Wahring et al. highlight gender differences in romantic relationships, attributing them to disparities in social support. We propose that cognitive mechanisms - particularly autobiographical memory - also contribute. Superior emotional memory in women may not only foster relational insight but also facilitate emotional detachment, whereas weaker emotional memory in men may hinder processing, exacerbating distress post-breakup. Integrating memory research offers a complementary lens on romantic attachment and dissolution.

Autobiographical memory serves both private reflection and social communication, yet little is known about how these retrieval modes differ in physiological demands. We investigated whether overt (spoken) versus covert (silent) autobiographical retrieval differentially modulates pupil activity— a sensitive index of cognitive processing. Forty-four participants recalled personal memories under overt and covert conditions, alongside overt and covert counting control tasks, while pupil size was continuously recorded. Results revealed significantly larger pupil diameters during overt retrieval compared with covert retrieval, despite equivalent memory specificity and emotional intensity across conditions. Overt retrieval elicited greater dilation than overt counting, and covert retrieval elicited greater dilation than covert counting, confirming that autobiographical reconstruction itself imposes cognitive effort. The increased dilation during overt compared with covert retrieval may reflect additional demands related to narrative organization, social monitoring, emotional regulation, communicative processing, and other task-related cognitive processes. These findings suggest that speaking about personal memories engages additional cognitive and socio-cognitive demands beyond silent recollection and demonstrate that pupillometry provides a useful window into the processes supporting autobiographical retrieval. Overall, our results indicate that overt and covert autobiographical retrieval are associated with different pupillary responses, with overt retrieval eliciting greater dilation than covert retrieval.

This research investigates the harmful consequences of discrimination on self-esteem and examines the coping options of individuals belonging to several stigmatized groups (i.e., unemployed older women) within the multiple jeopardy perspective. Our sample comprised 420 individuals selected by age, gender and professional status. We tested whether the positive and negative links between discrimination and psychological distress induced by discrimination, would vary according to the number of disadvantaged categories individuals belong to. An analysis of the mediating role of some coping options was also conducted. Overall, the results support most of our hypotheses and suggest that the assumed impact of perceived discrimination on psychological outcome increase with the cumulation of discriminations. We also found that, among the various coping options used by individuals in our sample, commitment, but not age-group identification, mediated the links between the cumulated discrimination and self-esteem. The discussion addresses issues related to workplace discrimination in light of the multiple jeopardy perspective.

This article has two aims: (1) to assess the impacts of a novel training intervention for individual well-being and (2) to measure the trajectory of resilience over the training period dependent on reported significant life events. Using a randomised controlled trial with a diverse German sample with the majority drawn from a student population, we measure the effects of the intervention to provide insight into its impacts and act as a proof of concept for the training. We find that the training intervention boosts resilience and other related well-being measures with a high effect size in comparison with a control group and compared with existing resilience training studies.

Destination memory, the ability to remember to whom information was previously delivered, has found to be influenced by social processing and social interactions. This memory has also been shown to be compromised in normal aging. Our paper investigated whether older adults would demonstrate better destination memory for self-related information than for general information. Methods: We asked younger adults and older adults to tell self-related information (e.g., "I like Chinese food") and semantic information (e.g., "the moon is smaller than the sun") to pictures of celebrities (e.g., Elvis Presley). Results: Analysis showed higher destination memory for self-related information than for semantic information in older adults and younger adults. Discussion: Older adults may draw on self-related information to improve memory and social interactions.

We asked 44 French and 42 Lebanese participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who lived in their own homes to rate their depression and anxiety during the late fall/early winter 2020 lockdown and compared their responses. We also asked caregivers to quantify the frequency of visits that participants received from family members during the lockdown. We found higher levels of depression and anxiety in French than in Lebanese participants as well as lower frequency of visits to French than Lebanese participants. Interestingly, we observed negative correlations between depression/anxiety levels and frequency of visits in the two populations. The higher depression and anxiety levels in French than in Lebanese participants may result from fewer opportunities for communication with family members.

While research has consistently demonstrated how autobiographical memory triggers visual exploration, prior studies did not investigate gender differences in this domain. We thus compared eye movement between women and men while performing an autobiographical retrieval task. We invited 35 women and 35 men to retrieve autobiographical memories while their gaze was monitored by an eye tracker. We further investigated gender differences in eye movement and autobiographical specificity, that is, the ability to retrieve detailed memories. The analysis demonstrated shorter fixations, larger duration and amplitude of saccades, and higher autobiographical specificity in women than in men. The significant gender differences in eye movement disappeared after controlling for autobiographical specificity. When retrieving autobiographical memory, female participants generated a large scan with short fixation and high saccade amplitude, while male participants increased their fixation duration and showed poorer gaze scan. The large saccades in women during autobiographical retrieval may constitute an exploratory gaze behavior enabling better autobiographical memory functioning, which is reflected by the larger number of autobiographical details retrieved compared to men.

We investigated destination memory, defined as the ability to remember to whom a piece of information was previously transmitted, for emotional destinations (i.e., a happy or sad person) in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). We asked patients with KS and control participants to tell facts to neutral, positive, or negative faces. On a subsequent recognition task, participants had to decide to whom they told each fact. Compared with control participants, patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of neutral, emotionally positive, and emotionally negative destinations. Patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of emotionally negative than for emotionally positive or neutral destinations, but there were no significant differences between recognition of neutral and emotionally positive destinations. Our study demonstrates a compromised ability to process negative destinations in KS. Our study highlights the relationship between memory decline and impaired emotional processing in KS.

The decline of autobiographical memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by overgenerality. While there is a large body of research on autobiographical overgenerality in AD, this research has mainly assessed retrieval with a dichotomy between specific vs. general retrieval. To go beyond this dichotomy, we assessed several degrees of autobiographical specificity in patients with AD, namely, we assessed specific vs. categoric vs. extended vs. semantic retrieval. We also assessed sex differences regarding these degrees of autobiographical specificity. We invited patients with mild AD and control participants to complete sentences (e. g., "When I think back to/of…") with autobiographical memories. Memories were categorized into specific, categoric, extended, or semantic memories. Results demonstrated more semantic than specific, categoric or extended memories in men and women with AD. In control participants, analysis demonstrated more specific than categoric, extended, and semantic memories in men and women. Also, no significant differences were observed between women and men with AD, or between control women and men, regarding specific, categoric, extended, and semantic memoires. This study offers not only a nuanced analysis of autobiographical specificity in patients with mild AD, but also an original analysis regarding this specificity by sex.

This article investigates the effect of emotion on destination memory. Participants were asked to tell neutral, positive, and negative information to neutral, positive, and negative faces. Afterward, participants were asked to remember to whom each piece of information was previously told. Results demonstrated high destination memory when the positive face was associated with negative information than with positive information. Results also demonstrated high destination memory when the negative face was associated with positive information than with negative information. These findings are attributed to the emotional incongruence between information and its destination. When positive or negative information is presented, one may expect that the listener would experience the same emotional state. Violation of this expectation seems to result in a high retention of the context in which the violation has occurred and consequently in a high destination memory.

We evaluated relationship between personality and memory for social interactions. More specifically, we investigated the relationship between extraversion and the ability to remember who told us some information (i.e., source memory) and the ability to remember to whom we told that information (i.e., destination memory). On a source memory task, participants received information from pictures of celebrities; a subsequent recognition test required them to identify the celebrities from whom they had received that information. On a destination memory task, participants were invited to tell information to celebrities; a later recognition task instructed them to identify the celebrity to whom they had previously told that information. Besides the assessment of source and destination memory, participants answered a questionnaire regarding extraversion. Results demonstrated significant positive correlation between extraversion and source memory, as well as significant positive correlation between extraversion and destination memory. In other words, the more participants described themselves as extraverts, the higher their source and destination memory. During social communications (e.g., in a conversation), extraverts may demonstrate high source and destination memory as these individuals typically value social communication, public sharing, and processing of social information.

INTRODUCTION:In this exploratory study, we investigated gender differences regarding autobiographical memory in KS.METHOD:We invited 33 patients with KS and 35 matched control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and, afterward, to rate mental time travel during retrieval, emotional value and importance of memories.RESULTS:Analysis demonstrated lower specificity (i.e., lower ability to retrieve memories situated in a specific time and space), mental time travel, and importance in patients with KS compared to control participants. Analysis also demonstrated no significant difference between patients with KS and control participants regarding emotion. Critically, analysis demonstrated no significant differences neither women and men with KS, nor between women and men in the control group, regarding autobiographical specificity, mental time travel, or importance. However, women with KS attributed higher emotional value for memories compared to men with KS, and the same results were observed in the control group.DISCUSSION:These findings demonstrate that the higher emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval, as observed in the general population, can also be observed in KS.

Research has demonstrated that destination memory (i.e., the ability to remember to whom information was previously told) can be influenced by characteristics (e.g., emotional expressions and age) of the destination. Building on this literature, we investigated whether destination memory can be influenced by the attractiveness of the destination. We invited participants to give information on attractive faces, unattractive faces, or neither-attractive-nor-unattractive faces. On a recognition test, they were invited to decide to whom each piece of information had been previously told. Results demonstrated higher destination memory (1) for attractive faces than for neither-attractive-nor-unattractive faces, and (2) for unattractive faces than for neither-attractive-nor-unattractive faces. We attribute the higher destination memory for attractive and unattractive destinations to their distinctiveness compared with neutrally attractive destinations. We also provide some attentional explanations for the high memory for attractive and unattractive destinations.

Destination memory refers to the ability to remember to whom one has sent information. The current study investigated gender differences in destination memory. Female and male participants were asked to tell proverbs to pictures depicting faces of female and male celebrities. Participants were later asked to decide to whom each proverb had been previously told. Results showed better destination memory (regardless of the destination's gender) in female participants than in male participants, a performance that was significantly correlated with verbal episodic memory. However, no own-gender bias was observed, as both female and male participants demonstrated similar memory for female and male destinations. Taken together, our findings suggest a relationship between females'superiority in destination memory and their better verbal episodic memory. The absence of an own-gender bias in destination memory is interpreted an evolutionary need to maintain social contacts with all genders.

La recherche réalisée considère la recrudescence de l’hostilité dirigée vers les musulmans et leur religion et la nécessité de disposer de mesures fiables et valides afin d’évaluer ce fait social. Ainsi, trois études, impliquant respectivement 103, 122 et 192 participants, ont été réalisées pour valider, en français, l’échelle d’islamophobie de Lee et al. (2009, 2013). Les analyses factorielles valident la structure bidimensionnelle de l’échelle. D’autres analyses révèlent que cette échelle présente une cohérence interne et une stabilité temporelle satisfaisante. Enfin, les validités prédictive, convergente et discriminante attestent de la validité de construit de cet outil. La discussion porte sur les implications d’un tel outil pour mieux appréhender la discrimination religieuse explicite afin de s’adapter à la nouvelle donne. Mots clefs : Discrimination, religion, islamophobie, échelle de mesure, validation.

This study focuses on the consequences of perceived religious discrimination on a Muslim population. Specifically, the purpose of this research was to assess the impact of perceived religious discrimination in the news media on a number of individual variables (self-esteem and perceived stress). It was also aimed at studying identification as a coping mechanism. A total of 88 Muslim participants took part in this study. The mediation analyses carried out confirm that group identification plays a mediating role in the indirect relationship between perceived religious discrimination in the news media and perceived stress. This discussion highlights the benefits of social support against the deleterious effects of discrimination.

Background The purpose of the present research was to analyse the impact of an educational message incorporating descriptive, explanatory, and directive information on the attitudes of young adults toward a peer with high-functioning autism (HFA). Method Engineering students (N=104) completed the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale at 3 time points: before the educational message, afterward, then 1 month later. The message was delivered through a video with a voice-over or live by an actor playing the role of an adult with HFA in a situation of personalised interaction. Results Participants in the personalised interaction condition displayed significantly more positive attitudes than participants in control group and voice-over conditions. Conclusions Even a brief educational message, combined with a situation of personalised interaction, can influence adults' attitudes. Generalisation of such an improvement to the outgroup (i.e., people on the spectrum) shall be discussed.

The objective of this research is to study, via a qualitative and exploratory approach, the coping strategies used by adults with autism and with no intellectual impairment. Semi-directive interviews were carried out with 31 adults diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome or high-functioning autism (HFA). The data were analysed using an open coding system. Eight coping strategies were identified: special interests, militancy, diagnosis, seeking support from atypical friends, seeking support from animals, normalisation, intellectualisation, and humour. The practical and theoretical implications of the results are discussed in relation to the existing literature on this subject. A new approach is proposed in which special interests are seen as a resource and not as a symptom.