The aim of this study was to determine the effects of oxytocin and carazolol on uterine involution in postpartum Kıvırcık ewes. Thirty primiparous suckling Kıvırcık ewes were divided into 3 groups: carazolol, oxytocin, and control. The ewes underwent transcutaneous B-mode USG in the 1st week after birth, and the examinations continued via transrectal USG until the 28th day of postpartum (pp). The pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), and systolic/diastolic (S/D) velocity ratio were recorded for uterine artery by Doppler USG. On postpartum 21st day, gravid horn diameter reduction was best achieved in the carazolol group. The PI values were found to be statistically significant (P˂0.001) on days 14 and 21 pp. The mean RI values of uterine artery were statistically higher (P˂0.01) in the oxytocin group. The highest RI value was detected on the 14th day of pp. The carazolol group had statistically higher (P˂0.05) mean S/D values when compared to other groups. In conclusion, the most effective drug used to accelerate involution was found to be carazolol. The drugs used in this study appeared to have a contraction effect on the uterine arteries.

The information obtained about the gestational age allows ewes to be grouped and fed with appropriate rations for pregnancy. The aims of this study are to evaluate the relationship between placentome diameter (PD), placentome blood flow pixel area (PBFPA) and progesterone (P4) concentrations during pregnancy and to determine which parameter/s is/are effective in determining the gestational age better in sheep whose gestational age is unknown. In the study, 50 singleton pregnant Kivircik ewes were used. The day that the sheep mated with the ram was considered as day 0 of pregnancy. Ultrasonographic examinations and blood sample collections were done on the same day; once a week between 26-40 days, once every two weeks between 41-130 days, and once a week from day 130 of gestation until parturition. The power Doppler images of the biggest 3 placentomes were recorded. ImageJ software program was used for analysis of the area of colored pixels of placentome. The gestational day accurately determined up to 40th, 84th and 96th day of pregnancy according to the PD, PBFPA and P4 concentration, respectively. In conclusion, no relationship (except for PBFPA 40 and PD 40; P < 0.05) between PD, PBFPA and P4 concentration on same time segments were detected in Kivircik ewes during pregnancy in this study. It was determined that P4 concentration measurements in sheep with unknown breeding time were the most useful parameter for determining the day of gestation, rather than PBFPA and PD, until day 96 of gestation in this study. However, while progesterone allowed for a more accurate determination of the gestational age up to day 96, this method is not yet successful in accurately determining the exact day of gestation beyond day 96 and until the end of pregnancy.

The information obtained about the gestational age allows ewes to be grouped and fed with appropriate rations for pregnancy.The aims of this study are to evaluate the relationship between placentome diameter (PD), placentome blood flow pixel area (PBFPA) and progesterone (P4) concentrations during pregnancy and to determine which parameter/s is/are effective in determining the gestational age better in sheep whose gestational age is unknown.In the study, 50 singleton pregnant Kivircik ewes were used.The day that the sheep mated with the ram was considered as day 0 of pregnancy.Ultrasonographic examinations and blood sample collections were done on the same day; once a week between 26-40 days, once every two weeks between 41-130 days, and once a week from day 130 of gestation until parturition.The power Doppler images of the biggest 3 placentomes were recorded.ImageJ software program was used for analysis of the area of colored pixels of placentome.The gestational day accurately determined up to 40th, 84th and 96th day of pregnancy according to the PD, PBFPA and P4 concentration, respectively.In conclusion, no relationship (except for PBFPA 40 and PD 40; P<0.05) between PD, PBFPA and P4 concentration on same time segments were detected in Kivircik ewes during pregnancy in this study.It was determined that P4 concentration measurements in sheep with unknown breeding time were the most useful parameter for determining the day of gestation, rather than PBFPA and PD, until day 96 of gestation in this study.However, while progesterone allowed for a more accurate determination of the gestational age up to day 96, this method is not yet successful in accurately determining the exact day of gestation beyond day 96 and until the end of pregnancy.

Background: Several studies consisted of postmortem evaluations and B-mode ultrasonography have been performed on ovine uterine involution. However, researches with Doppler ultrasonography are very limited in ewes. Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive method which provides information about vascular dynamics of the tissues which cannot be examined by B-mode ultrasonography. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of two different PGF2α doses on uterine measurements by real time B-mode ultrasonography; and on uterine artery hemodynamics by pulsed-wave Doppler analysis during postpartum uterine involution in ewes.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted with 30 primiparous Kiwircik ewes which lambed singleton without any complication. The ewes were randomly divided into three groups (n= 10 for each group). A single i.m. injection of 125 μg/sheep PGF2α, 75 μg/sheep PGF2α, and 1.0 mL/sheep sterile saline solution were administered to Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The day of parturition was considered as the first day of the study. Examinations were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Diameters of previously gravid horn and caruncles were measured by real time B-mod ultrasonography. Presence of lochia was also noted. Uterine artery pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) values were measured by pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography. The one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s test were used for statistical analysis. The mean previously gravid horn diameters of ewes were 8.30 ± 0.16 cm and 1.53 ± 0.07 cm on day 1 and day 28, respectively. Previously gravid horn and caruncle diameters had a similar declining pattern in all groups as involution period proceeded. Involution was mostly completed by day 21. More than 50% reduction in uterine size was achieved in prostaglandin administered groups by day 7. Caruncles were not able to be identified after the second week postpartum. Lochia was observed for a longer period in control group. Uterine artery PI and RI showed fluctuations throughout involution period with a similar pattern among groups. S/D values progressively increased until day 14, then showed a decreasing pattern.Discussion: The effects of different PGF2α doses on uterine measurements and uterine artery hemodynamics during postpartum period were compared in ewes for the first time. The uterine size reduction in prostaglandin administered groups suggested that both PGF2α doses were effective in uterine involution. The last observation of lochia in uterine cavity were achieved by day 7 in prostaglandin administered groups, suggesting both PGF2α doses trigger uterine contractions which lead to the removal of uterine content. Automatic measurements by Doppler device were taken in order to provide uniformity and to prevent operator-based bias. The significantly higher uterine artery PI value found in Group 1 on day 1 might suggest the stimulatory effect of PGF2α administration on uterine contractility synergitically with already released endogenous PGF2α. Uterine artery PI and RI showed fluctuations throughout involution period and reached their peak values on day 14. The increasing S/D values up to day 14 indicated increasing diastolic flow, increasing resistance and decreasing blood perfusion in prostaglandin administered groups. Prostaglandin administered groups tended to show higher hemodynamic parameters throughout the study which suggested a vasoconstrictor effect of PGF2α. In conclusion, PGF2α administration on the day of parturition might have constrictor effects both on uterine artery and myometrium which leads to a reduction in uterine blood flow and a rapid decline in uterine size especially during early puerperium even with a reduced dose.

The intramammary administration of platelet concentrate is expected to treat subclinical mastitis and prevent disease recurrence effectively; therefore, it was aimed to evaluate its efficacy in terms of somatic cell count (SCC) and Milk Amyloid A (MAA) measurements. A total of 120 cow mammary lobes with subclinical mastitis were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: Antibiotic Group (ABG, n=40), Platelet Concentrate Group (PCG, n=40) or Combined Group (CG, n=40). Platelet concentrates were prepared by the double centrifugation method from blood collected from donor cows. All groups received intramammary treatments for 3 days. Analysis of MAA using a commercially available ELISA method and measurement of SCC were performed from milk samples collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Treatment success and absence of recurrence were found to be statistically significant for all three treatment protocols (P<0.001). It is concluded that intramammary platelet concentrate administration can be an effective alternative to intramammary antibiotic use for the treatment of subclinical mastitis.

A 3-year-old, 2.5-kg British shorthair cat with dystocia and protrusion of a mass through the vulva was presented to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University. Upon clinical examination, a complete uterine prolapse was diagnosed. Because of a blood blister and oedema in the uterine horns, ovariohysterectomy treatment was decided. During laparotomy, one foetus was detected in the cranial portion of the left uterine horn. After manual reduction and intraabdominal withdrawal of the prolapsed uterus, a caesarean section was performed to deliver the foetus. The last litter and the queen were discharged from the clinic in good health.

Bu yazıda, kısırlaştırılmamış, 8 yaşında, 5 kg ağırlığında olan ve çok su içme, çok idrar yapma, iştahsızlık, karında aşırı şişlik şikayetleriyle kliniğimize getirilen dişi bir tekir kedideki pyometra olgusu sunulmaktadır. Yapılan testler sonucunda viral hastalıklar yönünden negatif olduğu belirlenen kedide, lökositozun yanısıra üre ve aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) değerlerinin yüksek, albumin değerinin ise düşük olduğu saptandı. Ultrasonografik muayenede aşırı abdominal genişlemenin, pyometra nedeniyle olduğu saptandıktan sonra, sağaltım amacıyla ovariohisterektomi uygulandı. Alınan uterusun ağırlığı toplam 2.4 kg olarak ölçüldü. Pyometralı içerikten alınan örnekten mikrobiyolojik identifikasyon amacıyla yapılan ekim sonucunda, pyometra olgularında izole edildiğine dair literatür bilgiye rastlamadığımız, Mannheimia haemolytica saptandı. Sonuç olarak, sunulan bu olguda kedilerde pyometra olgularında Mannheimia haemolytica izole edilebileceği ve bu bakterinin kedinin canlı ağırlığına yakın boyutlara erişebilecek büyüklükte uterus hacminde artışa sebep olabileceği vurgulanmıştır.