Objective: To analyze the occurrence of cerebral bleeding in medically assisted deaths. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place of Study: Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicolgy, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW), SBA and Peoples Medical College Hospital (PMCH) Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan from 1st October 2021 to 31st March, 2022. Materials and Methods: For this research, 94 people were enrolled. After obtaining written permission, all of the patient's demographic information was gathered. Analysis of all patients' tissue specimens. Toxicology and alcohol testing were performed on the blood sample. All cases were evaluated using X-rays and autopsy were carried out for all of them. Decomposed remains were not included in our research. Results: Among 94 cases, there were 60 (63.8%) males and 30 (36.2%) females. Included patient had mean age 31.45±13.43 years and had mean BMI 22.19±20.48. Frequency of deaths with intracranial lesion was found in 14 (14.9%) cases. We found that frequency of traumatic cases were higher than that of non-traumatic (cerebro-vascular accidents). Frequency of intracranial lesions alone was found in 31 (32.9%) cases. Hemorrhages in the subarachnoid space were the most frequent intracranial pathology. The most prevalent cause of delayed death is pneumonia. Conclusion: The number of deaths that were caused by cerebral trauma was found to be very low in this research; nevertheless, the bulk of deaths were caused by injuries to other anatomical regions. Keywords: Trauma, Intracranial lesion, Mortality

Aim: To determine the frequency, pattern and location of brainstem injuries with histopathologic analysis during postmortem examinations. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Forensic Medicine& Toxicology and Department of Pathology, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh from 1stJanuary 2014 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: Eighty three cases with head injury were reported, of them 48 had brain stem hemorrhage. Brain autopsy was performed, and findings are reported. Results: The mean age of patients was 57.12 +/- 6.24 years. Mid brain hemorrhage was found in 20(41.6%) patients while pontine hemorrhage was found in 10( 20.8%) patients. Eight (16.6%) patients had hemorrhage at medulla, 7(14.5%) patients had hemorrhage at the ponto-medullary junction, while 3(6.2%) patients had hemorrhage at cervico-medullary junction. The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents (n=23) followed by assault (n=14), blow to the neck (n=9) and fall (n=2). Conclusion: most common site for hemorrhage in brainstem was midbrain followed by pons and medulla. Traumatic brainstem injuries are often associated with lesions at other sites of brain and poor prognosis. The most common mode of injury in our study was road traffic accidents.

Aim: To determine the frequency of road traffic accidents among the alcohol users. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Forensic Medicine& Toxicology, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad from 1stJanuary 2014 to 31stDecember 2017. Methodology: Two hundred and seventy four samples were collected from Emergency Department, Peoples Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad. Drivers injured following the incident were selected for inclusion in study. After complete examination and evaluation of injuries patients underwent routine baseline investigations along with X-rays, ultrasound and toxicologic screening. Results: There were 189(69%) males and 85 (31%) females. Thirty two(11.6%) patients died among which 21(65.6%) were males and 11(34.3) were females. Forty one (15%) patients tested positive for alcohol intoxication detected at blood toxicology screen on admission to emergency department. Of 32 patients who died, 18 (56%) were alcohol intoxicated. Conclusion: Alcohol impairs driving and decision taking ability leading to fatal and non-fatal road traffic injuries. The high taxes on alcoholic beverages and low legal blood alcohol levels are helpful in many countries to prevent the incidence of alcohol induced fatal and non-fatal road traffic accidents.

This research work was conducted about the RTA (Road Traffic Accidents) in terms of frequency, consequences and variation during different seasons at Muhammad Medical College Hospital, a tertiary care set up in district Mirpurkhas. It was a descriptive study of cross-sectional type conducted on125 patients of RTA at MMCH (Muhammad Medical College Hospital) Emergency department between 1stMarch-2014 to 28th Feb 2015. The information was obtained on a questionnaire following consent from patient or companion. Accident cases (125) were evaluated following admission to hospital with highest presentation reported to be in August (16) followed by March (15). Male component of study subjects was 67.2% while females were 32.8%. Age range of 21-30 years was more common, 41case (32.8%), followed by 11-19years 25 (20%) and majority of the cases were illiterate 82 (65.6%). Most cases were reported to occur in rainy season 52 (41.6%) with 2 wheel vehicles on top figures 82 (65.6%). Conclusion: March and August were most affected months; rainy season was more involved in RTA. Males were more affected than female with 2 wheel vehicles more involved.

Paraphenylene-diamine (PPD) ingestion as a suicidal agent is becoming a more common toxicity in Pakistan and other Asian countries as reported in published literature. This coloring dye contains toxic chemicals responsible for hepatic necrosis, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis and severe laryngeal edema that leads to death if not timely managed. This chemical is quite cheap and easily available to a common man so the PPD poisoning is becoming in adults as a source of deliberate self-harm. Current study was conducted from Jan2015 to June 2015 in the ICU(Intensive Care Unit) of the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. This study was arranged because no such study was reported from this region of the country previously. There were 24 Patients were diagnosed as kala Pathar poisoning during the study time period with age range of 15-35 yrs. Most of them 17(70.83%) were females while 6(29.17%) were males. Majority of patients were married 18(75%) while 6(25%) were unmarried. Most of the patients belonged to low socio-economic background 22(91.66%) while 02(10.44%) were from middle group and no case was found to belong with high socio-economic group. Overall mortality was found 41.66% and Cure was 54.17% while 4.16% got referred to other facility. It is suggested that the easy availability of this chemical should be stopped and social life of community be improved.

Human society is full of variety stories associated with each individual from birth to death all is about happiness and worries, friendship and enmity, sincerity and jealousy. Forensic medicine helps the judicial proceedings by exploring the scientific realities behind the screen that is not visible to an observer or judgement maker. The current is based on the one year from January 2015 to December 2015 cases presented to forensic department of LUMHS. Total 217 cases were brought for autopsies from different areas of the Hyderabad region. Majority of the cases were male 174(80.2%) and 43(19.8%)were females. Top most cause was RTA (road traffic accident)98 (45.2%) ,59(27%) Fire Arm Injury 22(10.1%) AsphaxialDeath ,12(5.5%) assaults and 9(4.1%) were Train Accidents. Minimum age found was 4years and maximum was noted 75 years with mean and standard deviation of 34.13 +/- 14.91 years. Descriptive analysis was carried out on SPSS Version 22 and frequency, mean, SD, minimum and maximum were determined for various variables.Conclusion:Male gender is more involved with maximum cases from the RTA followed by Fire arm and most of the cases were from the middle age group.

We conducted this forensic survey study on alcohol intoxication cases reported by police stations in Hyderabad region of Sindh province from 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2015. The information required was acquired on a proforma specially designed for this work following consent from close relatives. Total 92 cases were reported in one year all were of the male gender most of them 42 (45.65%) were from age range of 19-25years, 38(41.30%) cases were from 26-35 years and 12(12.05%) cases belonged to 36-45 years age group. Majority of the cases 62(67.39%) cases were reported from 4 police stations qasim abad (23), Nasim nagar(16), Bittai nagar (13) and City market 10 while other 30(32.61%) were reported by other 9 police stations. There was seasonal variation in case presentation there was variation in month wise presentation most of the figures 54(58.70%) were seen in 4months April (19) followed by December(13), May(12) and June(10) while rest 38(41.30%) were seen in 8 months. Conclusion: Alcohol intoxication is among the common forensic presentations in Hyderabad region with no specific seasonal variation but it is more common in youngsters and certain areas of Hyderabad are more affected by this problem.