INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment is a commonly reported clinical concern among men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In older adults, moderate to high intensity physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are consistently associated with better cognitive function; however, these relationships remain underexplored in men receiving ADT, limiting evidence-informed exercise strategies to support cognitive health. AIM: Assess correlations between fitness and self-reported physical activity with cognitive function in men with prostate cancer undergoing ADT. METHODS: Men diagnosed with prostate cancer receiving ADT were included (n=20). Fitness was predicted from an Astrand Rhyming test on a recumbent bike. Self-reported physical activity was obtained from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire with moderate, vigorous and total metabolic minute equivalents per week recorded. Cognitive performance (executive function, spatial awareness, memory and reaction time) was assessed via a computerised cognitive battery. Spearman’s rho (ρ) assessed correlation direction and magnitude with 90% bootstrapped confidence intervals. RESULTS: Higher fitness was associated with faster reaction times (large effect ρ=0.51, CI [-0.18, 0.74]; p=0.02) as well as accuracy in executive function (moderate effect ρ=0.40, [0.03, 0.69], p=0.08) and spatial awareness tasks (moderate effect ρ=0.41, [0.04, 0.70], p=0.07). Self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity is moderately associated with reaction time in an executive function assessment involving task switching (ρ=0.37, CI [-0.06, 0.69], p=0.11) and non-switching elements (ρ=0.33, [−0.08, 0.65], p=0.16). No other associations reached significance and at least a moderate effect size between fitness or self-reported physical activity at any intensity and cognition. CONCLUSION: Cross-sectionally, higher fitness and greater engagement in moderate to higher-intensity physical activity may be linked to better cognitive performance, in particular reaction time, in men with prostate cancer receiving ADT. These results support the growing role of exercise professionals in addressing cancer-related cognitive concerns, highlighting the need for further targeted and longitudinal research in this area.

Introduction:Men with prostate cancer undergoing treatment commonly report poorer cognitive performance than their age-matched controls. Within other populations, modifiable risks factors including cognitive and physical activity can independently provide potent cognitive and neuroprotective benefits. However, greater benefits may be achieved by combining stimuli simultaneously (concurrently) to promote greater neurogenesis, connectivity, and improved cognitive outcomes. This approach has been tested in older populations with and without cognitive impairment, but initial acceptability, feasibility and efficacy are yet to be demonstrated in men affected by prostate cancer. This research aims to (1) demonstrate the acceptability and feasibility of a concurrent cognitive and physical training intervention against pre-set progression criteria and, (2) provide initial estimates of intervention effectiveness on cognitive function, fatigue, and quality of life in men with prostate cancer on ADT. Methods:Seventy-six men diagnosed with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy will be the recruitment target. This pilot and feasibility study will employ a randomized controlled trial design where participants will be assigned to one of four groups: (1) concurrent training-moderate intensity stationary cycling whilst simultaneously performing computerized cognitive training, (2) moderate intensity stationary cycling only, (3) computerized cognitive training only or (4) wait-list control group. Training will be completed twice a week for 8 weeks, building up to 60 min per session. Assessment of the first aim will include an appraisal of recruitment success, adherence, adverse events, subjective acceptability, and the principle of no cognitive harm in response to the intervention. In line with aim two, additional measures will include a computerized cognitive battery and subjective questionnaires on cognition, fatigue, and quality of life. Discussion:Internationally, many men continue to grapple with the debilitating effects of cognitive decline after a diagnosis and associated treatment with little, or no, evidence-based self-management strategies advised in practice. This timely research will explore the feasibility of concurrent training to treat the cognitive side-effects of androgen deprivation therapy and, in turn, inform the design of a future large-scale clinical trial. Clinical trial registration:https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=385591&isReview=true, identifier ACTRN12623000767606.

INTRODUCTION/ AIMS: Concurrent cognitive and physical training has shown beneficial effects for enhancing executive function at rest in older adults and athletes, and may offer a novel way to prepare individuals for roles which impose simultaneous cognitive and physical demands. However, its effects on cognition during and following exertion, remains unclear. This study investigated whether a 12-week concurrent training program improves cognitive performance during a combined cognitive and physical task, and whether these improvements extend to subsequent rested cognitive performance. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial included 107 adults (25 ± 6 yr; 58 females) assigned to one of three 12-week programs: physical training (two 60-minute moderate-intensity cycling sessions/week), concurrent training (cycling performed simultaneously with adaptive, multi-domain cognitive training), or separate training (cycling plus two rested cognitive training sessions/week). Pre- and post-testing involved: a ~45-minute weighted treadmill walk with embedded cognitive tasks; a rested cognitive battery; and subjective measures of perceived readiness and workload. Intervention effects were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: During the treadmill task, all groups improved verbal recall (p<0.001), but only the concurrent group improved response inhibition accuracy (p=0.018) with no change in reaction time across groups. This coincided with an increased challenge-oriented appraisal for the concurrent group (p=0.032). However, during the subsequent cognitive battery, this group showed post-intervention slowing on the psychomotor vigilance task (p=0.033), consistent with reduced attentional reserve following greater inhibitory engagement. All groups improved reaction time on the visual search, stroop and category switch tasks (all p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Concurrent training selectively enhanced inhibitory control during a combined cognitive and physical task and prompted a more adaptive psychological readiness state, both qualities relevant to cognitively demanding occupations. While these improvements did not extend to rested cognition, concurrent training shows promise as a task-specific tool for preparing individuals for cognitive performance under and after physical load.

INTRODUCTION: Men with prostate cancer undergoing hormone treatment commonly report poorer cognitive performance than their age-matched controls. Within other populations, cognitive and physical activity can independently provide cognitive benefits, however, greater benefits may be achieved by combining stimuli simultaneously (concurrently). Initial feasibility and acceptability of this approach are yet to be demonstrated in men affected by prostate cancer. AIM: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a concurrent cognitive and physical training intervention for men with prostate cancer undergoing hormone treatment. METHODS: Men diagnosed with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy were randomly allocated to either a physical training (n=7), cognitive training (n=2), concurrent training (n=6) intervention or waitlist control (n=5). Feasibility of the intervention was determined by recruitment success (target n=76), intervention adherence (aiming for >65%), occurrence of adverse events, and benefit likelihood for cognitive health. Acceptability was assessed qualitatively using reflexive thematic analysis of participant experience. All outcomes were considered against a pre-determined criteria to indicate appropriateness of progression to a larger clinical trial. RESULTS: Although only 26% of the target recruitment was met, other feasibility measures were favourable, including overall study adherence (95%, no withdrawals), compliance with intervention parameters (≥90%) and no serious adverse events. Further, the concurrent intervention appeared to offer overall cognitive benefits (Hedge’s g≥0.5 - medium effect - relative to wait-list control). Subjective acceptability indicated overall enjoyment and high satisfaction (including professionalism and quality) with the concurrent intervention. Key insights for future trial design were also offered. CONCLUSION: This novel intervention is feasible and acceptable given the high adherence, positive study and intervention compliance and favourable subjective acceptability, provided improved participant recruitment can be addressed. Concurrent cognitive and physical interventions could provide a time-efficient means of supporting those on hormone treatment with cognitive side effects and warrants further exploration in a larger clinical trial.

Robust empirical evidence supports the effectiveness of physical and cognitive training in preventing and delaying cognitive decline. Emerging research suggests distinct neurobiological mechanisms underpin the effects of these different training modalities. An unresolved question is whether the mechanisms through which these training modalities impart their effect interact synergistically to improve cognitive outcomes, rather than exerting additive effects, differ. In addition, past research has been inconsistent in adequately controlling for or documenting the dosage of physical and/or cognitive training. Consequently, the aim of this study is to assess the relative effectiveness of physical and cognitive training conducted in isolation or concurrently, whilst rigorously controlling and documenting the treatment parameters. This study is a three-arm randomised controlled trial conducted over a 3-month period, comparing cognitive training, physical activity, and a combination of both interventions. Older cognitively healthy participants (n = 126) aged 60–75 years will be recruited from the community. The physical only training will require participants to cycle on a cycle ergometer at above 60

BackgroundYoung adults face heightened cognitive demands from modern work and societal pressures, necessitating interventions to support cognitive performance. Research on concurrent training, whereby physical and cognitive training are performed simultaneously, suggests benefits for enhancing physical and cognitive performance in a time-efficient manner. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of concurrent training on physical and cognitive performance in young, healthy adults compared to separate or physical-only training.MethodsA 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 107 participants (25 ± 6 yrs, 58 females) allocated to one of three groups: 1) bi-weekly stationary cycling (physical); 2) bi-weekly physical training while performing simultaneous cognitive training (concurrent); or 3) bi-weekly physical training plus bi-weekly cognitive training (separate). Physical training involved stationary cycling at 70%–80% of maximal heart rate achieved during baseline testing. Cognitive training was delivered using an adaptive, multi-domain computer program. Physical and cognitive performance was assessed before and after the 12-week intervention via a cognitive battery and maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test. To assess differences in intervention efficacy, all participants randomized with baseline assessments were included in intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed effects models.ResultsAcross all interventions, response speed improved in tasks requiring rapid executive function including Visual Search, Stroop, and Category Switch. However, the concurrent and physical training groups achieved this improvement with comparatively smaller declines in accuracy. Reaction time in the Psychomotor Vigilance Task increased across groups, with the physical group showing slower reaction time and more lapses than the concurrent and separate training groups. Cardiorespiratory fitness improved most for the separate group, but, despite this, time-to-exhaustion improved in all groups with no difference between interventions.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate improvement to components of cognitive performance in young adults over a 12-week intervention. Reaction time improved across various cognitive tasks for all groups, however, the concurrent group demonstrated this improvement most consistently, and with less compromises to accuracy. Despite the separate group appearing favourable for cardiorespiratory fitness, there were no differences for time-to-exhaustion. Given the time-efficient nature of concurrent training, this modality shows promise for developing both physical and cognitive performance in young healthy adults, relative to other active interventions.

INTRODUCTION: Workplace settings often involve a high level of cognitive demand, requiring high performance in cognitive functions such as task-switching, inhibitory control, and vigilance. Investigating the effect of a high occupational cognitive load is important to prevent job burnout but may also elucidate the positive benefits of working at a high level, as these cognitive skills may be applied in settings outside the workplace. This study aimed to examine associations between occupational cognitive demand and performance on cognitive tasks, controlling for baseline variables. METHODS: 107 young, healthy adults (f=58; age=25±6 yrs; baseline V̇O2peak 36.8±9.2 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed the Demand Induced Strain Compensation Questionnaire, a 45-minute cognitive battery, and a maximal fitness test. The cognitive battery included a working memory task (digit span), an inhibitory control task (the Stroop task), and a vigilance test, the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Potential associations between occupational cognitive demand and cognitive and physical outcomes were investigated using hierarchical regression models. Initial models controlled for age, sex, and cardiorespiratory fitness, and changes in the model fit assessed after including occupational cognitive demand. RESULTS: There was no association between occupational cognitive demand and the working memory task (p≥0.600) or inhibitory control (p=0.243). Similarly, occupational cognitive demand did not contribute to time to exhaustion for either males or females (p≥0.660). Occupational cognitive demand did however contribute to the association with vigilance, improving the model fit with reaction time in the PVT (Δr2 =0.033, p=0.034). CONCLUSION: Participants who reported a high occupational cognitive demand performed better at a vigilance task at the end of a 45-minute cognitive battery when controlling for age, sex and cardiorespiratory fitness. People who work in jobs with a high level of cognitive demand may be able to apply vigilance skills outside the workplace. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This project has been funded by the Australian Department of Defence

Completing cognitive training alongside physical activity may be an effective and efficient way to improve cognitive performance. To inform ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of physical and cognitive training, intervention fidelity and participant experience should be considered. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive account of the interventions and participant experiences within a concurrent physical and cognitive training RCT. In total, 107 healthy active young adults were recruited for a 12-week investigator-blinded RCT. Participants were assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) concurrent physical and cognitive training, (2) separate physical and cognitive training, or (3) physical-only training. Measures of physical and perceived load including power output, cadence, exertion, enjoyment, and task load, were collected in weeks 3, 7, and 10 of the intervention. Cognitive training volume and load were collected for the concurrent and separate groups over the duration of the intervention. Measures of intervention acceptability included withdrawal rates and end-of-intervention participant feedback. Participant attendance at training sessions was high (concurrent: 92 ± 7

Background:A considerable number of published clinical trials have examined the anxiety-reducing effects of music therapy interventions across several settings, including mental health care, medical environments, and work- and study-related contexts. Music therapy involves personally tailored music interventions that are designed and implemented by qualified music therapists to meet the specific health needs of individual patients. Methods:To summarise this evidence base, we conducted a linear restricted maximum likelihood multilevel meta-analysis searching multiple electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochran Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science core collection), from inception to 12th February 2025. The primary measure was the effects of music therapy on 7 psychological anxiety outcomes and physiological outcomes. The secondary measures were outcome, study, sample, or intervention design factors that moderate the effects of music therapy interventions. Meta-analyses were performed on 93 effect sizes (ES) from 51 studies to assess the magnitude of effects of music therapy targeting anxiety outcomes, and to compare effects across key intervention and study design factors. PROSPERO registration (CRD42024495801). Findings:Of the 10,210 identified records, 6147 records were screened and 51 articles meeting the research criteria were included. Results showed an overall medium effect of music therapy across all anxiety outcomes (g = 0.357, [0.201, 0.514]; 51 trials, 93 ES), of which a medium effect was found in participants' self-reported anxiety (g = 0.410, [0.236, 0.585]; 50 trials, 61 ES) and a small non-significant effect in physiological outcomes (g = 0.153 [-0.153, 0.400]; 13 trials, 32 ES). Subgroup analyses showed significant larger effects for receptive and combination of active and receptive interventions when compared with active interventions. Interpretation:The findings suggest that music therapy, particularly receptive methods or combinations of receptive and active approaches, offer effective, flexible, and scalable interventions for reducing anxiety symptoms, offering psychological benefits that enhance patient autonomy and quality of life, though its impact on physiological outcomes and long-term effects requires further research. Funding:This work was supported by a McKenzie Postdoctoral Fellowship from the University of Melbourne (MdW), and NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences through internal postdoctoral research funding (SA).

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive cognitive, physical, and psychiatric symptoms. Computerised cognitive training (CCT) is a novel intervention that aims to improve and maintain cognitive functions through repeated practice. The effects of CCT have yet to be established in HD. This randomised pilot trial examined the feasibility of a large scale trial to assess efficacy of multidomain CCT in pre-manifest and early-stage HD. 28 participants were randomised to either at-home CCT (2 × 60 min sessions per week for 12 weeks; n = 13) or lifestyle education through monthly newsletters (n = 15). Participants completed cognitive tasks and questionnaires at baseline and follow up, either in person (n = 18) or via video teleconferencing (n = 10). All participants were retained at follow up, and adherence to CCT ranged from 96 to 100

BACKGROUND:Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise for developing tools that can track social behaviours and support clinical assessments and outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This review evaluated existing AI algorithms for extracting facial information during social interaction assessments and contributing to diagnostic accuracy for ASD assessment and response to therapy. METHODS:Systematic review of studies on human participants with an ASD diagnosis, sourced from Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library, evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of AI algorithms in ASD classification and their use in tracking social development through facial information for clinical application in social interactions. Bivariate and multi-level models addressed dependencies, heterogeneity, moderators (modalities, algorithms, tasks), and applied robust variance estimation. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots. The QUADAS-2 tool assessed the risk of bias and applicability. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021249905). FINDINGS:Of 40,570 studies identified, 38 met the review criteria, and seven provided sufficient data for meta-analysis. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio of 15.917 (95% CI [4.775-53.059]), and bivariate analysis estimated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862. Accuracy improved with facial features, unstructured play, support vector machines, and decision tree-based algorithms. AI methods can analyse social behaviours, including eye gaze on social stimuli, emotional expression, and joint attention in ASD assessments. AI-enabled robots have also been used to guide therapy. INTERPRETATION:This study shows that AI can accurately and objectively augment ASD assessments, track social behaviours, and enhance therapy outcomes. Further validation in diverse populations is needed to ensure clinical applicability and ethical use. FUNDING:None.

MATCH (Music Attuned Technology – Care via eHealth) is a music and health application that supports caregivers of people living with dementia to use music strategically to better manage care through virtual training and intuitive music technology. This study trialled a prototype version of the MATCH app with family caregivers and people with dementia residing in the community. 16 Dyads trialled the prototype MATCH app. After completing the virtual training in the app, family caregivers created personalised playlists within the app and used strategies learnt during training with the person they care for at least twice per week over 8 weeks. Pre-post measures on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and Acceptability of the mobile app and training were captured to detect change in symptoms and feasibility of the application. Qualitative measures including a participation diary and qualitative interviews captured participant perspectives and usage of the app. Significant pre-post changes in symptom severity (-4.23 [4.9], 95% CI -7.2 to -1.3, p = 0.009) and symptom distress (-5.69 [5.8], 95% CI -9.2 to -2.2, p = 0.004) on the NPI-Q were found, but not on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (-4.38 [11.6], 95% CI -9.9 to 1.34, p = 0.109). Subscales of the NPI-Q found significant changes to mood symptoms (-1.23 [1.9], 95% CI -2.36 to -0.01, p = 0.036) and frontal symptoms (-1.45 [23], 95% CI -2.87 to -0.05, p = 0.043), but not agitation/aggression (-1.1 (1.9], 95% CI -2.21 to 0.07, p = 0.062). 85% of carers were satisfied with the MATCH app features, and 92% were satisfied with the music training. Qualitative findings revealed that participants found the strategies to be effective, and that they were able to integrate music-based strategies into their care routines. The MATCH app was found to be feasible and acceptable; family caregivers reported that MATCH training was understandable and useful. There is preliminary evidence that music interventions implemented by trained family caregivers are effective in reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Effective, scalable dementia prevention interventions are needed to address modifiable risk factors given global burden of dementia and challenges in developing disease-modifying treatments. A single-blind randomized controlled trial assessed an online multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline over 3 years. Participants were dementia-free community-dwelling Australians aged 55–77 years with modifiable dementia risk factors. Eligible participants (n = 6,104, 64

Background Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been found to improve cognition by altering functional activity and functional connectivity of brain networks in people with and without cognitive impairment. The effects of CCT on functional brain networks in Huntington's disease (HD) have not been comprehensively examined. Objective In our pilot trial of CCT, we aimed to explore effects of CCT on functional activity and connectivity of fronto-striatal regions during processing speed and cognitive flexibility tasks, and functional connectivity of resting-state networks in HD. Methods Sixteen participants in pre-manifest and early stages of HD were randomised to either a 12-week multi-domain CCT intervention (n = 6) or lifestyle education (n = 10). Participants completed a 1-h magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at baseline and follow-up, which included task-based and resting-state functional MRI. Analyses examined changes in functional activity and connectivity of fronto-striatal regions during processing speed and cognitive flexibility task performance, as well as functional connectivity within default mode and frontoparietal resting-state networks. Results While there was evidence of benefits to in-scanner task performance, there were no significant effects on functional activity or functional connectivity of fronto-striatal regions during task performance, or resting-state functional connectivity. Conclusion CCT did not generate significant effects on functional activity or connectivity of fronto-striatal networks associated with processing speed or cognitive flexibility, or resting-state networks in HD. A larger study is required to further examine the effects of CCT on functional brain outcomes and potential moderating factors.

Background:Music attuned technology - care via eHealth (MATCH) supports caregivers to use music-based strategies to enhance the care of people with dementia. It comprises a mobile app with an embedded training programme co-designed by music therapy experts and service users. This article presents findings from the first MATCH trial in the community. Methods:Thirteen dyads (caregivers and care-recipients) trialled MATCH in an 8-week pre-post single-arm proof-of-concept study. We evaluated the acceptability (Acceptability E-Scale (AES)) and usability (System Usability Scale (SUS)) of MATCH, knowledge gain (Knowledge Assessment), and preliminary effects of MATCH strategies on mood and agitation (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q); Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI)). Caregivers also completed weekly check-in interviews and maintained a paper diary, where they reported their use of MATCH (adherence) and any perceived effects; this data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results:Participants found MATCH acceptable (combined AES median score of 28, range 25-34) and useful (SUS median score of 73.5, range 55-100). NPI-Q scores showed a reduction in the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia (median change: -5, 95% confidence interval (CI): -9, 0) and associated caregiver distress reduction (median change: -7, 95% CI: -13, 0). Qualitative findings revealed overall positive impacts of MATCH, including perceived benefits for mood, cognition, engagement and connectedness, easing personal care, and reducing agitation and caregiver stress. Additionally, findings highlighted barriers, enablers, and instances where MATCH was less helpful. Conclusion:MATCH has the potential to help people with dementia and caregivers develop new music-based routines that can support wellbeing and connectedness and reduce distress.

Family caregivers of people living with dementia need easy-to-access strategies to manage changing care needs. Music therapy is valuable for supporting dementia care, but not always accessible. Technologies could potentially facilitate accessible, home-based music therapy support, but need to be carefully evaluated. We conducted an 8-week field trial of a prototype mobile application, MATCH, with caregivers and people living with dementia. MATCH contains training videos and suggested playlists showing how to use music for specific care needs. MATCH, and music streaming broadly, enabled caregivers to add new strategies to their care repertoire, addressing a range of care needs and enhancing the care relationship. To make MATCH work, however, caregivers needed to fit it into complex care environments and existing technologies. We argue that digital therapeutic tools need to be adopted by caregivers to fit their individual contexts, and this can challenge assumptions about how therapeutic tools will work in practice.

Cancer-related cognitive impairment has a significant impact on the quality of life and perceived cognitive ability of breast cancer patients and frequently affects attention, working memory, and executive function. Several interventional approaches to treat these deficits have been studied, including web-based cognitive training, but methods and timing in relation to cancer treatment are heterogeneous. Only few interventions start early after primary breast cancer treatment, a time when many patients report the greatest impairments in quality of life and cognition. In this randomized controlled pilot study, 31 breast cancer survivors with subjective cognitive deficits and a mean post-treatment duration of 6.6 months (SD = 9.3) were assigned to either 14 weeks of a web-based cognitive training program (training group, n = 16) or a control group (n = 15). All patients underwent detailed neuropsychological assessment, evaluation of patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), and neurological examination before (baseline, T1) and after (follow-up, T2) the intervention. Longitudinal (T1 vs. T2) and cross-sectional (T2) cognitive performance was assessed for both groups. Overall cognitive impairment significantly improved in the training group following training (56% vs 25%; p = 0.03, Phi = 0.51), but not in the control group (73% vs. 73%; p = 1) in the longitudinal analysis (T1 vs. T2). Specifically, the training group showed statistically significant improvement of executive functions (p = 0.004, Phi = 0.32). No effects of training on subjective cognitive deficits or PROMs were observed. Comparing cross-sectional cognitive performance at follow-up (T2), the training group showed a significantly lower rate of cognitive impairment overall (p = 0.007, Phi = 0.48) and a better cognitive performance for executive function (p = 0.04, Phi = 0.32) compared to the control group. In this prospective pilot study, web-based cognitive training was efficacious in improving overall cognitive performance and executive function. Importantly, this study investigated a web-based cognitive training for the immediate post-treatment phase, when up to 75% of breast cancer patients experience cognitive decline. These results indicate that cognitive training may improve neuropsychological outcomes for patients with breast cancer.

Huntington's disease (HD) causes progressive cognitive decline, with no available treatments. Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has shown efficacy in other populations, but its effects in HD are largely unknown. This pilot study will explore the effects and neural mechanisms of CCT in HD. The intervention group participants will complete 12 weeks of multidomain CCT. Control group participants will receive lifestyle education and access to CCT after the study. The primary outcome is change in processing speed. Secondary outcomes include - change in other cognitive domains, functional brain network connectivity (derived from MRI) and psychosocial function. Feasibility outcomes include rates of recruitment, adherence and retention. This study may provide insights into the effects of CCT in HD and guide future trials.