Several simple methods were performed to recycle compact discs (CDs) using an alkaline solution. The hydrophilic silica nanoparticles were incorporated into the recycled deinked polycarbonate CDs, and these particles affected the dielectric, structure, and thermal properties of the recycled polycarbonates. The thermal properties of recycled CDs were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). No significant change in the thermal stability of polycarbonate/silica nanocomposites was observed with the mechanical/chemical modifications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the structural aspects, showing a correlation between crystallinity, silica nanoparticles, and modification methods. The mechanically treated sample after chemical handling had the lowest degree of crystallinity (48 %), showing that the modification methods enhanced the formation of the amorphous state, thus affecting its dielectric properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterized the CD samples' microstructure and morphology. Finally, the dielectric properties were studied using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) in the 101-106 Hz range. The samples prepared using chemical and mechanical treatments were of low dielectric loss. This increases its importance when such samples are used as antistatic charge materials. For these reasons, recycled PC/SiO2 nanocomposites are recommended as effective packaging materials for electronic components.

The formed lyotropic liquid crystals phases via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), adopting the hydrothermal and seed-mediate techniques was prepared to reduce silver nitrate (AgNO3) for shape and size controlled silver oxide nanoparticles production. Starting the reaction, PVP was coordinated with Ag+ to carry out the oxide forms of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarizing optical microscope (POM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results have shown that, XRD confirmed the lattice structure of synthesized silver oxide nanoparticles. The topographic behavior of electronic surface scanning exhibits nice porous nanoparticles of silver oxide. In addition, the DSC thermal bands have a good agreement with POM transition phases. Long silver nanowires with lengths of 10-17 mu m and width 0.08-2.6 mu m, while the pores size of porous silver nanoparticles with varying sizes from 55 nm to 118 nm are produced. The produced nano particles in nematic cholesteric liquid crystals has significant influence on the self-assemblies of the cholesteric system.

The development of novel ionic liquid crystals for energy storage applications has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to develop the field of energy storage. Ionic liquid crystals represent a unique class of materials with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability, making them ideal candidates for use in advanced energy storage devices. This research aims to explore the fundamental properties, structure and liquid crystals performance of these novel materials, with the goal of advancing their practical application in next-generation energy storage technologies. By understanding the structure-function relationship of ionic liquid crystals, researchers can tailor their properties to meet specific energy storage requirements, such as high energy density, fast charging capabilities, and long cycle life. This study seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field of energy storage by investigating the potential of novel ionic liquid crystals as efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions. The two ionic liquid crystals show mesomorphic behavior and typical zwitterion characteristics that revealed by the cyclic voltammetry techniques. These materials uploaded with lithium ions for more stability and higher ionic conductivity.

Developing innovative ionic liquid crystals for energy storage applications has drawn much attention recently, with a high possibility of getting high-potential materials for the advanced energy storage industry. Ionic Liquid Crystalline Materials provide exceptional ionic conductivity and thermal stability as a special family of materials that are well-suited for application in advanced energy storage technologies. In order to enhance these innovative materials' practical application in next-generation energy storage technologies, this research attempts to investigate their basic characteristics, structure, and liquid crystalline performance for one of these kinds of materials. By examining the potential of innovative ionic liquid crystals as effective and sustainable energy storage solutions, this study aims to add to the expanding corpus of knowledge in the field of energy storage a new material that owns charge mobilities in energy storage devices. Cyclic voltammetry techniques showed that this ionic liquid crystal exhibits mesomorphic behavior and typical zwitterion features. Lithium ions have been added to certain materials to increase their ionic conductivity and stability.

The surface mechanical alloying (SMA) technique achieved high capacitances, improved capacitance (C) and dielectric permittivity (& epsilon;& PRIME;) of mixed Aluminum/fiber-glass 'Al/F-glass' formed on aluminum plates. The radiofrequency RF range 0.1-106 Hz was applied on the Al/F-glass on Al plates, acting as parallel electrodes sandwiching the mixed ceramic Al/F-glass as dielectric. Capacitance increase observed after surface alloying on treated Al with small 1.5 balls than 6 mm balls on Al-plate & 1 A l-plate 2 respectively, giving twice the permittivity constant of the annealed Al. Deformation micro-scale cavities in Al surfaces played important role in raising capacitance and permittivity values; Interpreted as condensers inside a condenser caused capacitance increase according Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect. Dielectric relaxation model Havriliak-Negami Model was used to examine the occurrence of the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect in alloyed Al/F-glass surfaces on Al plates, which confirms micro-cavities important role due to pre-treatment of Al surfaces.

Abstract One of the main issues facing environmental and human health protection is managing and further use of waste tires. Upcycling is a successful recycling strategy that aims to incorporate shredded discarded tires into polymer blends to create products with added value for different uses. Two-roll mill laboratories mixer were used to prepare low-cost, flexible magnetic composites based on an EPDM rubber/ground waste tyres (GRW) blend as a host matrix and waste iron powders (WIP) as dispersed filler. Tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness (shore A) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to evaluate the physico-mechanical properties of the produced blends. The thermal properties of the produced blends were also tested using thermo gravimetric analysis, and the morphology of the blends was observed using a scan electron microscope. The electrical and magnetic properties of the mixtures were also tested. The elemental analysis of the WIP sample showed that it contains about 2.19% SiO2, 76.57% Fe2O3 and 21.24% O2, respectively. Mainly, the investigated mechanical parameters (elongation at break & hardness) increased with increasing the WIP content. A notable decrease of tensile strength upon reaching 50phr WIP is noticed. Enhancement in the thermal stability of EPDM/WIP composites is noticed by increasing WIP content. SEM micrographs detect agglomerates at higher WIP content, resulting in mechanical properties' failure. Moreover, the values ε'& ε' improved by rising WIP content. Also, the electrical conductivity "σ" reaches 10− 4 S/cm for 60 phr WIP. Further, the EPDM/WIP composites may be appropriate for creating soft magnetic materials, which have several applications.

In this work, ZnSnO3/ZnO/cellulose acetate nanocomposites have been efficiently fabricated by simple wet chemical co-precipitation and drop casting techniques. The study characterized the nanocomposite's micro-structure, morphology, dielectric and impedance spectra, dynamic mechanical analyses, and antibacterial per-formance. The XRD results reveal the production of composite materials, including well-split materials of nanocrystalline nature, from both constitutive organic and non-organic materials. With the addition of nano -particles to the cellulose acetate, the real components of electrical conductivity, permittivity, and impedance behaviors exhibit improved performances as a function of frequency dependence. The results of the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the nanocomposite has a significant impact on the DMA parameters at Tg (storage modulus, loss modulus, loss tangent, stiffness, and viscosity modulus) by enhancing interfacial adhesion and optimizing the stress transition demand and power dissipation between the CAmatrix and nano -particles. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of nanocomposites films is more effective against E. coli (G-ve) bacteria with a relatively wide diameter than against S.aureus (G+ve) bacteria. This ZS/ZO/CA matrix, which is supported by ZS/ZO nanostructures, is intended to be structural mechanical elements in structural engineering, electrochemical solid state systems, and antibacterial.

Triazole bent-core mesogens based on symmetrical bent-shaped of two 1,2,3-triazole ring arms were synthesized and characterized. The the thermail stability of those new synthesised mesogens from the embient temperature to 215 degrees C giving mesogenic phase transitions over a wide temperature range is investigated. A study of different substituents located on the rigid bentcore was carried out for compact supramolecular innovated architectures which were produced by self-assembly of many triazoles soft crystals with a liquid crystals behaviour. The synthetic procedures, characterizations and polymorphism of four novel bent-core mesogens comprising symmetrical 1,2,3-triazole arms were demonstrated. The preparation process was carried out through"click chemistry" via Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition of nitro- and alkyl-substituted aromatic azides with aromatic compounds, comprising terminal alkyne groups and long alkyl or alkoxy side-chains. The triazole derivatives were fully characterized by 1H/13C NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis. The mesophases and textures were examined by employing polarizing optical microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The analogues with shorter alkoxy terminal substituents displayed higher mesomorphic properties with wide mesomorphic temperature ranges compared to analogues with shorter alkoxy terminals. The morphological characteristics of the self-assembled triazoles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which demonstrated arrangement of highly ordered columnar architectures. These orders were driven by layer to next layer adjacent influences and 7C-7C stacking. The effect of 1,2,3-triazole ring and length of terminal aliphatic chains on the liquid crystalline performance were discussed. Through an appropriate choice of lateral structures employing "click chemistry", both transition temperature and mesophases ranging from isotropic to columnar or B1/B4-like supramolecular liquid crystalline aggregates can be tuned.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) /Tetrazine liquid crystal (LCTZ12) nanocomposites with different CNTs loadings have been prepared. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using polarizing light micro-scope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) in the range 10-1-106 Hz respectively. The most commonly observed texture of soft crystal phases was that of a mosaic pattern, as revealed by the POM technique. PMMA alone does not change the polarization states and appeared as isotropic material, but once LCTZ12 is added, crystal growth could be clearly noticed in the needle pattern inside the polymer matrix to compose an amazing structure of soft crystal G texture. The increase of LCTZ12 to about 20 wt% in the PMMA matrix led to more heterogeneous aggregation of liquid crystalline molecules. This ratio addition is enhancing of network connections inside the PMMA. Moreover, the dispersion of carbon nanotubes mounted on catalysts is found to accumulate in segre-gations in PMMA/ LCTZ12 nanocomposites. However, the location of CNTs is concentrated at bottom of polymer network due to the large difference in densities of LCs, PMMA, and CNTs. DSC is in agreement with the POM result of LCTZ12, which has multi soft crystals or highly self-assembled ordered liquid crystal phases near to room temperature. The FTIR proved that blend PMMA/ LCTZ12 (80/20) has a dramatic increase in the 1387 cm-1 peak of C = C as a response of the rise in the concentration or number of aromatic rings. Additionally, the vibrational scissoring peak located at 1477 cm-1 of methylene CH2 groups is increased significantly and C-H stretching in aliphatic regions at 2850 cm-1 and 2990 cm-1 as well. However, there is no significant change observed after CNTs addition to the PMMA/ 20 wt% LCTZ12 matrix. Regarding dielectric results, it was found that, the polymer dispersed liquid crystals PDLC system composed of (PMMA/20 wt% LCTZ12) possesses the most promising dielectric properties, that is; high dielectric permittivity with low losses compared to the other ratios. The addition of CNTs results in more localization of charge carriers along with mobile ions, causing higher ionic conductivity. The conductivity ranges altered from 3.2 x 10-10 S/cm in pure PDLC system to become 1.7 x 10-3 S/cm for PDLC doped with 10 wt% CNTs nanocomposite. The electrical energy density measurements for 3,6-bis(5-(Dodecyloxy) pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (LCTZ12) liquid crystals with 6 cationic centers in poly-meric matrices proved to be suitable for flexible and efficient electrolytes for energy storage devices.

Surface mechanical alloying ‘SMA’ with Si powder on Al was used to achieve surface composite with improved dielectric properties compared with coarse-grained and annealed Al composites. Measured Dielectric constant ε', dielectric loss ε" and Capacitance CμF versus increasing frequencies (105-108 Hz) exhibit a frequency dependent behavior of composite containing Al-Si solid solution in a voltage range from 0.1 to 0.5 V at room temperature. Found that an increase of Si content in surface composite results in ε, tan δ & C increase due to formed solid solutions between Al & Si after SMA on pre-severe plastic deformed Al substrates. Concluding the important role played by the severe plastic deformed microstructure of Al electrode in controlling dielectric properties of Al surface containing Al-Si composite.

Poloxamers possess unique gelling properties for use in drug delivery applications; however, their rheological and drug release properties are significantly affected by change in pH. In the current work, the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on rheological, liquid crystal properties of poloxamer 407 (PL) gel, and release of metronidazole drug at different pH values at 37 °C was studied. Addition of CNCs resulted in increasing the gelling temperature of PL prepared using water, pH 4.8 or 8 buffers. At 37 °C, CNCs resulted in improving strength of PL gel prepared in pH 4.8 and 8 buffers while their addition increased gel strength of PL prepared in water only at concentrations ≥ 3.75

Ultra-hydrophobic (UH) surfaces have gained a great attention due to the high potential for tremendous applications. Simplified preparation technique was used with low-cost value to produce UH nano-composites coating. Copolymer nano-composites have numerous advantages as a flexible coating through the huge covering volume/area. The molecular weight of prepared copolymer was defined with gel permeation chromatography. UH coating films were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic laser scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, and dielectrically study. The contact angle of UH coating film and surface area were measured. Copolymer coating with 9% loaded ratio of nanocomposite given 132° contact angel with excellent nano particle size, and surface area. The zeta potential results indicated to perfect stability of ecofriendly emulsified coating. The main aim of research was verified the ability of prepared copolymer nano-composites as a UH self-cleaning coating film on different applications especially solar panel and packaging substrates.

New approach for composite material (NMC) based on nicotinic acid (NA) and methyl cellulose (MC) is reported. This kind of material has pros as nontoxic, biocompatible, renewable from available raw materials. The preparation and characterizations of the composite were made using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Thermo gravimetric analyses (TGA and DTA) and Zeta potential. The dielectric broadband spectroscopy studies for dielectric relaxation and conductivity properties are investigated and determined. The FTIR has confirmed the diffusion reaction of nicotinic acid with methyl cellulose forming the antistatic charge composite with good thermal stability up to 250 degrees C. The dielectric relaxations reveal enhancement to the methyl cellulose to be antistatic charges material with conductivity range 10(-9)-10(-6) S/cm. The Zeta potential result-66 mV shows excellent stability for colloidal composite which promises easier ways in application as spray paint on surfaces that is accumulating static charge.

Tunable photonic optical bandgaps materials and devices have attracted many interests since the beginning of the second millennia. The cholesteric liquid crystals and their mixtures are having the ability to tune photonic bandgaps. This research article is presenting ternary and binary cholesteric liquid crystals which are based on Cholesteryl Oleyl Carbonate COC, Cholesteryl Benzoate CB, and Cholesteryl Nonanoate CN. The six composed mixtures are suitable for tunability adaptation and have been studied by Polarizing optical microscope POM to investigating the formed textures. The differential scanning Calorimetry DSC measurements were performed to determine the thermal stability and phase transitions for both composing materials and composed mixtures. The optical properties as Maximum wavelength (λmax), full width half maximum (FWHM), and photonic bandgap energy (Ug) determination have been determined for all composed mixtures at different temperatures. Interestingly, the bandgap is tuned overall IR-Vis-UV bands with different percentages of cholesteric liquid crystalline materials and concerning to their twist power of the imposed helical structures. The optimum tuned bandgap is produced in mixtures coded AMJ3 and AMJ4.

Museums and libraries hold many of archives which include photographic prints. These prints are affected by the ultraviolet rays in these places, whether it is from natural or industrial sources. This paper presents the assessment of the effect of UV rays on white and black gelatin photograph prints. Experimental samples were processed. Samples were exposed to ultraviolet rays. Photochemical and mechanical degradation was assessed before and after exposure. Mechanical change was assessed by testing tensile strength, elongation, and penetration strength. Colour change were assessed by using the CIE Lab system. Scanning Electron Microscope with signal unit elemental analysis (SEM-EDX) to assess morphology of surface. XRF analysis was used to identify change in the proportion of the elements that make up the image. ATR-IR spectroscopy to recognize the change in absorption frequency bands and the functional groups in the molecular of gelatin. UV radiation have a negative effect on the image of silver gelatin photograph prints.

High-dielectric constant (high-K) polymer nanocomposites based on nematic liquid crystals and CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO) nanoparticles have been prepared. The host matrix is polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) in which LC (E7) droplets are dispersed in different polymer blends ratios of poly vinyl chloride/poly aniline (PVC/PANI). The PDLC (PVC/PANI/E7) in the appropriated ratios; (90/10/5), (75/25/5), and (50/50/5) were composited with 10 wt% CCTO nanoparticles. The IR spectra recorded for the PDLC nanocomposites present a spectrum similar to that of pure PDLC but with a slight shift of the peak positions. The addition of PANI and CCTO to PDLC enhances the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. SEM demonstrates agglomerates of CCTO dispersed in the polymer textures. Moreover, the addition of E7 facilitates the integration of PANI in PDLC matrix. The broadband dielectric spectrum shows high-frequency relaxation in addition to low-frequency interfacial polarization (Maxwell-Wagner type polarization). Besides, epsilon ' at 50 Hz is in the order of 10(5)for PDLC/CCTO (50/50/5/10) nanocomposite. In addition, the computed energy density is found to be 74.66 J/cm(3). This presumed ratio could be accentuated as a potential candidate for energy storage application with respect to the considerations of device fabrications.

In this work, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), copper oxide (CuO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) were used as precursors to synthesize nano-sized calcium copper titanate CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) powder using environmental friendly and modified sonochemical-assisted process. The precursor mixtures were sonicated at 80 °C for 4 h to get a fully precipitated and homogenous product. A pure phase of CCTO powder was obtained at 900 °C. Various techniques were employed to study the phase formation and structural aspects of the calcined CCTO such as XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, TGA and dielectric spectroscopy. The XRD results confirm the formation single phase with cubic structure of the CCTO phase. The absorption bands in FTIR at 400–700 cm−1, which arise from the mixed vibrations of CuO4 and TiO6 groups, are prevailing in the CCTO structure. Moreover, the HR-TEM micrographs reveal a highly oriented single cubic crystal structure of particle size ~ 4.78 nm. In addition, the dielectric study discloses that the dielectric constant ε′ increased with increasing the calcination temperature up to 900 °C escorted by a decrease of loss factor (tanδ). This can be attributed to the formation of pure CCTO phase and the highly dense microstructure at high temperatures. Giant dielectric constant ε′ up to (106–105) exhibited at low frequency (1–1000 Hz). It is deduced that the optimum calcination temperature of the prepared CCTO must not exceed the temperature range (800–900 °C). Furthermore, the prepared CCTO nanopowder is a promising material for energy storage applications.

This paper shows the experimental and analytical studies of gelatin behavior at photographic prints during the exposition to ultraviolet radiation.The test material used is black-and-white photographic paper.Different properties and characteristics of the prints have then been measured and compared before and after the irradiation.SEM used to study the surface topology of the gelatin.FTIR-ATR XRF analysis used to modify characteristic of the surfaces.Mechanical performance used to study.Color change was studied.The obtained results indicate a strong effect of the UV radiation in the color characteristics of the silver image, a certain change in the mechanical properties of the supporting paper and only slight consequences on the chemical properties of gelatin, which may probably increase with time.

THE research was conducted to apply the embroidering technique of fabricating e-textiles. Two types of conductive threads (A1& A2) were used. Microstructure properties of conductive yams were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Embroidery process was done by computerized embroidery machine. The effects of embroidery parameters such as different stitch type, stitch length and number of embroidered conductive threads on embroidered lines resistance were compared. The best result of conductivity and coating uniformity was obtained when using the type (A1 ) of coated yam in straight stitch type with 3 lines of thread with 5 mm stitch length. Due to its low value of resistance (R) 0.83 Omega, while the highest value was 10.66 Cl in the type (A2) conductive yam in zigzag stitch type with 1 line of thread with 7 mm. stitch length. The Al yam type embroidered on a prototype T-shirt to be a connector between the temperature sensor and screen. This embedded system based on conductive thread could find possible application in medical applications: continuous and long-term monitoring of patients in a hospital environment.

The research was conducted to evaluate the impact of the fabrication parameters such as using different types and length stitches of conductive yarns on the performance of embroidered fibers which could be applied as smart wearable clothes. Nickel Conductive yarn was used, which embroidered in straight and zigzag stitch types with different length of stitch and 1,2 and 3 lines of threads.  the obtained resulted, showed that the lowest value of R(Ω) was 1.24 Ω. with straight stitch types with 3 lines of threads with 5mm of stitch length, the number of stitches lines of thread influences on resistance mean values as 2.721Ω, 2.54Ω and 2.31 Ωfor the 1, 2 and 3 lines of threads respectively. Means of R (Ω) were 1.83 , 2.03   and 2.80 Ω of the length of stitches 3 mm, 5mm and 7 mm significant respectively The nickel conductive yarn could be embroidered on a prototype T-shirt to be a connector between the temperature sensor and screen. This embedded system based on conductive thread could find possible application in medical applications.