of larvae. In addition, the survey shows a positive relationship between the knowledge, skills, and attitude of farmers, suggesting that acquiring more information and understanding agricultural techniques contribute to effective task execution and foster positive mindsets. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on the regional variations in Spodoptera spp. dynamics, providing valuable insights for sustainable pest management in the corn cultivation of the West Java Province, Indonesia.

The Tephritidae is one of the largest families of Diptera with high diversity and globally wide distribution, including a range of important agricultural pests. However, the origin, phylogeny and evolution history of Tephritidae remain poorly understood. We undertook the first comprehensive mitogenomic study covering phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence time estimation and historical biogeography analyses by analyzing 147 mitochondrial genomes representing three subfamilies, seven tribes, 11 genera and 82 species. The results recovered all the three subfamilies, seven tribes and 11 genera as monophyletic group. Within Dacini subfamily, our phylogeny strongly supported the sister group relationship of (Zeugodacus + Dacus) + Bactrocera, which further supported to raise Zeugodacus as generic level of Dacini. On the other hand, our molecular phylogenetic analyses did not align well with the currently recognized subgeneric designations within Ceratitis, Dacus and Zeugodacus. Some subgenera were recovered as polyphyletic or paraphyletic, implying the incongruence between morphological characters and mitogenomic data. Neither the taxa within the Ceratitis FARQ complex nor those within the Bactrocera dorsalis complex could be clearly distinguished as distinct species corresponding to the morphospecies by mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Divergence time estimation and historical biogeography analyses indicated that the earliest common ancestor of the Tephritidae, originated in the Palearctic realm at 138.92-71.44 Ma, with the subsequent divergence into Dacinae + Trypetinae and Tephritinae at 115.19-67.45 Ma equally in the Palearctic realm. Dacini might have originated in Laurasia rather than Gondwana and diverged into Bactrocera and Dacus + Zeugodacus at 48.43-28.70 Ma after India plate docked with Laurasia.

Oleander ( Nerium oleander L.) is a shrubbery plant with various functions as an ornamental, medicinal, bio-fungicide, and bio-insecticide. The study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity assay of methanolic extract of oleander leaves on fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith). The study was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) for upper and lower concentrations. The upper and lower concentrations’ results were calculated to find the intervals and then used to determine the Lethal Concentration (LC) with four repetitions using probit analysis. In addition, the mortality, food, and weight were calculated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that concentration interval values from the lower limit to the high of the extract of methanol oleander leaves were: 0.23%; 0.32%; 0.45%; 0.63%; and 0.88%. The probit analysis showed that the toxicity of oleander extract concentrations at 48 Hours after Treatment (HAT) was LC 50 by 0.86% and LC 95 by 2.42%. The lethal concentration on the last day (D-20) of LC 50 and LC 95 was 0.54% and 1.76%, respectively. During the 20 days of the observation period, fall armyworm larvae only consumed 162.36±13.48 mg of baby corn at the highest concentration (0.88%), compared to 665.47±22.60 mg at the control. The oleander extract also affected the larvae’s weight and time consumption. The resulting concentration of extracts of oleander methanol can be used to control fall armyworm larvae.

Fruit fly ( Bactrocera spp.) is one of the most important pest of crystal guava. The use of bottle as a trap with methyl eugenol block (ME block) as an attractant is commonly applied to control the population of fruit fly. The objective of this research was to determine the most effective height level of the trap to capture fruit fly. This experiment was conducted at the Great Giant Foods, Lampung. The experiment was arranged in the randomized block design which consisted of 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were trap height level at 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm, 125 cm, 150 cm, and 175 cm above the ground. Each trap was laced with 2 ml of ME block. The results showed that height variations affected the number of captured fruit fly in crystal guava field. The best trap for catching fruit flies on crystal guavas that have been produced for more than a year old that have 150 cm tall plants is one with a height level of 125 cm. The fruit flies caught were identified as Bactrocera dorsalis and B. carambolae .

Abstract Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are the major pests on mangoes that constrain the efforts to increase the production and quality of mangoes, causing yield losses of up to 100%. Kuningan Regency is one of the largest mango-producing areas in West Java. However, there is no study about the species of fruit fly in the mango plantation at Kuningan Regency, West Java. This study aimed to fruit fly inventory on Gedong Gincu, Arumanis, and Cengkir mangoes. The research used a survey method and was analyzed using descriptive analysis. Purposive sampling was used to determine mango samples by randomly selecting fruits that were attacked by fruit flies from mango fields owned by farmers, wholesalers, and markets in Sukadana Village, Ciawigebang District, Kuningan Regency, West Java. The samples were taken to the Plant Pest Laboratory at Universitas Padjadjaran for incubation till the appearance of imago. The findings showed that the Bactrocera dorsalis complex consisted of B. dorsalis, B. carambolae, and interspecific crosses. The fruit fly diversity index was considerably low (0.21B. dorsalis was determined to be the predominant species in all mango variety and locations, with a value of 95.12%.

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) possess high diversity and globally wide distribution, including a range of important agricultural pests. However, the origin, phylogeny and divergence history remain poorly understood. We undertook the first comprehensive mitogenomic study covering phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence time estimation and historical biogeography analyses by analyzing 147 mitochondrial genomes representing three subfamilies, seven tribes, 11 genera and 82 species. The results recovered all the three subfamilies, seven tribes and 11 genera as monophyletic group. Within Dacini subfamily, our phylogeny strongly supported the sister group relationship of (Zeugodacus + Dacus) + Bactrocera, which further supported to raise Zeugodacus as generic level of Dacini. On the other hand, our molecular phylogenetic analyses did not align well with the currently recognized subgeneric designations within Ceratitis, Dacus and Zeugodacus. Some subgenera were recovered as polyphyletic or paraphyletic, implying the incongruence between morphological characters and mitogenomic data. Neither the taxa within the Ceratitis FARQ complex nor those within the Bactrocera dorsalis complex could be clearly distinguished as distinct species corresponding to the morphospecies by mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Divergence time estimation and historical biogeography analyses indicated that the earliest common ancestor of the Tephritidae, originated in the Palearctic realm at 138.92-71.44 Ma, with the subsequent divergence into Dacinae + Trypetinae and Tephritinae at 115.19-67.45 Ma equally in the Palearctic realm. Dacini might have originated in Laurasia rather than Gondwana and diverged into Bactrocera and Dacus + Zeugodacus at 48.43-28.70 Ma after India plate docked with Laurasia.

The fruit fly is one of the detrimental pests to mango production in Indonesia. Information about fruit fly species in the mango production areas is pivotal for analyzing pest risk assessment, developing appropriate standards for plant quarantine treatment, and managing its control programs. This study aims to analyze the fruit fly abundance and composition among three mango cultivars ("Gedong Gincu," "Cengkir" and "Arumanis") in Indramayu, Majalengka and Sumedang Regencies, Indonesia. The mangoes were selected randomly by hand collecting from trees, middlemen and traditional vendors. All collected fruits were transferred to the laboratory. The fruits were retained in the cages until the fruit fly imagoes emerged. The results showed that Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, and an interspecific hybrid of both species were found on mangoes from all study sites. The Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius) was merely found on mangoes in Sumedang Regency. The B. dorsalis was the dominant species in all mango cultivars. The nutritional content of mangoes did not correlate with the abundance, species diversity and weight of fruit fly pupae.

Background and Objective: Worldwide, Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera dorsalis are important pests in horticultural commodities. Based on the trapping with methyl eugenol attractant, it was found that the intermediate morphology between B. carambolae and B. dorsalis. This study observed the comparative biology and survivability of the interspecific and intraspecific hybrids B. carambolae and B. dorsalis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Indonesian Center of Forecasting Plant Pest Organisms (BBPOPT) and Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. The method is an experimental method with a randomized block design that involves parental fecundity and survival test (four treatments and six replications) and fecundity and fertility tests (eight treatments and four replications). Results: The results showed a bigger reduction in the fecundity of hybrid parents of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis on interspecific rather than an intraspecific hybrid. The longevity of survival and development of eggs and larvae stages hybrid B. carambolae (♂). Moreover, the fecundity of F1 hybrids was increased compared to the hybrid parents and the fertility was in the range of 79.00-96.75%. Conclusion: Interspecific mating of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis have the potential to survive in nature.

Lalat tentara hitam atau Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens merupakan serangga biokonverter yang mampu mengubah berbagai jenis sampah organik menjadi biomassa larva yang dapat dimanfaatkan salah satunya sebagai pakan ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil biomassa larva BSF yang ditanam pada limbah kulit ari kedelai dan kulit pisang. Percobaan terdiri dari enam perlakuan yang diuji yaitu fermentasi dan non-fermentasi dari tiga substrat yaitu kulit ari kedelai, kulit pisang, dan pakan ayam sebagai kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari dengan parameter kinerja pertumbuhan yang terukur meliputi tingkat konsumsi substrat (D), indeks pengurangan limbah (WRI), efisiensi konversi pakan yang dicerna (ECD), waktu pengembangan dan durasi makan, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, prapupa biomassa, dan rasio jenis kelamin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai WRI pada sekam kedelai (difermentasi atau tidak) tidak berbeda nyata dengan pakan ayam (kontrol) (P>0,05). Larva BSF yang diberi makan kulit pisang memiliki nilai ECD tertinggi, yaitu 37,58%. Sedangkan larva yang diberi pakan ayam fermentasi menghasilkan bobot biomassa prapupa tertinggi, yaitu 32,6 mg. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kulit ari kedelai memiliki pengaruh yang sama dengan pakan ayam terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan larva BSF.

Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is the main pest for brassicas and can potentially cause 90% yield losses. Currently the most effective control method is the use of insecticides, with spinetoram Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation as one of the newest insecticide generations against this pest. However, there are some limitations in current SC formulations, including run-off issues owing to poor wettability, which may cause low efficacy and severe environmental contamination. Nano formulations that involve very small particles of an insecticide active ingredient could be promising candidates to solve this issue. Therefore, this study aims to prepare spinetoram nano suspension formulations using two modifications milling techniques NS1 and NS2, with various sized ZrO2 beads and evaluated their toxicity against 3rd larvae instars of P. xylostella. The PSA and SEM confirmed that NS1 and NS2 produced nano-sized particles pre-milled (2299.44 nm) to smaller than 100 nm. NS1 and NS2 improved the attachment and penetration of spinetoram into the leaf surface as provided a lower contact angle NS1 (56.98°), NS2 (55.82°), SC (80.03°). The LC50 of NS1 and NS2 with the wetting agent test improved the toxicity by 33% (NS1: 0.0061) and 7% (NS2: 0.0085) compared with SC (0.0091). Without the inclusion of the wetting agent, the spinetoram samples were 46% (NS1: 0.0138) and 41% (NS2: 0.0181) more toxic than SC (0.0256). This result was concluded that spinetoram nano suspension formulations can be administered at low doses as indicating their greater safety, and environmental friendliness than basic SC.

The aquatic ecosystems in rice fields has macroorganisms such as aquatic arthropods which have an important function in the food web. The siam weed and neem cake can be utilized as organic fertilizer to support the productivity and biodiversity of the paddy field, This research aims to understand application of organic fertilizer on diversity of aquatic arthropods and black rice performance in the field ecosystem. The experiment was carried out in paddy field at Jatinangor from January to June 2020. The method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Complete Block Design consisted of five treatments (neem cake, siam weed compost, cow manure, synthetic fertilizer and control) with six replications. The result showed that the abundances of aquatic arthropods have tendency to be higher in neem cake at 1104 individuals and siam weed compost treatments at 905 individuals compared to the cow manure, NPK and control. Furthermore, the diversity index of the aquatic arthropods in all treatments were categorized as moderate with details as follow neem cake (H’=1,726), cow manure (H’=1,450); synthetic fertilizer (H’=1,458); siam weed compost (H’=1,450) and control (H’=1,502). In addition, the evenness index (E) of aquatic arthropods was higher in neem cake treatment (E=0,623) compared to other treatments. Whereas, the dominance index (C) and richness index (R) in all treatments showed no dominant species and it classified as low category. The results also showed that the siam weed compost were not significantly different with all treaments except NPK (synthetic fertilizer) in plant hight, tiller number and SPAD value.