This study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma on the bond strength of a universal adhesive used in etch-and-rinse mode. Dentin surfaces were etched with phosphoric acid and samples were divided into groups exposed to either dry bonding, plasma-dried bonding, plasma-dried and rewetted bonding, or wet bonding (n  =  10). Dentin surfaces of the plasma-dried specimens were treated with a plasma jet before the adhesive procedure. After application, composite blocks were built, and specimens were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength testing after 24 h and after 10,000 thermal cycles. The hybrid layer formation was evaluated by micro-Raman spectral analysis; the resin-dentin interface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests were used to statistically analyze the data. The bond strength values of the plasma-dried bonding groups were statistically higher than the non-plasma-treated groups both before and after aging. After the thermal cycles, bond strength values decreased significantly only in the wet bonding group. Micro-Raman spectral analysis revealed that plasma-drying increased adhesive penetration, especially hydrophobic monomer infiltration. This may increase the mechanical properties and durability of the resin-dentin interface, provide long-term stability, and improve the polymerization rate of the adhesive layer.

During the Covid pandemi time people understood the disinfeciton and sterlization of the environment and food for safe and healthy life. In this direction, researchers have started to research and develop focus on new technologies. In particular, ozone is an environmentally friendly preservation technique with its strong bactericidal and viridal effect, without leaving any harmful residues in terms of health. The usage area of ozone application, which is a strong oxidant, is increasing day by day. Ozone (O 3 ), which has proven to have a higher potential than chlorine and other disinfectants, was first used in the disinfection of drinking water. Today, its usage areas have expanded considerably. Especially in our daily lifes living area, hospitals clinics food industry, and it has started to be used in the disinfection of surfaces, equipment and drinking water in contact with food, disinfection of ambient air, removing unwanted odors, and preventing contamination on the surface of fruits, vegetables, meat, chicken and seafood.

Atmospheric pressure plasma (ABP) is being followed with interest as an increasing area within biomedical applications. Plasma is attracting attention because it causes DNA damage without causing thermal damage, stimulates cell proliferation and affects some stages of cell cycle. As well as direct application of ABPs to cells or tissues delivery of plasma activated medium to the desired site are also discussed. Activation of liquids such as isotonic serum and distilled water by plasma can be used primarily for medical applications including cancer and wound healing, by understanding the changes that the plasma makes in these fluids. The results of pH, ORP, H2O2 for isotonic serum and distilled water were compared by treating ABP-jets isotonic serum and distilled water using argon and helium gases separately. Helium and argon plasma jet were compared by means of optical emission spectroscopy for reactive species.

Stable operation is one of the challenging difficulties of a traveling wave tube when it comes to designing. Mismatches at the couplers, spreading of the beam more than necessary due to space-charge forces etc. may lead to self-excitations of the tube. The spreading of the beam may also lead to backward wave oscillations[1].For this reason the beam focusing is an important matter on TWT operation and strong magnetic fields are required for the confinement of the beam.In this study a lower limit for the magnetic field will be investigated for given beam parameters. CST Studio Suite will be used for modelling and simulations of a Ku band TWT [2].

Dielectric support rods such as alumina, quartz, BeO and diamond have been spaced around the helix to hold the helix in place and also to remove heat from helix. Interaction efficiency of TWT also depends on these support rod's shape and material among the other parameters 1 . For this purpose an homemade MPCVD 2 microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition) system has been built. The plasma characteristics and surface morphology of the rods and thermal analysis of the samples will be given.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrazine, methyl methacrylate, styrene and hexamethyldisiloxane by radio-frequency (rf) plasma graftings on surface properties of wool and denim fabrics. Design/methodology/approach - During plasma treatments, processing time was varied under optimized plasma conditions (50 W, rf: 13.56 MHz). All fabrics were comprehensively investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Findings - The experimental data shows that the rf-plasma processing has important effect on the wettability properties of wool and denim fabrics. The results indicated that HCl plasma treatment significantly improves the hydrophilicity of wool and denim fabrics. Originality/value - The research on wool and denim fabric treatment by plasma is original.

An atmospheric pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was obtained by 13.56 MHz rf power. A 3 turn copper coil wrapped around a quartz tube 140 mm length and 16 mm inner diameter. 9 mm tungsten wire was inserted into the tube as an igniter and grounded. As a preliminary experimental study, the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to obtain the electron temperature and density values of the argon plasma. In this study the atmospheric pressure ICP simulation will be carried out by COMSOL at different flow rate of argon and rf power values. The electron temperature and the density of plasma will be compared by the experimental results. Also the spatio-temporal evaluation of these parameters will be given. Rf cycle dependency of plasma parameters will be discussed.

Atmospheric pressure cold plasmas are used in sterilization, cutting and coagulation without damaging living tissues and cells. The preliminary studies on the production of the plasma pen which will allow cutting and coagulation at lower temperature than the conventional electrosurgery methods are presented. Intended power supply, pen design and manufacture are made. The results related to the first in vitro experiments carried out by the pen are given.

This study is investigating the direct growth of graphene on a membrane filter and a copper surface by injecting ethanol vapor into an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) at atmospheric pressure. Low temperature (<;1000) graphene production is possible by an ICP plasma [1]. The discharge chemical mechanism will be analyzed by optical emission spectrum. The effects of the temperature and the plasma power on graphene sheets will be analyzed by SEM, AFM and Raman spectra.

By injecting ethanol molecules into the argon plasma environment graphene sheets can be produced [1]. From this motivation the atmospheric pressure 2.45 GHz microwave plasma source was built. The argon and helium discharges with ethanol were obtained in a quartz tube which placed in a rectangular cavity. The discharge environment will be analyzed by optical emission method. The synthesized graphene sheets will be analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction method and Raman spectroscopy. The plasma power, gas flow rate and temperature effect on graphene sheets will be given.

PECVD method is attractive for SWCNTsyntheis due to the better control and it is providing appropriate environment for decomposition of carbon feed-stocks at a lower temperature (<;800) [1]. To produce graphene sheets on a copper surface the rf plasma source was built by using a quartz tube. The quartz tube was surrounded by a furnace for temperature control. As a carbon feed-stock an ethanol vapor was injected into the argon and hydrogen environment. The plasma environment will be analyzed by optical emission method and the effect of plasma power and the synthesis temperature on the graphene sheets will be analyzed by SEM, AFM and Raman spectra.

In recent years, Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has received great attention as polymer material for preparing microporous membranes due to its high mechanical strength, chemical resistance, thermal stability, well-controlled porosity and high hydrophobicity. PVDF microporous membranes have been used in wastewater treatment, ultrafiltration and microfiltration for general separation purposes, membrane distillation and rechargeable lithium batteries 1 . To improve the selectivity of porous membranes, different carriers can be used in preparing. Dithiophosphates were synthesized according to the method described in literature 2 . No work has been reported to date on microporous PVDF membranes containing dithiophosphates as carrier. In this work, microporous PVDF membranes containing dithiophosphates for Donnan dialysis application were prepared by freeze-gelation method 3 . To increase the efficiency of the microporous PVDF membranes and to improve their surface properties, they have been treated by Helicon plasma. The plasma treatment is a convenient technique for the chemical and physical modifications of polymer materials for improving the surface properties, such as wettability, adhesion and biocompatibility. To examine the effect of plasma treatment, the surface morphology of the plasma treatment and pristine membranes are characterized by SEM, AFM, FTIR-ATR and contact angle, respectively. In addition, both pristine and plasma treatment membranes were tested for some heavy metals removal by Donnan dialysis.

A waveguide-based microwave plasma system was built using a resonant cavity and a quartz tube. 2.45 GHz 850 W magnetron was used to obtain helium discharge without an igniter. The temporal images of discharge were recorded on microsecond time scales using an intensified charge-coupled device camera. The excitation temperature was calculated as 3385 K using the helium lines, which were obtained from emission spectrum of the discharge. The gas temperature was measured as 1208 K by a thermocouple.

Electron beam and radio frequency (RF: 13.56MHz) magnetron sputtering methods were used to obtain a highly transparent and conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) films. The coated thin films were treated by RF-H2O plasma in order to improve optical and electrical properties. RF-H2O plasma characteristics were investigated by optical emission spectroscopy during surface treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results on O 1s core levels indicated the activated oxygen species in both amorphous and crystalline ITO structures. The structural, electrical and optical properties of ITO film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and four-probe techniques. After the RF-H2O plasma treatment, the ITO films exhibited lower resistivity and better transparency due to the formation of radical species.

The paper presents the results of the research on a new polymer-membrane and gel electrolytes for electrochromic devices. A complementary solid-state electrochromic device consisting of cathodically coloring working electrode of WO3 and anodically coloring counter electrode of NiO films is prepared to compare the effects of gel or membrane forms of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymer electrolyte on the electrochromic properties of devices. The performance evaluations of the complementary solid-state electrochromic devices indicate good reversibility, low power consumption of ±3 V in colored state, high variation of transmittance changing of 64% in gel electrolyte, and lower 7% in membrane electrolyte and good memory effect under open-circuit conditions. CMC based electrolytes can be used as an ion-conducting medium and be a good candidate for complementary electrochromic devices owing to, the improved properties as well as its cheapness.

Submitted for the DPP13 Meeting of The American Physical Society Optical Measurements of Hybrid ECR and Helicon discharges LUTFI OKSUZ, ALI GULEC, Suleyman Demirel Univ. Physics Department, AHMED M. HALA, KACST, FERHAT BOZDUMAN, ERDOGAN TEKE, Suleyman Demirel Univ. Physics Department, MELEK KIRISTI, Suleyman Demirel Univ. Chemistry Department, ERDAL DIKMEN, Suleyman Demirel Univ. Physics Department, AYSEGUL OKSUZ, Suleyman Demirel Univ. Chemistry Department — An experimental study was carried to investigate the effects of simultaneously heating of plasma by ECR and Helicon sources. 850 W 2.45 GHz magnetron and axially varying magnetic field produced by permanent magnets were used for ECR system. Also Nagoya type III antenna, which is connected to the rf power source, placed into the magnetic field. The argon plasma was produced separately and simultaneously by ECR and Helicon sources in the same quartz tube at 5 mTorr. The emission spectrum was taken for different rf power. Ar I lines intensities and broadening will be used for plasma electron temperature and density. Ali Gulec Suleyman Demirel Univ Date submitted: 10 Sep 2013 Electronic form version 1.4