Most USA adults with obesity do not meet public health guidelines for physical activity. Knowledge about various forms of self-efficacy as effective mediators of physical activity in adults with obesity is limited. The objective of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of newly proposed two-dimensional latent self-efficacy to regulate physical activity (SERPA) in predicting physical activity in adults with obesity. Data from the Well-Being and Physical Activity Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854) randomized controlled trial, which deployed the FFW intervention, were analyzed. There was evidence that latent SERPA based on social considerations (Factor 1) - and not the internal subjective evaluation of barriers (Factor 2) - was an effective determinant and mediator of the intervention's effect on physical activity. These findings provide empirical support for the effect of self-efficacy to regulate physical activity on physical activity and have implications for developing effective physical activity-promoting interventions for adults with obesity.

This study examined the construct validity of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised-18 (TFEQ-R18), an eating behavior instrument designed to measure Uncontrolled Eating, Emotional Eating, and Cognitive Restraint, in a sample of Black and Black multi-ethnic Caribbean female university students. Four hundred thirty-five female participants aged 18–59 consented to complete self-administered questionnaires, including TFEQ-R18, sociocultural, body image, height, and weight (BMI). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFAs/CFAs) were used to examine the TFEQ-R18 structure. EFA indicated that a 13-item version is psychometrically sound, where the three-factor solution accounted for 57.37% of the variance observed. A CFA of the retained model in the second split-half sample ( n = 218) resulted in a good fit (χ 2 / df = 2.10, CFI = .92, TLI = .91, RMSEA = .07 [95 % CI = .06, .09], SRMR = .08) and was found to be invariant across ethnic groups. Internal consistency coefficients ranged between .72 and .83 in both randomly generated subsamples, and convergent validity was supported. An abbreviated TFEQ (13-items) is a psychometrically valid measure to evaluate eating behaviors among this sample.

BACKGROUND:Over 80% of Jamaicans are not meeting World Health Organization physical activity guidelines, and over 50% are overweight or obese. Research on barriers to physical activity and their associations with physical activity engagement among Jamaican adults is limited. This study explores the measurement and categorization of barriers to physical activity in Jamaican adults to inform the design and implementation of behavioral physical activity-promoting interventions. PURPOSE:This study applied a psychometric approach to explore the perception of barriers to physical activity and their associations with leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and body mass index (BMI) in Jamaican adults. METHODS:A total of 506 Jamaican adults completed self-report measures of demographic data, height, and weight (to calculate BMI), barriers to physical activity, and LTPA in a cross-sectional survey design. Exploratory structural equation modeling was used to determine the best-fitting model for responses to the barriers to physical activity (BPA) scale. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the associations among BPA, LTPA, and BMI. RESULTS:A 15-item BPA scale with 2 categories of barriers was identified: (1) psychosocial (PS-BPA; 7 items; eg, lack of self-motivation or confidence) and (2) environmental/demographic (ED-BPA; 8 items; safety or financial/cost issues) was identified. PS-BPA but not ED-BPA meaningfully associated with LTPA. LTPA was negatively associated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS:Psychosocial barriers may at least partially explain why most Jamaican adults do not meet global physical activity guidelines. Psychosocial correlates of physical activity should be emphasized when investigating and targeting physical activity barriers in behavioral interventions among Jamaican adults.

The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of evidence for self-efficacy to regulate physical activity scale (SERPA) measurement using an exploratory latent variable approach. The objectives were to explore the dimensionality, temporal invariance, and external validity of scores produced by the SERPA, a modified version of the barriers self-efficacy scale. Data (N-baseline = 461 and N30 days post-baseline = 427) from the Well-Being and Physical Activity Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854), which deployed the Fun For Wellness intervention, were analyzed. A two-dimensional factor structure explained responses to the SERPA at baseline. There was evidence for at least partial strict temporal measurement invariance for this two-dimensional structure. There was evidence for external validity of the SERPA measurement as evidenced by group assignment (i.e. the intervention) exerting a direct effect on the proposed two-dimensional structure of latent self-efficacy to regulate physical activity in adults with obesity at 30 days post-baseline.

BackgroundThe purported benefits of online physical activity interventions, in terms of reduced costs, high reach, and easy access, may not be fully realized if participants do not engage with the programs. However, there is a lack of research on modifiable predictors (e.g., beliefs) of engagement with online physical activity interventions. The objective of this brief report was to investigate if self-efficacy to engage at baseline predicted subsequent engagement behavior in an online physical activity intervention at post-baseline.MethodsData (N = 331) from the 2018 Fun For Wellness effectiveness trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854) were analyzed in this brief report. Multiple logistic regression was fit in Mplus 8 using maximum-likelihood estimation.ResultsThere was evidence that self-efficacy to engage beliefs at baseline positively predicted subsequent engagement behavior in the Fun For Wellness intervention at 30 days post-baseline.ConclusionsSome recommendations to increase self-efficacy to engage in future online physical activity intervention studies were provided consistent with self-efficacy theory.

The Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire (IBQ) in Sport assesses athlete perceptions of coach interpersonal behaviors that support or thwart athletes' basic psychological needs. While different sources of validity evidence for responses to the IBQ have been provided for adults, only validity evidence for relations to other variables has been provided with youth. Moreover, potential problems with internal structure for youths' responses to the IBQ have recently been noted and motivated the current study. Specifically, a three-phase mixed-methods design was employed to provide validity evidence for modification of the IBQ for youth. Phase I empirically examined the internal structure for youth athletes' responses to the IBQ. Phase II used cognitive think-aloud interviews to identify and then modify problematic IBQ items to create the Youth Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire in Sport (Y-IBQ). Phase III examined the psychometric properties of the Y-IBQ to provide initial validity evidence for this instrument in a youth athlete sample.

This study examined a model of the associations among self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, and the drive for muscularity among Jamaican male weight lifters, and compared model relationships between weight lifters from rural and urban areas of residence. Using a purposive sampling approach, cross-sectional data were collected from 225 male weight lifters, ages 18-67 years (M = 28.16, SD = 9.52), from gyms in rural and urban areas of Jamaica. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS), and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS). Results from path analysis indicated that self-esteem exerted a negative direct effect on body dissatisfaction (beta = -0.32, p < .001). The direct effect of self-esteem on the drive for muscularity was negative and non-significant (beta= -0.10, p = .172), however, body dissatisfaction exerted a positive direct effect on the drive for muscularity (beta = 0.27, p = .001). Self-esteem exerted a negative indirect effect on the drive for muscularity through body dissatisfaction (beta = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.16, -0.03]). Model relationships remained similar across both rural and urban weight lifting subgroups. These results highlight self-esteem and body dissatisfaction as contributors to the drive for muscularity among Jamaican male weight lifters, with the role of self-esteem being primarily indirect by way of body dissatisfaction.

ObjectiveTo identify and assess the effectiveness and quality of interventions targeted at improving mental health, well-being, and psychosocial impairments post-concussion.Data sourcesEBSCOHost, SPORTSDiscus, PsychINFO, Medline (Web of Science), PubMed, and Embase databases.Review methodsThis systematic review is reported in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement in exercise, rehabilitation, sport medicine and sports science (PERSiST). Articles were included if they: (1) were randomized controlled trials or repeated measures pre-posttest study designs, (2) reported mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion injury, and (3) evaluated interventions targeting mental health, well-being, and psychosocial impairments post-injury.ResultsTwenty-three studies were included which evaluated interventions targeting mental health, well-being, and psychosocial impairments post-concussion. Interventions included cognitive rehabilitation (n = 7), psychotherapy (n = 7), psychoeducational (n = 3), neurocognitive training (n = 4), neurocognitive training combined with cognitive rehabilitation (n = 1), and psychotherapy combined with cognitive rehabilitation (n = 1). The seven (100%) cognitive rehabilitation intervention studies and four of the five (80%) neurocognitive training intervention studies observed significant improvements in mental health and well-being outcomes.ConclusionsCognitive rehabilitation and neurocognitive training may be the most effective interventions for mental health and well-being impairments post-concussion. Researchers and clinicians should continue to explore the effectiveness of these interventions, specifically in populations most impacted by concussion (i.e. athletes).

Introduction: Academic detailing, patient-panel management, and mailed, stool-based testing have each been utilized to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in rural clinics. The effectiveness of combining these interventions to increase CRC screening during COVID-19 restrictions was unclear. Methods: We explored the effects of a multi-component intervention including academic detailing, active patient panel management, and mailed MT-sDNA testing on colorectal cancer screening in our rural family medicine clinic. Baseline interventions included EMR-based provider alerts and mailed patient reminders. Our intervention (March-May 2020) and follow-up periods (June-August 2020) coincided with the initial COVID-19 surge, giving us the opportunity to observe the effects of our inter-vention during COVID-19 restrictions. Results: A total of 407 patients were eligible and overdue for colorectal cancer screening. Our clinic's CRC screening rate increased significantly after intervention (69.7%) as compared with before (64.3%) (P = <0.01; 95%CI = 5.39-5.4). Our clinic's CRC screening rates increased significantly during the initial 3 months of the COVID-19 surge (67.8%) compared with the same period the prior year. (62.3%) (P = .003; 95%CI = 3.4-7.6). Our CRC screening rates increased after intervention (69.7%) compared with our re-gional health system (67%) (P = <0.01; 95%CI = 2.6-2.77). Our weekly stool-based CRC screening increased (94% increase) compared with other health systems nationally (61 to 83% decrease). Discussion: A multi-component intervention, including academic detailing, panel management, and mailed MT-sDNA testing, can lead to significant increases in CRC screening in a rural family medicine clinic, empowering providers to maintain an effective CRC screening outreach during COVID-19 related restrictions. ( J Am Board Fam Med 2023;36:933-941.)

Guided by the Sport-Confidence Model, this study examined the associations among a positive body image, sport -confidence, and sport performance evaluations. Using a cross-sectional design, a purposive sample of 314 Jamaican athletes (male = 70.7%; Mage = 22.85; SD = 4.89) completed measures of body and functionality appreciation, sport-confidence, and subjective sport performance. Results from path analysis provided evidence for good model-data fit. Body (B = 9.03, p < .001) and functionality (B = 4.93, p = .036) appreciation exerted direct effects on sport-confidence. Sport-confidence exerted a direct effect on sport performance evaluations (B = 0.09, p < .001). Body (B = 0.79, CI95% [0.44, 1.17]) and functionality (B = 0.43, CI95% [0.05, 0.92]) appreciation exerted indirect effects on sport performance evaluations through sport-confidence. Results indicate that supporting the development of a positive body image in athletes may contribute to feelings of sport -confidence and positive performance outcomes.

The objective of this study was to provide initial validity evidence for responses to the newly expanded version of the I COPPE Actions scale from adults with obesity under an exploratory latent variable approach. Longitudinal data from the 2018 Fun For Wellness Effectiveness Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854) were reanalyzed in the current study. The a priori measurement theory specified a six-dimensional correlated structure of well-being actions to govern responses to the I COPPE Actions scale: Interpersonal, Occupational, Community, Physical, Psychological, and Economic. The a priori measurement model exhibited exact fit to well-being actions data at baseline within an exploratory latent variable approach. There was strong evidence for at least partial measurement invariance by time for responses to the scale. Convergent (or divergent) correlations between concordant (or discordant) pairs of well-being actions self-efficacy scores and latent well-being action factors provided strong evidence for hypothesized relationships to other theoretically relevant variables.