Polysaccharide-based hydrogels are promising materials for wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility. However, incorporating hydrophobic aromatic compounds into hydrated matrices remains challenging. In this study, calcium-crosslinked sodium alginate hydrogels were loaded with coumarin (Cn), two substituted coumarin derivatives (Z1 and Z3), and a related allylic phosphonate analog (Z2) to obtain formulations with potential relevance for biomedical material development. Cytotoxicity testing showed that all compounds exhibited IC50 values above 100 μM, indicating low in vitro cytotoxicity toward HaCaT cells (IC50 ˃100 μM). The active substances (ASs) were successfully entrapped within alginate hydrogels without structural degradation, as confirmed by Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Spectroscopic analysis suggested possible polymer-compound interactions. Release studies demonstrated that diffusion was likely influenced by matrix-compound interactions rather than compound solubility alone. The resulting hydrogels were highly hemocompatible, causing less than 0.1% hemolysis, and displayed composition-dependent functional responses. In the ABTS assay, Z1 showed the strongest radical-scavenging activity at 0.48 mg/mL. Preliminary antimicrobial testing indicated activity against Candida albicans; however, the contribution of DMSO as a solubilizing agent cannot be ruled out. Overall, the developed hydrogels provide a safe matrix primarily with physicochemical functionality and only preliminary biological indications, rather than demonstrated therapeutic efficacy.

This research investigates a sustainable method for bioethanol synthesis from ammonia-pretreated rice straw utilizing a CaO/Ag nanocatalyst. The addition of ammonia elevated the available cellulose level of rice straw from 37.7

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide and continues to present major therapeutic challenges, including drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and limited long-term efficacy despite advances in multimodal treatment strategies. These limitations have intensified interest in venom-derived peptides as structurally diverse bioactive scaffolds with anticancer potential. This review evaluates venom-derived peptides in breast cancer from a medicinal chemistry and translational drug development perspective. A structured narrative synthesis of the literature was conducted, covering preclinical and early translational studies of peptides derived from snakes, spiders, scorpions, and bees, with emphasis on structure-function relationships, mechanisms of action, and optimization strategies. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focus on individual venom sources, this work integrates mechanistic pharmacology with peptide engineering and translational constraints to provide a unified drug-development framework across breast cancer subtypes. Venom-derived peptides exert anticancer effects through ion channel modulation, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis inhibition, membrane disruption, and immune modulation, with reported selectivity toward malignant cells in triple-negative, HER2-positive, and hormone receptor-positive models. Despite encouraging preclinical evidence, clinical translation is limited by instability, immunogenicity, poor pharmacokinetics, delivery barriers, and manufacturing challenges. Emerging advances in peptide engineering, nanodelivery systems, and artificial intelligence-assisted design offer promising strategies to improve pharmacological performance and drug-like properties. Overall, this review provides a medicinal chemistry-guided framework that identifies the key steps and remaining challenges required to support the future development of venom-derived peptides as anticancer lead scaffolds for breast cancer.

Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 2% of the global population. Current treatments (e.g., corticosteroids and phototherapy) face limitations such as adverse effects and poor bioavailability, necessitating safer, more effective alternatives. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel, rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, holds therapeutic potential but suffers from low stability and solubility. Here, we developed pomegranate peel extract nanoparticles (PGNPs) to overcome these limitations and evaluated their efficacy in psoriasis management. Pomegranate peel extract (PGE) was prepared and transformed into PGNPs via acid hydrolysis. Nanoparticles were characterized for size, stability, and bioactivity. In vitro assays assessed cytotoxicity, antioxidant (DPPH), and anti-inflammatory (hemolysis inhibition) effects. In vivo efficacy was tested in imiquimod-induced psoriatic rats (n = 20) divided into negative control (group I), untreated psoriasis (group II), PGE-treated (200 mg/kg, group III), and PGNPs-treated (100 mg/kg, group IV). Outcomes included oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH), cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-10), and histopathology. PGNPs exhibited superior stability (size: 87–91 nm; zeta potential: +41–44 mV) and lower cytotoxicity than PGE (15.2% vs. 31.2% at 1000 µg/mL). In vitro, PGNPs showed higher antioxidant (96.63% DPPH scavenging) and anti-inflammatory (94.66% hemolysis inhibition) activity. In vivo, PGNPs reduced psoriatic lesions more effectively than PGE, normalizing oxidative stress (MDA: 7.26 vs. 12.22 nmol/g tissue) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-17: 102.20 vs. 123.40 pg/g tissue; IFN-γ: 204.40 vs. 216.80 pg/g tissue). Histopathology confirmed enhanced skin regeneration with PGNPs. PGNPs demonstrated enhanced bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy over crude extract, significantly mitigating psoriasis-like inflammation in rats. These findings highlight PGNPs as a promising nanotherapy for psoriasis, warranting further clinical exploration.

Schiff bases and their metal complexes have emerged as highly versatile platforms in biomedicine because they combine straightforward synthesis with tunable donor sets, controllable coordination geometries, and broad functional adaptability. This review provides an integrated overview of Schiff-base chemistry from synthetic foundations and condensation mechanisms to structural classification, spectroscopic and diffraction-based characterization, and the formation of binary and ternary metal complexes. Particular emphasis is placed on how ligand architecture, donor-atom identity, denticity, metal selection, and co-ligand design collectively govern stability, redox behavior, lipophilicity, and biological performance. The review further examines structure–activity relationships and the principal mechanisms of biological action, including chelation-enhanced membrane permeation, DNA binding and cleavage, protein interactions, reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-cycle disturbance, and apoptosis induction. In parallel, the biomedical scope of Schiff-base metal complexes is discussed across antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, enzyme-inhibitory, and diagnostic/theranostic applications. Special attention is also given to modern drug-delivery and formulation strategies, including nanoparticle, liposomal, polymer-conjugate, targeted, and sustained-release systems, which are increasingly important for improving solubility, bioavailability, selectivity, and safety. Finally, the review critically addresses the main barriers to clinical translation, including hydrolytic instability, formulation limitations, metal-associated toxicity, resistance risk, and scale-up challenges, and highlights future directions centered on responsive design, theranostics, computational optimization, advanced delivery systems, and personalized medicine. Overall, Schiff-base metal complexes represent a chemically rich and biologically promising class of systems whose successful translation will depend on tighter integration of coordination chemistry, formulation science, and mechanism-guided pharmacology.

The current experiment aims to lay bare the transition metal compounds that feature the Schiff base Complex Ligand ((E)-(2-(2-(1-(1Hbenz0[d] [1, 2, 3] triaz0l-1-yl)propan-2-ylidene)hydrazineyl)-2-oxoacetamide)(also referred to as (L))). Such results could be observed: these investigations were relatively prosperous and had high yields. Figure out If It Is Elusive. Chelating and coordination were achieved using chemical tests and various spectral methods. The current measurements prove that the synthesized complexes portray the features of nonelectrolyte components, not the electrolyte substances. The stoichiometry of 1:1 directs either ligand to form a complex with the metal or not, as the characterization is elucidated by elemental and ESI-MS spectroscopic evaluation. The spectrum study revealed that the Cu (II) center is four-fold in the structure of the coordination complex. In addition, LANL2DZ basis sets, B3LYP correlation function, and DFT determine ligand involvement and molecular geometry of their complexes and resolve different inquiries positively. This research aimed to find out the electron stability level and the low gap in HOMO-LUMO energy, and finally, the chemical hardness of ligand complexes through the diploe moment, which are the contributing factors to the efficiency. Only the C0mplexes of Cr (III), Cd (II), Cu (II), and C0(II) exhibit non-planar symmetry, except for the plane-based CU(II). DFT predicted electrostatic potential for the atomic charge distribution in molecular compounds. Then, the model's computation was compared to the actual data source. The efficacy of the metal complex was investigated in these bacteria and fungal samples. Certain bacteria, which include Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, do not have cell walls that have the characteristic Gram-positive staining, while others, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, exhibit the Gram-negative reaction. The fungus Aspergillus flavus and Candida, in addition, may be present. The provided data indicates that the antibacterial compound exhibits favorable qualities. The most efficient artillery (II) system underwent a taste test involving various species. In addition, the anticancer capabilities of OTC2 and OTC4 complexes against MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) cells have been investigated. The investigation revealed that the [Cd (L) Cl2 (H2O)2] complex demonstrated higher efficacy, with an IC5O value of 36.14 mu g/ml, surpassing the effectiveness of cisplatin. Compared to normal VERO cells and cisplatin, its exceptional selectivity for cancer cells was shown. This study aims to determine the strength of the interaction between different peptides and specific protein structures related to Helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase, MCF cells, and the COVID-19 viral protein. As a result, we performed molecular docking using three separate protein structures, namely 2JFZ, 3QX3, and 6XBH, each having distinct functionalities. The purpose of this study is to utilize molecular docking techniques to discover the precise binding pattern and different energies of ligands and metal C0mplex about MCF cell molecules and the COVID-19 viral protein receptor. The molecular docking investigation identifies weaknesses in the structural characteristics, which can be utilized to determine the binding mechanisms. These comprehensive evaluations highlight the various applications and fascinating biological attributes of the identified compounds, making them well-suited for further investigation into their inhibitory effects.

The dyeing processes in the textile industry give rise to dyes that function as environmental pollutants, contributing to the discoloration of wastewater and posing various ecological concerns. Researchers are actively developing versatile nanosensors in the rapidly advancing field of nanotechnology. These nanosensors show potential in detecting azo-toxic dyes present in food products, offering a wide scope for future innovations in sensor design. This comprehensive review explores various types of nanosensors, emphasizing their crucial roles in sensing and their specific applications for the detection of azo-toxic dyes. The advantages of nanosensors over traditional sensing methods, their diverse applications utilizing nanomaterials, and the potential health implications of azo dyes on human well-being are discussed. The review outlines key parameters for determining permissible limits and recommends an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for azotoxic dyes. A noteworthy technique in this context is the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM), which leverages the sensitivity of resonant crystal frequency to quantify dye concentrations precisely. Experimental results conclusively demonstrate the proficiency of the QCM method in providing both quantitative and qualitative analyses of dyes in real-time settings within wastewater. A groundbreaking advancement involves a novel nanosensor employing cobalt nanoparticles to detect Methylene Blue (MB) dye simultaneously. The complex characterization of this nano cobalt sensor utilized various analytical tools, including Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential determination. Furthermore, the mechanical stability of the sensor was affirmed through the investigation of the applied ionophore's lipophilicity using contact angle measurements, revealing an average contact angle of 120.70 degrees. This attribute significantly contributes to the robustness of the sensor. The sensor's responsiveness was carefully monitored under varying pH and temperature conditions. The proposed sensor exhibited rapid and sensitive responses, even at very low dye concentrations (0.1 ppm), with a swift response time of 8-10 minutes.

Scorpion venom is a complex mixture and an abundant natural source of bioactive components, including peptides and other molecules that exhibit a wide range of therapeutic effects despite its notable neurotoxic effects. This review focuses on these bioactive components and their therapeutic potential. Among the most potent molecules in scorpion venom are peptides with high specificity and affinity for ion channels, making them excellent candidates in drug development. The most critical therapeutic application is scorpion venom as an anticancer agent. Several venom peptides have selectivity toward cancer cells by inducing disruption in tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, scorpion venom can modulate the immune system and thus can provide treatments for autoimmune diseases through its action on ion channels in lymphocytes. Neurological effects, especially in neurological disorders caused by venom peptides, come through an action against sodium and potassium channels. In pain management, scorpion toxins act upon the sodium channels in sensory neurons and provide analgesic effects. Additionally, much attention has been paid to antimicrobial properties of scorpion venom. Peptides isolated from venom have demonstrated strong, broad-spectrum inhibitory activities against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which have opened a new avenue to develop antimicrobial therapies. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects extend the therapeutic possibilities of scorpion venom further. Venom peptides may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress and relieve diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the therapeutic effects of scorpion venom, emphasizing its potential in drug development for a wide range of diseases.

BACKGROUND:Recent approaches in breast cancer treatment involve exploring natural extracts either as substitutes for traditional chemotherapeutic agents or as adjuvants to enhance their effectiveness. In this context, ethanolic extracts from Withania Somnifera (WS) and Arctium Lappa (AL) have gained attention for their potential anticancer properties across various cancer types. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to investigate the in vitro anticancer efficacy of ethanolic extracts from both WS and AL in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. METHODS:The study encompassed assessments of total antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, and cytotoxicity for each extract. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of these extracts involved Real-time PCR and flow cytometry to analyze apoptotic markers and cell cycle dynamics, respectively. RESULTS:Results indicated that the WS ethanolic extract exhibited better efficacy, especially in terms of IC50. To explore its potential as an adjuvant with doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer therapy, 16 non-constant combination ratios were tested. The combination of 1/2 WS to 1/4 DOX, with a combination index (CI) of -0.229 was selected for further downstream molecular analysis. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation (p < 0.05) of P53, Cas3, Cas7, and Bax. Flow cytometric analysis further highlighted cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Additionally, the study explored the synergistic inhibitory effects of WS and DOX on key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, namely, pyruvate kinase and aldolase. CONCLUSION:In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of WS demonstrated a synergistic effect as an adjuvant with DOX, showing promise as a combination therapy for breast cancer.

This investigation presents a detailed examination of transition metal complexes derived from a recently synthesized Carbothioamide Schiff Base Ligand, denoted as(Z)-2-((E)-1-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazineylidene)propan-2-ylidene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide or (ZHC), known for its biological potency. The synthesis involved condensation of (E)-1-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazineylidene)propan-2-one with N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide to yield the Schiff base ligand (ZHC). The (ZHC) and its metal complexes have been thoroughly analyzed using several techniques, including Elemental analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, Mass spectrometry, and conductometry measurements. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations estimated their electronic properties, such as energy gaps and dipole moments, suggesting a distorted octahedral geometry. Additionally, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) calculations at the DFT level were correlated with experimental data. The complexes showed promising antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial and fungal strains. The Cd (II) complex exhibited the highest efficacy against all tested organisms. Furthermore, the antitumor potential of the complexes against MCF-7 (Breast carcinoma) cells was evaluated with the [Cd(ZHC)Cl2(H2O)]center dot H2O complex demonstrating superior activity (IC50 value of 10 mu g/ml) compared to cisplatin. Importantly, it exhibited reduced cytotoxicity towards normal cells (VERO cells) compared to cisplatin. Molecular docking, utilizing DFT-optimized configurations of the (ZHC) and its Cd (II) complex, provided insights into their interactions with specific protein structures (3QX3 and 6XBH) associated with specific cellular targets, namely MCF cells and the COVID-19 virus protein. The analysis of the docking study offers valuable structural insights for potential inhibition studies. This comprehensive study underscores the synthesized compounds' multifaceted applications and promising bioactive properties.

This study reports the synthesis and biomedical evaluation of novel ternary metal complexes based on a tridentate Schiff base ligand (CHPT) and 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN) as a co-ligand. The ligand, (Z)-2-((E)-1-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazineylidene)propan-2-ylidene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide, was used to construct Fe(III), Co(II), and Cu(II) complexes. The complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–Vis, mass spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. All complexes exhibited distorted octahedral geometries. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations (B3LYP/LANL2DZ) provided insight into electronic properties, including HOMO–LUMO gaps, chemical reactivity, and electrostatic potential. Biological screening revealed significant antimicrobial activity, with the Cu(II) complex displaying the highest potency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida albicans. The Cu(II) complex also exhibited strong anti-H. pylori activity and superior anticancer efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 10.5 µg/mL), while maintaining low toxicity toward normal VERO cells. It also showed promising activity against K-562 leukemia cells (IC₅₀ = 287.19 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies supported the multi-target potential of the Cu(II) complex by confirming stable binding with key therapeutic targets such as FLT3 kinase, BCL-2, IDH2 R140. Furthermore, Swiss ADME predictions confirmed that the Cu(II) complex possesses favorable drug-likeness, bioavailability, and low CYP-mediated interaction risks, supporting its potential as a multi-target therapeutic agent.

Lead is an elemental substance with inherent toxicity that occurs naturally within the Earth's lithosphere. Its extensive utilization has led to widespread environmental pollution, human contact, and notable global public health effects across various regions. Continuous surveillance of "lead" concentrations in the ecosystem is imperative to minimizing potential hazards and human contact. This research delineates the synthesis and analysis of an innovative Schiff base ligand along with its corresponding ternary Co(II) complex, followed by its nanostructure's fabrication, characterization, and utilization. A Cobalt (II) coordination compound featuring a principal ligand denoted (LAMS) and an auxiliary ligand Methionine denoted (LMET) was synthesized and subjected to comprehensive characterization utilizing various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, UV-Vis, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and electric conductance measurements. Thermal behavior analysis (TGA) of the Cobalt (II) complex corroborated well with the proposed formula derived from the analytical data. Characterization outcomes revealed the molecular formula of the Cobalt (II) complex to be [(LAMS)(LMET)Co(Cl)].3H2O. The ligand (LAMS) exhibited tridentate chelation behavior by coordinating with the central Cobalt (II) metal ion through its two azomethine nitrogen groups, while (LMET) bound to the cobalt (II) metal ion via deprotonated hydroxyl oxygen and NH2 group, resulting in a distorted octahedral structure. The extensive characterization of the Nano Schiff base cobalt complex involved a variety of analytical techniques, including Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential analysis, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), BET surface area determination, and pore size analysis. Furthermore, the potential application of the Nano Schiff base Cobalt complex as the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) stands out among sensing apparatuses, boasting a well-established status and acknowledged sensitivity in detecting molecules and biological assemblies. Renowned for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, the QCM sensor holds promise, primarily focusing on detecting water contamination by Lead ions. The sensor's mechanical stability was also affirmed by investigating the applied ionophore's lipophilicity using contact angle measurements, revealing an average contact angle of 121.59 degrees. Notably, this attribute contributes to the robustness of the sensor. The sensor's responsiveness under differing pH and temperature conditions was carefully monitored, with a swift response time of less than 1 minute.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is an inflammatory condition influenced by genetic, environmental, microbial, and immunological factors. Recent studies emphasize the significant roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as essential components of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in IBD. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are often dysregulated in IBD, affecting inflammation, immune responses, and the integrity of the epithelial barrier. lncRNA–miRNA interactions function as regulatory centers that influence signaling pathways crucial for sustaining intestinal homeostasis. Disruptions in lncRNA–miRNA interactions damage epithelial integrity, promote inflammation, and drive disease progression. These non-coding RNAs’ stability and specificity in biological fluids make them potential non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. Targeting lncRNA–miRNA interactions present a new therapeutic approach to restore intestinal barrier integrity and maintain immunological balance. Despite recent advancements, further research is needed to translate these findings into clinically applicable diagnostic tools and therapies. This review provides an overview of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA interactions in IBD, emphasizing their significance as essential components of ceRNA networks. Also, this review explores how crosstalk modulates immune regulation and epithelial function, evaluating the potential of these interactions as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. It highlights ceRNA networks and incorporates spatial omics technologies, setting it apart from previous reviews.

Women often experience significant burdens both at home and in their professional lives, which can lead to physical and mental strain. To manage these challenges, medications such as cyclobenzaprine-HCl, originally developed as a tricyclic antidepressant but reintroduced as a muscle relaxant, are sometimes used. Its effectiveness in treating muscle spasms, localized pain, and limited range of motion in acute musculoskeletal conditions has been well documented. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the potential consequences of cyclobenzaprine-HCl on reproductive health by assessing its influence on female Wistar rats. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 18 adult female Wistar rats, divided into three groups: a control group receiving distilled water and two treated groups with two doses-a low-dose group receiving 1.5 mg/kg of cyclobenzaprine-HCl and a high-dose group receiving 3 mg/kg, administered orally for 30 days. We assessed the impact of cyclobenzaprine-HCl on serum hormonal levels (progesterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone), oxidative stress markers (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde), histopathological changes in ovaries and uteri, and DNA stability using the comet assay. Results and conclusion The study revealed that cyclobenzaprine-HCl caused hormonal imbalances distinguished by significant increase in estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and significant decreases in progesterone and luteinizing hormone levels. Dissruptions in oxidative stress markers were characterized by elevated malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels. Histopathological abnormalities included degeneration, deformed follicles, congested blood vessels, and necrosis in the ovarian tissue. In addition, diffused eosinophil infiltration, pyknotic nuclei, glandular hyperplasia, necrosis, and hypercellularity in the uterine tissue. DNA instability was observed in both dosage groups as evidenced by fragmented DNA in the shape of comets. These findings underscore the potential reproductive toxicity of cyclobenzaprine-HCl in female rats, suggesting a need for caution in its use considering its possible adverse effects on reproductive health.

A unique Schiff base ligand (BCA), 4-(2-((1E,2E)-1-(2-(p-tolyl)hydrazono)propan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl)quinazoline, was synthesized and complexed with Mn [II], Co [II], Cu [II, and Cd [II] ions, with 1,10-Phenanthroline (PHN) as an auxiliary ligand. The unique Schiff base ligand BCA and its metal complexes were characterized using multiple analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, mass spectrometry, and conductometric measurements. These methods provided detailed insights into the compounds' structural and electronic properties. Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations complemented the experimental data, elucidating electronic configuration stability, HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, chemical hardness, and dipole moments. The computational results confirmed the distorted octahedral structure of the complexes. Antimicrobial testing against various bacterial and fungal strains revealed that the Cd (II) complex exhibited the highest activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 19.7 +/- 0.6 mm to 35.0 +/- 1.0 mm, surpassing the activity of standard antibiotics in some cases. Notably, the compounds displayed significant efficacy against Helicobacter pylori, with the Cd (II) complex showing an inhibition zone of 32.67 +/- 0.58 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.8 mu g/ml. Anticancer properties were evaluated against MCF-7 (Breast carcinoma) cells, with the [(BCA)(PHN)Cd(H2O)].2Cl & sdot;2H(2)O complex demonstrating superior activity (IC50 = 29.97 mu g/ml) compared to the free ligand (IC50 = 183.96 mu g/ml) and other metal complexes. Notably, the Cd(II) complex showed reduced cytotoxicity towards normal VERO cells, suggesting potential selectivity for cancer cells. Molecular docking simulations evaluated the complexes' binding interactions with protein targets associated with Helicobacter pylori, MCF cancer cells, and the COVID-19 virus. The main objective of this research was to design and synthesize a unique Schiff base ligand and its new corresponding Ternary metal complexes and then investigate their potential medical applications. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the compounds' effectiveness as antibiotics, antitumor agents, and possible treatments for COVID-19.

Recycling cathode ray tube (CRT) glass is essential for minimizing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability. The recycling of CRT glass addresses waste management issues and fosters a circular economy. This study distinguishes between two components of CRT glass samples: panel glass and neck glass, with the latter exhibiting a higher concentration of lead. Lead effectively absorbs and attenuates ionizing radiation, such as gamma and X-rays, rendering neck glass an effective radiation shield. Various measurements have been conducted to identify the structural characteristics of CRT glass samples, including XRD analysis, which confirmed the amorphous nature of each sample. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements reveal that the glass transition temperature of the neck sample exceeds that of the panel sample by 55 °C. The neck glass exhibits a reduced energy gap value due to the high lead content, which may suggest the glass's structural resistance to radiation. The oxygen packing density and Urbach values decline for the neck sample, whereas the density increases from 2.6196 to 3.4044 g/cm3 for the panel and neck samples, respectively. Additionally, the highest values for effective atomic number (Zeff), effective atomic cross-section (Ceff), and effective electron density (Neff) were found in the neck glass sample when shielding parameters, such as the half value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path, were calculated using the Phy-X/PSD program at various gamma-ray energy. Mass attenuation coefficient values were recorded as practical and theoretical. The findings indicated that the neck sample exhibited enhanced protective properties.

Cr(III), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of a symmetric Schiff base ligand (L), (Z)-N'-((1E,2E)-1-(2-(p-tolyl)hydrazineylidene)propan-2-ylidene)-2-((E)-1-(2-(p-tolyl)hydrazineylidene)propan-2-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carbohydrazide has been synthesized. Elemental analysis, UV-Visible, FT-IR, mass spectra and conductometric techniques were used to characterize the ligand and its metal complexes. The microorganisms utilized in this study involve Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus Aureus (as Gram-positive bacteria), Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella pneumonia (as Gram-negative bacteria) and Aspergillus Nigar and Candida albicans (as fungi). Comparing all the studied species, the Cu(II) complex exhibits the highest activity versus tested fungi. The Zn-and Ni-complexes were found to have promising anticancer activity.

Zn (II) binary and mixed ligand complexes were examined which included 1-H-bezimidazole-2-carboxylic acid (BCA), amino acid, peptides (HL), DNA, or dicarboxylic acid. The BCA stepwise stability constants were also observed in 0.1 mol.dm(-3) with chosen bivalent transition metal ions. The dynamic stability of the metal ion follows the phenomenon Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Zn2+, which is compatible with the metal ions order of the Irving-Williams. The Zn-II-BCA complex thermodynamic parameters as presentative examples of M-II-BCA complex formation were derived and discussed. The Zn(BCA)L complex is formed by amines, while the Zn(BCA)L and the Zn(BCA)(LH-1) complex are formed by amides. To evaluate the relative stabilities of ternary complexes compared to their corresponding binary counterparts, a quantitative analysis was performed using the parameters Delta log(10) K, log(10) beta Stat, and log(10) X. There was discussion about the impact of amino acid ligand (Delta R) side chains on complex creation. Delta log(10)K values prove that Ternary complexes that contain the aromatic amino acids are considerably more robust than the complexes with alkyl- and hydroxyalkyl-replaced amino acids. This observation could serve as evidence for a stacking phenomenon between the aromatic group of BCA and the bioactive ligand's aromatic side chains, suggesting an intermolecular interaction between these components. The assessment of concentration distributions of various species generated in a solution is examined concerning pH variations. The form of the M(II) complexes has indeed been geometrically optimized, and the consequence of molecular parameters confirms certain complexes ' experimental formation constants. The estimated pKa attained by docking the 1-H-benzimidazole-2-carboxylic acid (BCA) measurements are in line with the experimental values.

Frankincense oil nanoemulsion (FONE) exhibits high bioavailability, enhanced cellular uptake, and improved kinetic stability, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic applications. However, its potential effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain insufficiently explored. This study consequently investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of FONE on human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cells, focusing on cell viability, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the regulation of apoptosis-related genes. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated in Hep-G2 hepatic cancer cells and normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF) using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Oxidative stress markers, DNA damage, and apoptotic gene expression were assessed through biochemical analysis, alkaline comet assay, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (2,7-DCFH-DA) staining. Treatment with FONE at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/ml for 48 h caused a significant, concentration-dependent reduction in Hep-G2 cell viability, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 176.14 µg/ml, while showing minimal cytotoxicity in HSF cells (IC50 = 515.7 µg/ml). Mechanistic investigations revealed that exposure to FONE IC50 concentration (176.14 µg/ml) significantly elevated ROS level, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde level), accompanied by a marked decline in antioxidant defenses, including glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity. Gene expression analysis showed notable upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes p53 and Bax, alongside a strong downregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, in a concentration-dependent manner. FONE exerts selective cytotoxic effects against Hep-G2 cells, mediated by ROS-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis induction. These findings highlight FONE’s potential as a targeted therapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma. Further in vivo investigations and clinical evaluations are recommended to validate its efficacy and safety.

Nanostructured Metal-Schiff Base Complexes (NMSBCs) significantly advance coordination chemistry, materials science, and biomedical engineering. This review comprehensively analyzes recent developments in the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of these versatile compounds. We discuss various synthetic approaches, including conventional solution methods and emerging green synthesis techniques such as microwave-assisted, mechanochemical, Sonochemical, template-directed, solvothermal, and sol-gel methods, with strategic focus on achieving architectural control across dimensional hierarchies from discrete nanoparticles (0D) to anisotropic nanorods (1D), lamellar nanosheets (2D), and porous frameworks (3D). The review explores critical parameters affecting synthesis outcomes, including temperature, pH, concentration, and stabilizing agents, which determine the resulting nanomaterials' size, morphology, and surface properties. Advanced nanoscale characterization techniques spanning high-resolution electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), real-time growth visualization (in situ TEM), statistical morphology analysis (SAXS/GIWAXS), and surface chemical mapping (XPS/TOF-SIMS) complement spectroscopic methods (UV-visible, FT-IR, NMR, ESR), structural analysis (XRD, electron microscopy), thermal analysis, and compositional analysis are discussed for their role in elucidating the structural and physicochemical properties of NMSBCs. The unique optical, magnetic, catalytic, and electrical properties arising from nanoscale confinement effects and synergistic metal-ligand interactions are evaluated. Particular emphasis is placed on biomedical applications, where NMSBCs demonstrate promising antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities through morphology-dependent mechanisms. This review identifies current challenges in translating laboratory research to clinical applications. It highlights future directions for advancing the field, offering valuable insights for researchers at the forefront of nanomedicine and materials chemistry.