The purpose of this paper is to explore how New York City is perceived as a tourist destination. The quantitative research method offered a structured approach to collecting data, allowing for the analysis and quantification of participant responses. The convenience sample consisted of 108 respondents. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors influencing both the attraction to and deterrence from visiting New York City as a tourist destination, as well as to gauge overall perceptions of the city among potential visitors. Through a comprehensive survey, key motivators such as iconic monuments, a vibrant cultural scene, and accessibility were identified as primary draws for tourists. Respondents expressed strong support for experiencing attractions like the Statue of Liberty and Broadway shows, highlighting the significance of cultural richness and unique architectural features. Conversely, the study also revealed significant barriers to visitation. The high cost of accommodation emerged as the most prominent deterrent, underscoring economic accessibility as a critical factor in tourism decision-making. Other concerns included congestion, security issues, and limited public transport options, which may dissuade potential visitors from traveling to the city. In terms of overall impressions, the results showed that a vast majority of respondents view New York City as an iconic and glamorous location with a diverse cultural landscape. Most participants expressed a willingness to recommend the city to friends and family, although a notable percentage exhibited reservations. Furthermore, the analysis emphasized the importance of affordable options for activities and attractions, suggesting that enhancing economic accessibility could positively influence visitation rates. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights for tourism agencies and local authorities. By addressing key concerns and highlighting the city's unique offerings, strategies can be developed to enhance New York City's appeal and accessibility, ultimately boosting its status as a leading tourist destination.

U Bosni i Hercegovini nedostaje istraživanja na području valorizacije georaznolikosti, što je rezultiralo zanemarivanjem njezinih znanstvenih vrijednosti, ali i nedovoljnim razvojem geoturizma. Cilj je ovoga rada valorizirati odabrane geomorfolokalitete Parka prirode Blidinje s obzirom na njihovu geoturističku vrijednost. Primijenjeni metodološki koncept nastao je kao rezultat analize postojećih metodoloških koncepata valorizacije georaznolikosti, pri čemu su objedinjeni kriteriji za procjenu osnovne, dodane, zaštitne i turističke vrijednosti. Jedan od ciljeva rada jest i doprinos boljem razumijevanju i primjeni metodoloških koncepata turističke valorizacije, posebice u okviru zaštićenih prirodnih područja. Tijekom istraživanja izdvojena su 44 lokaliteta, a na osnovi rezultata preliminarne procjene kreirana je lista s ukupno 23 lokaliteta koji su valorizirani, od čega se njih osam izdvaja većom ocjenom od prosječne. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja upućuju na potencijal za razvoj ponude geoturizma PP Blidinje, čiji bi temelj trebali biti najbolje ocijenjeni geomorfolokaliteti.

Flood represents a temporary cover of water that submerges land, usually not covered by water, which is caused by water overflowing the watercourses. The floods that occur in the area of Zenica-Doboj Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina cause massive damage to agriculture, housing, equipment and civil engineering facilities and can be characterized as hazards. The hydrographic backbone of this Canton is the river Bosna, and the subject of research in this paper is the flood vulnerability in Zenica-Doboj Canton. The result of the work is the production of flood hazard and risk maps using GIS. Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis and visual elements have been used frequently in recent years for detection of flood hazard areas and preparation of maps. GIS applications are based on a database and analysis tools which have logical and mathematical relationships between the layers. When creating the flood hazard map, in addition to GIS tools, Hec-RAS was also used as a program intended for the analysis of hydraulic calculations. The results of this paper are of great importance for spatial planning and environmental protection, starting with local communities, municipalities and the entire Canton.

The research subject is the planning of green infrastructure in the area of the City of Sarajevo. Green infrastructure is crucial for the preservation of geodiversity and biodiversity and the general benefit of the population of Sarajevo. This is reflected in a wide range of geosystem services, through mitigation of climate change and other geoecological imbalances and their consequences, providing key habitats for flora and fauna, provision of clean air and drinking water, tourism, and more. As part of the research, an analysis of the surface coverage of green infrastructure in the analyzed area was performed. This analysis involved comparing changes in green infrastructure over the last 20 years based on existing remote area detection. Vectorization of landscaped green areas on recent satellite images and their correlation with the norms and standards of Bosnia and Herzegovina in this area was also performed. The analysis of the current situation and the transformation of green infrastructure during the mentioned period was performed by categories of regulated park areas, unarranged green areas, and protected areas. A quantitative analysis of specific indicators in the area for municipalities and settlements in the City of Sarajevo is planned. The results of the conducted research were compared with the valid spatial planning documentation, based on which assumptions for the future period were given. The statistical method, GIS method, cartographic method, method of analysis, synthesis, and comparison were applied during the research.

The subject of the research is the application of GIS in geoecological evaluation of terrain–case study Nature Park Hutovo blato. Geoecological evaluation of terrain is strongly relevant methodological procedure, which can be used for acquiring results about real value of particular areas. Method of terrain evaluation is also used, through five categories: hypsometric characteristics, angle of slopes, vertical dissection, terrain mobility and vegetation cover. The aim of the research is to clarify how valuable and useful certain segments of the terrain are for the purpose of spatial planning–for the tourism valorization, construction of various objects etc.Paper consists of several parts. First part defines the exact area of exploration. In the second part geomorphological characteristics of the researched area were analyzed. Geoecological evaluation of terrain, performed in third part was based onprevious geomorphological analysis as well as bonity categories. Methods used in this paper are: analysis, synthesis, statistical method and cartographic method. Complete analysis was conducted using GIS.

Both cartography and tourismology are scientific disciplines that originated in geography. Until recently, it was considered that, along with other geosciences, they were only subdisciplines that deal with its individual segments in more detail. From the formal point of view, such theories can be justified to some extent, but essentially, we see that these are two very serious sciences with a wide range of scientific research competencies. Traces of cartographic and tourismological research can be found, from the oldest levels of development of human civilization when they developed under the auspices of geography to their later development as a discipline that studies and observes the Earth and its spheres from a cause-and-effect point of view. Since the separation from their „mother“ discipline and their further independent development, with specific scientific-research peculiarities, both cartography and tourism form a special way of studying the objective reality and interpretation of the observed. This paper will research the connection of these two sciences, which rely on each other, where appropriate solutions arise from mutual connections, which are in themselves answers to the questions asked. The specificity of the connection between these sciences is seen in the application of the cartographic method, ie enabling the perception of three important categories through the spatial, temporal and essential definition of the tourism specifics of the treated space. Cartography draws contents from tourism and tourism, in cartography and its numerous methods and means of expression, seeks the most expedient ways of presenting the obtained data.

The subject of research is the discussion and understanding the role of professional athletes in the development of sports tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research problem stems from the need for more detailed research of sports tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as a detailed research of the role of professional athletes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A qualitative method was used in the research. The qualitative method was conducted among six experts in the field of sports, in the form of in-depth interviews. The aim of the research is to find out and analyze the views of experts in the field of sports, sports journalism and on the topic of sports tourism and its impact on the image of Bosnia and Herzegovina through the promotion of professional athletes.

This paper analyses the influence of tourist expenses on the satisfaction with Sarajevo as a tourist destination, as well as their loyalty. It observes how tourist expenses influence the general quality of tourist destination offer, overall tourist satisfaction with a tourist destination, perceived value, declaration of tourist satisfaction with a tourist destination, as well as intention to revisit and recommend Sarajevo to friends and relatives. Quantitative research has been applied in this paper. The sample for this study included 250 respondents. Descriptive statistics and tests of statistical significance were used in analysing data. This paper contributes to a better understanding of tourist satisfaction and loyalty from the aspect of expenses of tourists. The paper additionally contributes to a better understanding of tourist satisfaction and loyalty, also from the aspect of expenses of tourists. The results confirm that tourists are very sensitive to the expenses and that they definitely affect their satisfaction.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to assess importance-performance analysis (IPA) and service performance (SERVPERF) conceptualizations of service quality, and to establish which one excels in predicting the tourists' satisfaction in hotel industry; and (2) to test the mediating role of satisfaction between quality conceptualization and hotel guests’ repurchase intentions and word of mouth recommendations regarding the hotel. Design – A conceptual framework was empirically tested on a sample of 311 tourists staying in six hotels in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), which is a tourist destination with increased relevance internationally. Methodology – Covariance-based structural equation modeling was used to estimate the model. Approach – Two conceptualizations were firstly estimated separately then they were contrasted and compared. Findings – The results showed a slight superiority of the IPA conceptualization over that of SERVPERF in predicting satisfaction and in affecting customer attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. This study also confirms the vital mediating role of satisfaction on customer outcomes. Originality of the research – This study utilizes and compares two relevant conceptualizations of hotel service quality and is based on a conceptual framework that establishes which one is better for predicting tourists’ behavioral outcomes. The study is of practical relevance since it gives suggestions on tools that should be used by hotel managers in assessing the quality perceived by their guests.

Intensity of action and frequency of high and low pressure barometric fields of large and medium scale have great influence on dynamics of pluviometric regime. On their action depend characteristics of thermic regime, relative humidity, cloudiness and windiness, which directly affect the precipitation. Concerning that the water balance is difference between the inflow and evaporation, it comes that precipitations do not have just special role, but they are also the most important factor of the Una river regime. Disposition and precipitation structure are the river regime's essential assumptions, so at the same annual height of precipitation, we have more water in rivers in the year with more precipitations during the colder period. Then we have less evaporation so the inflow from the basin is bigger. The amount and disposition of the precipitation in the Una River basin is analyzed in this paper in order to define the pluviometric regime of this area. Pluviometric regime greatly influences the Una river regime and water balance, what was the reason for this analysis and further hydrological research in the Una River basin.

For better development of alternative tourism supply in mountain tourism destinations it is necessary to identify and evaluate tourism attractions that could be better valorised when creating tourism products. It is an essential part of the destination analysis to determine perception of local population and tourists when evaluating tourism attractiveness. Olympic Mountain Bjelašnica in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a representative case study of mountain tourism destination, whose recent phase of tourism development is characterized by a variety of tourism supply that allows practicing many forms of tourism with the dominance of the winter tourist season and the skiing tourism of mass character. The principal aim of the study is to determine the differences in the evaluation of tourism attractions of alternative tourism in tourism supply of Bjelašnica within and between group of local residents and tourists. Direct survey was conducted during the summer 2016 and sample included 98 local residents and 111 tourists. Results show: a) tourists evaluate most of attractions higher then local residents, b) some attractions are higher evaluated by younger and more educated local residents, c) older tourists evaluate cultural and historical heritage better, while tourists with college degree are most satisfied with tourism and recreational infrastructure considering the age, gender and level of education, and d) all clusters of attractions are rated as more attractive by tourists who stay at purpose-built mountain tourist resort Babin Do, compared to those in Bjelašnica's villages. Results can be applied as a guideline to raise local residents' awareness of tourism attractions and developing more specific tourism supply that will address not solely mass tourism, but also alternative forms of tourism.

In this paper, the morphometric characteristics of the Una River basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were analyzed using geographic information systems (GIS). Quantitative geomorphological analysis was carried out (hypsometric characteristics, slope inclination,vertical relief dissection, and slope exposition). Analyzed parameters are indicators of shapes and recent processes in relief. The significance of this analysis is reflected in the fact that the obtained data have numerical value, are verifiable and multiple applicable in practice for the purposes of agriculture water management, construction sector urbanism, tourism, spatial planning, etc.

Encouraging irrigation, especially of small farmland and orchards, careful construction of small hydropower plants, the development of fisheries and tourism on and by the water, much greater use of mineral and thermal waters, and other possibilities provided by unused renewable resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina provide significant opportunities to develop an environmentally friendly economy. Application of the principles of sustainable development and set goals requires more precise definition and putting into a clear economic, environmental, social, and institutional context.

In this paper, the morphometric characteristics of the Una River basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were analyzed using geographic information systems (GIS). Quantitative geomorphological analysis was carried out (hypsometric characteristics, slope inclination,vertical relief dissection, and slope exposition). Analyzed parameters are indicators of shapes and recent processes in relief. The significance of this analysis is reflected in the fact that the obtained data have numerical value, are verifiable and multiple applicable in practice for the purposes of agriculture water management, construction sector urbanism, tourism, spatial planning, etc.

Bosna i Hercegovina, u kojoj se zimski turizam pojavio i znacajno razvio u razdoblju socijalisticke Jugoslavije, nakon osamostaljenja i poslijeratne obnove, danas predstavlja sve znacajniju skijalisnu turisticku destinaciju. Olimpijske planine Bjelasnica i Igman reprezentativan su primjer planinske turisticke destinacije u Bosni i Hercegovini koja je prosla kroz vise faza turistickog razvoja. Prije Zimskih olimpijskih igara, održanih u Sarajevu 1984. godine, glavnina dokolicarskih aktivnosti na Bjelasnici i Igmanu bila je vezana uz rekreaciju - ponajvise planinarenje te jednodnevno ili vikend skijanje. Prekretnicu u razvoju turizma na ovom podrucju oznacila je izgradnja olimpijskih staza za alpsko i nordijsko skijanje, skijaskih skakaonica, kao i hotelskih kapaciteta i potrebne komunalne i prometne infrastrukture. Rat nakon raspada socijalisticke Jugoslavije u prvoj polovici 1990-ih godine u potpunosti je zaustavio turisticki razvoj, a svi prijeratni hotelski kapaciteti s pripadajucom infrastrukturom su unisteni. U posljednjih petnaestak godina dolazi do obnove dijela hotelskih kapaciteta te jacanja turizma, ponegdje i preko praga nosivosti osjetljivog planinskog ekosustava. Recentni turisticki razvoj obilježava raznovrsna turisticka ponuda koja omogucuje upražnjavanje brojnih oblika turizma u razlicitim godisnjim dobima s dominacijom zimske turisticke sezone i skijalisnog turizma masovnoga karaktera, osobito na Bjelasnici. Bjelasnica s Igmanom predstavlja popularnu turisticku destinaciju za skijanje, snowboarding, paragliding, planinarenje, a posljednjih godina se sve vise razvija i ruralni turizam u bjelasnickim selima. Cilj ovog istraživanja je analizirati karakteristike razvoja turizma i rekreacije na Bjelasnici i Igmanu. Bjelasnica i Igman posjeduju potencijal za daljnji turisticki razvoj, za koji je potrebno ostvariti suradnju razlicitih sektora koji ce pokrenuti ulaganja, kreirati strategije turistickog razvoja ali i rijesiti problem komunalne i saobracajne infrastrukture.

Prenj mountain is located in the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the area of the high karst of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Administratively, it belongs to the municipalities of Konjic, Mostar and Jablanica. Geological, geomorphological and biological diversity identify this area as a representative example in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Magnificent landscapes, exceptional relief characteristics, specific karst areas, glaciation marks, marked hiking trails, excursion sites, numerous endemic species, etc. present potential tourist attractions for the development of mountain, alpinistic and excursion tourism, as well as the stay of scientific expeditions and field research. Along with the favorable traffic-geographical position and the richness of tourist attractions, Prenj has been recently established as a tourist destination, of mainly adventurous tourism, and in 2012 this mountain was chosen as the best destination for mountain biking according to National Geographic. Bike park Prenj consist of 360 km of mapped and field- marked forest and uncategorized trails intended primarily for cycling but also for other types of recreation and sports. Via Dinarica, an adventure and hiking path that connects tourist attractions in seven countries (through which the mountain range of the Dinaric Alps stretches from Slovenia to Albania), has also contributed to the development of this tourism type. The White Trail (Bijela staza) represents the main path that stretches along the entire length of the Via Dinarica and links the mountains of Prenj and Čvrsnica in the research area. This paper presents geographical analysis of the natural segment of Prenj mountain tourism attraction base and gives a brief overview of tourism development from the aspect of adventure tourism.

Sustainable tourism in national parks and other protected areas is among the fastest growing segments of tourism. Two exceptional natural entities in the Southeastern Europe only 40 km away from each other, Una National Park (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Plitvice Lakes National Park (Croatia), have very similar natural features (almost identical flora and fauna, specific travertine–tufa formations, clean water, and preserved natural environment) that create conditions for the development of tourism in this particular region. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate tourist offer in these protected areas and determine the causes of differences among tourism development of these national parks. Biodiversity of these two territories was compared, along with calculation of absolute and relative number of species, and comparative analysis was conducted in terms of tourist offers in order to determine if elements of management and offer creation are more important than the natural resources characteristics in achieving high level of tourist satisfaction. Practical implications of the research highlight the importance of developing nature-based tourist offers in the particular region as well as the significance of consistency in terms of tourist services delivery. Advantages of cooperation between parks and creation of mutual tourist services are also considered and discussed.

Bosnia and Herzegovina was a symbol of winter tourism in the former Yugoslavia, and it still has a significant tourism potential due to its rich natural and cultural heritage, advantageous of geographical position and proximity to the emissive tourist markets. Mountain Vranica is a popular tourist destination that provides many opportunities for the development of various forms of tourism throughout the whole year. Vranica includes central parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and belongs to the area of the Central Dinarides, as a part of so called Vranica rayon. The variety and attractiveness of the geological structure, relief, hydrological phenomena, flora and fauna, as well as the attractiveness of the landscape, are the primary factors for the development of tourism in this area. However, despite the significant tourism potential, tourism is insufficiently recognized in this area. The aim of this paper is to determine the characteristics of tourism trends, the impact of tourism development on the local community, as well as differences in the perception of tourist motives of Vranica by the local community and tourists. The research is based on an analysis of the results of direct surveys conducted during 2016 at multiple locations on Vranica, on a sample of 210 tourists and residents (106 local residents and 104 tourists). The survey included respondents older than 18 years and statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS. Its results can be used for better identification of visitors’ profile, and as a starting point in conception of tourist supply of higher quality in the future, with greater integration of local communities and residents’ opinion in the process of tourism planning of this area.

Every successful company focuses business policy on the quality of service and customer satisfaction. The level of quality services provided and the level of customer satisfaction are among the main determinants of the profitability of service companies, including airports. Absence of research and valid data regarding airport service quality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Sarajevo Airport was the key motive for this paperwork. Without having this data/information airport management is not able to manage successful service quality and achieve passenger satisfaction. The intention of this study is to provide a deeper insight into needs of modern passenger through the analysis of theoretical information and through customer research of satisfaction conducted at Sarajevo International Airport. The study was performed by using structured questionnaire (66 questions). Based on the existing literature for research, the authors adapted and expanded the query, used by ACI – AETRA ASQ program. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 440 collected, which makes the response rate of 88%. By the literature analysis and conducted research the most important factors that influence the perception of passengers in terms of service quality at Sarajevo Airport were identified: „check-in“, Internet WIFI, security, foodservices, cleanness and staff hospitality. The success of the airport depends on how well the airport knows and to what extent satisfies different groups of airport users. This paperwork confirmed the importance of service quality management and customer satisfaction for the long term success of the airport. The results of conducted research at the Sarajevo Airport, also indicate that it is possible to define services which, according to the opinion of passengers, significantly influence the level of satisfaction and perceived quality of provided services and those are the following: „Check-in“, Internet WIFI, airport security, restaurant services, cleanness of passenger terminal and staff hospitality.

Identification of tourism potential represents the initial step in the organization of tourism offer of the certain administrative units or other spatial units. Modern scientific concept of tourism motives identification implies their systematization at the level of adequate thematic geodata sets that are based on two conceptual models. First methodological concept involves identifying and inventorying tourism motives according to the components of physical geographic and social geographic environment. In this case, attributes of associated thematic geodatabase minimally include name, type, degree of attractiveness, photo and forms of tourism that can be developed in the analyzed site. Second methodological concept is based on the identification of the tourism potentials according to territorial principle, which involves formation of geodatabases for all forms of tourism motives and all forms of tourism that can be formed in defined destinations. The implementation of these methods should be the basis for an exact segregation of tourism geographical regions on mezo-regional and macro-regional level.