Brain activity spans single-neuron, population, and network levels, and core questions in neural coding require moving between them. Yet current tools target a single paradigm and incompatible data formats, leaving cross-level questions hard to address. We present DRIADA, an open-source Python framework that unifies neural signals and time-aligned behavior in a shared data model, so selectivity testing, dimensionality reduction, and network analysis operate within a unified workflow. We evaluate it on synthetic data with known ground truth, hippocampal calcium imaging from 13 mice in an open field, and a simulated toroidal attractor network. In the hippocampal data, selectivity-based filtering restored a two-dimensional spatial embedding from a collapsed all-neuron embedding, while reverse analysis showed that ∼57% of neurons informative about leading manifold dimensions were not selective to any of the 11 measured behavioral features. On the toroidal benchmark, four independent modules recovered the expected topology. DRIADA makes cross-scale analysis routine across calcium imaging, spike trains, and simulated networks.

A detailed analysis of animal behavior is a crucial step in understanding how the activity of brain structures and individual cells mediate animal behavior. Recent advances in spatial navigation research highlight the need for 3D behavioral paradigms, as traditional 2D mazes cannot fully capture naturalistic behavior in volumetric space. Here we present an extension of the Sphynx software package that enables robust animal 3D trajectory reconstruction. We have shown possibility to extract a wide range of behavioral variables from video recordings of animal behavior in three-dimensional mazes.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of severe neurological disorders and long-term dysfunction in the nervous system. Besides inducing neurodegeneration, TBI alters stem cell activity and neurogenesis within primary neurogenic niches. However, the fate of dividing cells in other brain regions remains unclear despite offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we investigated cell division and differentiation in non-neurogenic brain regions during the acute and delayed phases of TBI-induced neurodegeneration. We subjected mice to lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) to model TBI and analyzed them 1 or 7 weeks later. To assess cellular proliferation and differentiation, we administered 5-ethinyl-2 '-deoxyuridine (EdU) and determined the number and identity of dividing cells 2 h later using markers of neuronal precursors and astro-, micro-, and oligodendroglia. Our results demonstrated a significant proliferative response in several brain regions at one week post-injury that notably diminished by seven weeks, except in the optic tract. In addition to active astro- and microgliosis, we detected oligodendrogenesis in the striatum and optic tract. Furthermore, we observed trauma-induced neurogenesis in the striatum. These findings suggest that subcortical structures, particularly the striatum and optic tract, may possess a potential for self-repair through neuronal regeneration and axon remyelination.

The paper consists the problem of developing a scientific toolkit allowing to predict the thermal state of the ingot during its formation in all elements of the casting and rolling complex, between the crystallizer of the continuous casting machine and exit from the furnace. As the toolkit for the decision making task the predictive mathematical model of the ingot temperature field is proposed. Displacement between the various elements of the CRC is accounted for by changing the boundary conditions. Mass-average enthalpy is proposed as a characteristic of ingot cross-section temperature state. The next methods of solving a number of important problems with the use of medium mass enthalpy are developed: determination of the necessary heat capacity of ingots after the continuous casting machine for direct rolling without heating; determination of the rational time of alignment of the temperature field of ingots having sufficient heat capacity for rolling after casting; determination of the total amount of heat (heat capacity) required to supply the metal for heating ingots that have insufficient amount of internal heat.

Exposure to elevated doses of ionizing radiation, such as those in therapeutic procedures, catastrophic accidents, or space exploration, increases the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The full range of radiation-induced cognitive deficits is unknown, partly because commonly used tests may be insufficiently sensitive or may not be adequately tuned for assessing the fine behavioral features affected by radiation. Here, we asked whether γ-radiation might affect learning, memory, and the overall ability to adapt behavior to cope with a challenging environment (cognitive/behavioral flexibility). We developed a new behavioral assay, the context discrimination Morris water maze (cdMWM) task, which is hippocampus-dependent and requires the integration of various contextual cues and the adjustment of search strategies. We exposed male mice to 1 or 5 Gy of γ rays and, at different time points after irradiation, trained them consecutively in spatial MWM, reversal MWM, and cdMWM tasks, and assessed their learning, navigational search strategies, and memory. Mice exposed to 5 Gy performed successfully in the spatial and reversal MWM tasks; however, in the cdMWM task 6 or 8 weeks (but not 3 weeks) after irradiation, they demonstrated transient learning deficit, decreased use of efficient spatially precise search strategies during learning, and, 6 weeks after irradiation, memory deficit. We also observed impaired neurogenesis after irradiation and selective activation of 12-week-old newborn neurons by specific components of cdMWM training paradigm. Thus, our new behavioral paradigm reveals the effects of γ-radiation on cognitive flexibility and indicates an extended timeframe for the functional maturation of new hippocampal neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Exposure to radiation can affect cognitive performance and cognitive flexibility - the ability to adapt to changed circumstances and demands. The full range of consequences of irradiation on cognitive flexibility is unknown, partly because of a lack of suitable models. Here, we developed a new behavioral task requiring mice to combine various types of cues and strategies to find a correct solution. We show that animals exposed to γ-radiation, despite being able to successfully solve standard problems, show delayed learning, deficient memory, and diminished use of efficient navigation patterns in circumstances requiring adjustments of previously used search strategies. This new task could be applied in other settings for assessing the cognitive changes induced by aging, trauma, or disease.

В последние десятилетия значительно изменилась среда, в которой проживает современный человек, также претерпело изменение и здоровье людей. Это произошло в результате изменений, произошедших в социальной, производственной и гигиенической сферах. В этой связи изучение состояния здоровья людей, обусловленное влиянием окружающей среды, является важным направлением профилактической медицины. Очевидно, что болезнь не появляется внезапно. Существуют несколько этапов, прежде чем возникнет какая-либо патология, через стадии донозологии и преморбидных состояний. Период между нормой и патологией составляет риски возникновения заболеваний. Именно поэтому так важно своевременно диагностировать этап донозологического состояния организма с целью предупредить переход в стадию патологии (срыв адаптации). В данной статье представлен обзор литературы методологических аспектов донозологической диагностики. Также было проанализировано влияние различных факторов риска на формирование донозологического, преморбидного состояния и срыва адаптации на примере студентов различных вузов и ссузов. Изучение литературы по данной теме и анализ различных вредных факторов позволили ранжировать их с учетом влияния показателей окружающей среды на здоровье. Наиболее значимыми факторами риска являются неблагоприятные факторы производственной и внепроизводственной среды химического, физического генеза; неблагоприятная образовательная среда, наличие вредных привычек. recent decades, the environment in which modern man lives has changed significantly, and people’s health has also underwent certain alternations . This happened as a result of changes that had taken place in the social, industrial and hygienic spheres. In this regard, the study of the state of human health, due to the influence of the environment, is an important area of preventive medicine. Obviously, the disease does not appear suddenly. There are several stages before any pathology occurs, through the stages of donosology and premorbid conditions. The period between the norm and pathology forms some risk of disease. Therefore, it is so important to timely diagnose the stage of the prenosological state of the human body in order to prevent the transition to the stage of pathology (disruption of adaptation). This article presents a literature review of the methodological aspects of prenosological diagnostics, and also analyzes the influence of various risk factors on the formation of the prenosological, premorbid state and adaptation failure, using the example of students from various universities and colleges. The study of the literature on this topic and the analysis of various harmful factors made it possible to rank them taking into account the influence of environmental indicators on health status. The most significant risk factors are — inadequate amount of rest and sleep; irrational nutrition; smoking; alcohol abuse; the absence or presence of uncomfortable living conditions; difficulties in family relationships and with peers; low physical activity; difficulties in organizing the educational process; physical inactivity, academic stress, unfavorable ecology are factors influencing the functional state of the body.

The mathematical model of convective-conductive heat transfer in a continuous billet was developed to simulate the temperature distribution and the boundary position of phase changes in the ingot during the casting process. The model takes into account the temperature dependence of metal's thermal properties and the heat transfer with moving metal. The heat transfer in an ingot and the heat exchange inside the walls of the mold are described by nonlinear unsteady partial differential equations. The boundary conditions assigned for the part of the ingot inside the mold correspond to the nature of heat transfer under the slag during casting. Also they reflect the fact that a gap filled partially with encrusted slag and partially with gas located between the ingot surface and the wall of the mold. The unknown boundary between liquid and solid phases is considered as a mushy zone given by the condition of temperature equality and the Stefan condition. A finite-difference method was used to numerical solve the problem. The analysis of the qualitative behaviour of the mushy zone was held. The results of calculations of the influence of variations of the casting speed, secondary cooling water rate and thermal parameters on the depth and shape of the mushy zone are received. These results can be used in the future to assess the adequacy of the mathematical model of temperature field of continuous casting ingot and to develop an automatic control system of casting machine.