The scientific paper, conducted within the framework of the fundamental research project “Theoretical and Legal Principles of Ensuring the Innovative Development of Ukraine’s Agriculture in the Context of European Integration” (UkrISTEI Reg. No. 0125U003844), explores the theoretical and practical aspects of adapting Ukrainian legislation to European Union standards in the field of scientific and technical cooperation within the agro-industrial complex (AIC). The study analyzes key acts of the acquis communautaire regulating innovative activities in agriculture, specifically the mechanisms of the European Innovation Partnership (EIP-AGRI). Discrepancies between Ukraine’s current regulatory framework and modern European requirements regarding technology transfer and the legal status of scientific institutions as market entities are identified. Based on a comparative legal analysis, specific steps for legislative harmonization are proposed to facilitate investment in joint scientific-agricultural projects and enhance the competitiveness of the national agricultural sector in the international market. The necessity of transitioning from declarative norms to specific legal mechanisms of public-private partnership is substantiated. The author proposes a conceptual framework for the phased adaptation of the regulatory base, including the reform of the intellectual property protection system for breeding achievements and the introduction of tax incentives for joint scientific and production projects. The study’s conclusions can be utilized by legislative entities to improve the Laws of Ukraine “On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity” and “On the Principles of State Agricultural Policy and State Policy for Rural Development,” as well as by agricultural enterprises to develop legal strategies for cooperation with scientific centers.

The principles of implementing public interest within the realm of environmental protection in Ukraine and the EU member states have been analyzed. This analysis draws significantly from Poland’s legislative frameworks and scholarly contributions. The premise of the analysis is anchored in the recognition of the paramount importance of shaping social and environmental interests (public interests), the absence of which hampers the efficient implementation of contemporary environmental policies. Fundamental premise of this analysis underscores for a harmonious interrelation between society’s environmental and economic interests. This encompasses the integration of social and private ecological interests, which should be coupled with the assurance of appropriate protection for upholding human rights, ensuring a secure natural environment for the present and future generations. Thus, this article emphasizes on the necessity of devising an efficient mechanism for actualizing public environmental interests. This entails bestowing the relevant competence upon distinct State authorities to address matters within this domain. Importantly, this should be executed while upholding the safeguards of State sovereignty and adhering to the defined tenets of State environmental policy.

У науковій роботі, яка виконана в рамках теми фундаментального дослідження «Правові механізми нової науково-дослідницької інфра­структури» (РК УкрІНТЕІ № 012іиі13768), ві­дображаються законодавчі зміни системи прі­оритетних напрямів у сферах наукової, науко­во-технічної та інноваційної діяльності на основі проаналізованих чинних нормативно-правових актів в цій сфері (закони України «Про науко­ву та науково- технічну діяльність», «Про інно­ваційну діяльність», «Про пріоритетні напрями розвитку науки і техніки», «Про пріоритетні на­прями інноваційної діяльності» тощо). В статті вказано, що враховуючи умови воєн­ного стану та необхідність консолідації зусиль щодо підтримання належного рівня розвит­ку наукової діяльності та якісного проведення наукових досліджень, забезпечення відбудови економіки та її розвитку інноваційним шляхом, неприпустимим є наявність законодавчих неузгодженостей та прогалин у зазначених сфе­рах. В сьогоднішніх реаліях слід акцентувати увагу на необхідності та доцільності узгодження процесу формування пріоритетних напрямів на­уки і техніки та інноваційної діяльності з ключо­вими стратегічними орієнтирами ЄС у цієї сфері. Роботою визначено випадки щодо неспро­можності забезпечити відповідність існуючих тем фундаментальних досліджень зазначеному законодавчо регламентованому переліку, внас­лідок відсутності в ньому чітких пріоритетних напрямів, які б не мали подвійного тлумачення. Зокрема, підтримуючи реалізацію єдиної дер­жавної політики щодо формування пріоритетних напрямів наукової, науково-технічної та іннова­ційної діяльності, порядок якого безпосередньо повинен затверджуватися Кабінетом Міністрів України, до прийняття проєкту Закону України «Про систему пріоритетних напрямів наукової, науково-технічної та інноваційної діяльності в Україні» встановлено, що є необхідним узгоди­ти: порядок затвердження переліку пріоритет­них тематичних напрямів наукових досліджень і науково-технічних розробок; необхідність вра­хування інтеграції національного сектору нау­кових досліджень і науково-технічних (експе­риментальних) розробок у світовий та Європей­ський дослідницький простір.

The scientific work, which was carried out within the framework of the topic of fundamental research “Legal mechanisms of the new research infrastructure” (Research and Development Center of UkrINTEI № 0121U113768), reflects legislative changes in the system of priority areas in the fields of scientific, scientific and technical and innovative activities on the basis of the analyzed current regulatory legal acts in this area (laws of Ukraine “On Scientific and Scientific and Technical Activities”, “On Innovative Activities”, “On Priority Areas of Development of Science and Technology”, “On Priority Areas of Innovative Activities”). The article indicates that given the conditions of martial law and the need to consolidate efforts to maintain an appropriate level of development of scientific activity and high-quality research, to ensure economic reconstruction and its development in an innovative way, it is unacceptable to have legislative inconsistencies and gaps in these areas. In today’s realities, attention should be focused on the need and expediency of harmonizing the process of forming priority areas of science and technology and innovation with the key strategic guidelines of the EU in this area. The paper identifies cases of failure to ensure that existing topics of basic research are in line with the legislatively regulated list, due to the lack of clear priority areas that would not have a double interpretation. In particular, in support of the implementation of a unified state policy on the formation of priority areas of scientific, scientific, technical and innovation activities, the procedure for which should be directly approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, prior to the adoption of the draft Law of Ukraine “On the System of Priority Areas of Scientific, Scientific, Technical and Innovation Activities in Ukraine”, it is established that it is necessary to agree on: the procedure for approving the list of priority thematic areas of scientific research and scientific and technical development; the need to take into account the integration of the national sector of scientific research and scientific and technical (experimental) developments into the global and European research space.

Problem setting. The essential globalization changes require new approaches to the management of the educational sphere, which is an integral set of educational structures, relations, activities and consciousness that ensures the reproduction and development of the intellectual potential of society. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure an optimal ratio of newly introduced elements with traditional ones intended for the management of an educational institution. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The article mainly analyzes the provisions of Ukraine’s regulatory legal acts. Among domestic scholars, attention is drawn to the works of: V. E. Khoustova, O. I. Reshetnyak, V. A. Zinchenko, M. V. Kryvanych, I. V. Borisov. Purpose of research is to examine the legal regulation of the system of public administration of education and science at the conceptual level. Article’s main body. The draft Strategy of Innovative Development of Ukraine for 2010-2020 in the context of globalization challenges envisaged the need to reform the management of science and innovation and the need to create a new government body the Ministry of Science and Innovative Development, which would play a coordinating role in the scheme of innovation development management. The newly created ministry would have to formulate state scientific, technological and innovation programs that would be implemented in the interests of all ministries and departments, control and direct budget funds to the scientific, technological and innovation sphere, organize an examination of the effectiveness of scientific teams. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The state has experience in the establishment and functioning of an independent central executive body directly accountable to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, so the proposal for the functioning of such a specialized body is considered to be worthy of support and is quite possible to implement (using this experience with appropriate adaptation to current global challenges and improvement of certain provisions). In our opinion, the main drawback that contributed to the liquidation of the state committee was the lack of a systematic combination of the powers of the committee and the NAS of Ukraine in the field of science. 2. Specialized bodies for the development of science and innovation in Europe play a crucial role in the development of scientific research, technology and innovation, provide funding and support for scientific and technological projects, contributing to economic growth and social progress, so it is important to adopt this experience to ensure optimization of the management of science and education in Ukraine.

Problem setting. Scientists across disciplines are increasingly hearing calls for a more open and collaborative approach to scientific research. The concept of Open Innovation in Science (OIS) provides a framework that brings together disparate research efforts aimed at understanding the preconditions, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative research practices. While the OIS framework has been embraced by scholars, its conceptual foundations need further clarification. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The OIS approach has already been used by researchers of science and innovation, in particular, Bahlai C., Bartlett L. J., Burgio K. R., Beck S., Bergenholtz C., Bogers M., Bogers M., Zobel A.-K. and others, who tried to apply it to new empirical contexts and critically examine its basic assumptions. This, in turn, emphasized the need for clarification and further improvement. Purpose of the research. The purpose of the article is to analyze the relationship between the OIS and OI research frameworks more broadly, with a particular focus on defining the boundaries that knowledge flows should cross in the context of openness and collaboration in science. Article’s main body. By putting forward the concept of open innovation in science, we are not calling for greater participation of scientists in industry-specific Open Innovations (hereinafter referred to as OI), nor do we see OIS primarily as an attempt to achieve a “closer connection” between industry and science. Rather, we argue that the ideas about new ways of acquiring knowledge and creating value developed and tested in OI research can help us understand current developments in science. As diverse as the scientific system is, we suggest that widespread trends toward greater openness and collaboration have implications in different contexts and levels of analysis that OI science can potentially illuminate. Openness of the research process has at times been seen almost as an end in itself, rather than as a means to improve results. In contrast, OI has adopted a contingent view of openness as a means, under certain conditions, to achieve greater business productivity. The OIS formulation suggests that such a casual view can also be useful for science, so that openness is seen as a means to other ends that need to be determined on a case-by-case basis. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The main disadvantage of Ukrainian science is that there are many scientific results, but there is usually no or passive promotion of them into practice. As a result, new ideas are implemented in other countries by other scientists. It is necessary to be able to promote your ideas and new developments – this is a special art that should be learned. The link between open science and open innovation plays a key role in fostering relationships between businesses and academic institutions that contribute to the economic growth of developing countries. Open science can facilitate the development of new approaches and the creation of business innovations that play a fundamental role in ensuring economic growth and increasing the competitiveness of companies.

Problem setting. Since the European Commission has emphasized openness in science and innovation, it has been natural for relevant mandatory requirements to appear in EU research grant programs, including Horizon Europe, the main one. In principle, the very need to meet these requirements is a sufficient motivation for the introduction of open science in Ukraine and the development of the relevant National Plan, an important European integration tool. analysis of recent researches and publications. Domestic scholars who have studied this issue include: Drach I.I., Vasylenko A.Y., Bruy O. and others. Foreign researchers are: Lichten C.A., Hafner M., Wooding S., Cooper S.F., KhatibA., Treuille J., Barbero J. Lee, Beenen M., Leaver-Fay A., Baker D., Popović Z., Eiben C.B., Siegel J.B., Bale J.B., Cooper S., Khatib F., Shen B.W., Brownstein J.S., Freifeld C.C., Madoff L.C., and others. Purpose of the research is to analyze the essence of open science, its goals, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the demand for and prospects of large-scale implementation of open science policy. article’s main body. For the international community, the role of open science has become even more apparent during the global crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic, which has shown humanity the key role of open access to scientific information, rapid knowledge sharing, and collaboration between scientists in overcoming global challenges. Today, it is no exaggeration to say that the effective and rapid implementation of open science in Ukraine can become the basis for restarting the national scientific system, which is not fully competitive in the global dimension and suffers from the vestiges of the past. In particular, this concerns the development of a renewed national scientific culture based on academic integrity, cooperation, and a focus on the needs of society. The emergence of a national plan for open science in Ukraine is the beginning of systematic work at the state level, which is to be welcomed. Obviously, we need to act quickly, because every day the gap with the EU countries will increase and may become critical, complicating European integration processes. The bad news is that the implementation of open science always means additional efforts and/or costs (for new research infrastructure, payment for open access publications, awareness raising and training, etc.) that Ukraine may not be able to afford, especially given that a huge share of the national budget will be spent on defense in the coming years (almost 50% in 2023). It is also worth remembering the need to focus on young scientists, who will need additional support but can become effective agents of change, as open science will provide them with many tangible benefits, and the ideal time to develop the relevant skills is at the beginning of their scientific career. conclusions and prospects for the development. Given the benefits of open science, compliance by Ukrainian scientists with certain requirements will facilitate their integration into the global scientific community. Since open science is still in the early stages of its evolution, consolidated information on trends and practices will help to show where policy development can be useful and where participants in open science initiatives have already been able to create their own useful practices. However, open science can also have a negative impact on the research system, and this should also be highlighted and investigated. It is advisable to review the systems for evaluating research and professional performance in order to bring them in line with the principles of open science.

Problem setting. The construction of an innovation society and ensuring the competitiveness of domestic science depends largely on the effective activity of research infrastructures. In turn, research infrastructures depend on their information support, as information is one of the most valuable resources in the modern world. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Innovative infrastructures were investigated in the works of such domestic scientists as S. V. Hlibko, I. V. Podrez-Riapolova and others. Research infrastructure was considered by N. M. Vnukova, O. V. Holovashchenko, V. P. Kokhan. H. P. Klimova investigated the issue of knowledge transfer in innovative infrastructures. Among the foreign scientists who have studied research infrastructure, you can mention M. Stührenberg, O. Schonefeld, A. Witt, F. Giladi and others. Target of research. The purpose of the article is to identify legal and organizational obstacles that interfere with the rational use of data, as well as to determine the means of eliminating them for establishing effective information support of research infrastructures. Article’s main body. Effective activity of research infrastructures is possible solely if their information support is available. In turn, obtaining access to information and its circulation are faced with a number of legal and organizational problems. Legal problems include: 1) copyright issues that are quite inconsistent in different countries and requires special approaches; 2) issues of protection of personal data; 3) issues of behavior of Internet giants; 4) issues of international scientific cooperation under a single agreed legislation. Organizational problems include: 1) the issue of irrational use of data through their localization, stagnation and «dying» in one place; 2) issues of implementation of fair-principles of data management; 3) questions of standardization of data for the machine processing; 4) issues of construction of centralized data infrastructure. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Researchers who work with personal data of EU citizens should pay attention to the peculiarities of protection of personal data defined by General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation No. 1725/2018 and other acts. The specifics of copyright rules at the level of individual national legislation should also be taken into account. One of the significant obstacles to the free receipt of large and useful arrays of information is the behavior of Internet giants, which complicate its free circulation on the basis of “protection of personal data”. In connection with this domestic legislators, it is advisable to draw a clear boundary between «personal», «non -personal», «mixed», «anonymized» and «pseudonymized» data. For more efficient development of national research infrastructures, Ukraine should increase international cooperation, in particular on ERIC projects and integration into the European Research Area. In order to prevent irrational use of information, it is necessary to promote FAIR-principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) of data management and pay attention to the standardization of scientific data for their processing machine. It is advisable to build a centralized data infrastructure, which will be able to ensure the practical execution of these condemnations and rationalizes the accumulation and circulation of data.

Given the global prevalence of startups and their positive impact on the economy, public authorities and NGOs are interested in providing various types of support to the authors (founders) of startups, including the most risky stage of their development – the initial. Of particular importance is the issue of the effectiveness of certain support measures and the possibility of attracting foreign and international experience to Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to implement a comprehensive of the most common and effective means of supporting startup ideas in foreign countries and to provide proposals for the implementation of relevant experience in our country. In Ukraine, the issue of business incubators as a subject of the innovation process in the field of startup support is almost not regulated by special legislation, and the understanding of the business incubator is unjustifiably narrowed only to material and financial support. In Poland, with the help of the coordinating entity, comprehensive and comprehensive support for startups at the regional level with the involvement of EU funds is actively provided. In Ukraine, the leading place in support of startups belongs to the Startup Support Fund. At the same time, it is important to properly regulate the activities of both entities supporting startups and startups themselves, by attracting funding for relevant EU programs. The analyzed countries have special legislation aimed at supporting entrepreneurship, which has a positive impact on the activities of startups. Instead, some questions arise regarding the definition of the innovative component of a startup as a feature of an enterprise that can apply for state support. In particular, in the analyzed acts of Latvia and Estonia such a component is absent, and the startup is a de facto synonym for the newly created company. In our opinion, the Lithuanian legal system is the most developed on the way to creating special legal regulation and ecosystem of support for startups. In addition, the key role in ensuring effective state support for startups is played by the subjects of innovation infrastructure intermediaries formed, including as government agencies, which collect and update comprehensive information on opportunities for startups to receive various types of support (investment, education, etc.). ), as well as create conditions for direct interaction of various subjects of innovation. In this aspect, it is important for Ukraine to ensure close partnerships with such developed innovation infrastructure entities as “Enterprise Estonia”.

Problem setting. Social entrepreneurship as a phenomenon has long been known to the world community. Although its formation in Ukraine has started relatively recently, the pace of development of Ukrainian social entrepreneurship is simply impressive. Target of research is to study the main factors promoting social entrepreneurship. To achieve this goal, structural, comparative and statistical research methods were used. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Problems of development of social entrepreneurship have received considerable coverage in the works of scientists: B. Androschuk, N. Gusak, A. Kornetsky, V. Nazaruka, A. Tumanova and others. Article’s main body. A. Kornetsky and B. Androschuk identify three main stages in the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The first is called the period 1991-2010, when international donors, in particular the United States Agency for International Development, began to finance the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. In 1991, the Law of Ukraine “On the Fundamentals of Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Ukraine” was adopted. It is still in force and provides benefits for doing business for people with disabilities, in particular, determines the financing of their business initiatives from a special state fund. The second stage defines the period 2010-2016, which was characterized by the merger of partner organizations into consortia to launch educational and financial programs for social entrepreneurship. In 2010, the Consortium for the Promotion of Social Entrepreneurship in Ukraine was established. With its support, a number of trainings for trainers were conducted, three resource centers were opened (in Kyiv, Donetsk and Lviv) and the first lending program for social enterprises was launched. During this period, the publication of educational materials on social entrepreneurship began. It is believed that the third stage of development of the social enterprise began in 2016 and continues to this day. Significant assistance in the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine during this period is provided by the European Union (EU) and some EU member states. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In general, Ukraine is currently at the stage of forming an ecosystem of social entrepreneurship and networking of local centers for its development. In the period from 2016-2020, about 10 Ukrainian-language manuals on social entrepreneurship were published, 3 Ukrainian-language online courses were created. Every year, the number of educational activities aimed at promoting social entrepreneurship increases, and public awareness of the role of social enterprises is growing. However, an important aspect is that, for the most part, the implementation of activities aimed at the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine is supported by international donors, rather than government programs and initiatives. Further research should focus on the study of foreign experience in determining the main factors of social entrepreneurship, as well as a detailed analysis of these factors.

The tasks of analyzing the processes underneath the integration of national legislation of Ukraine conforming with that of the European Union are critical for strengthening the State in quest of gaining membership in the European Union with the achievement of the strategic goals. This analytical article aims: 1) to unveil the genesis of the legal reform in the field of animal protection from ill-treatment and the use of animals for scientific purposes in Ukraine, 2) to analyze and summarize the features of regulations pertaining to the protection of animals from abuse within the EU, and 3) to outline further directions in reforming the domestic legislation of Ukraine concerning animal protection against ill-treatment and use of animals for scientific purposes in the context of European integration. Ukraine is gradually intensifying the process of reforming domestic legislation concerning cruelty to animals and use of animals for scientific purposes. The Verkhovna Rada (the Supreme Council) of Ukraine adopted Draft Law № 2351 of 30.10.2019, which still requires reformation to solve the highlighted problems. Some solutions are recommended for the Government of Ukraine.

The work contains the analysis of forestry management legal problems in Ukraine and the European Union, highlighting the problematic points in the national legislation and the possibility of implementing the experience of developed countries. There are singled out the ways to improve forestry legislation, with accentuating the need in developing a nation-wide forestry program which would regulate forestry management with accounting for preservation of the forest’s ecology function and biologic potential. It is proved that a woodcutting site has attributes of a forestry relations object as a plot of the forest fund of Ukraine with established borders. Also, there arises the need in revising the Regulation on territorial offices of the central executive power body that carries out state policies in forestry and in bringing it to the correspondence with the requirements of standing legislation of Ukraine and the Regulation on State forest inspection of Ukraine, granting it plenary powers similar to those in the leading European countries, for instance “forest guard” of the Republic of Poland. Key words: Forest; Woodcutting; Timber harvesting; Forest resources; Woodcutting site; Forestry management; Forest site; Forestry.

Problem setting. One of the most important problems and obstacles to the innovative development there is an uncoordinated work of the government to identify and approve at the legislative level the main means of stimulating innovation. Target of research is to analyze some types of stimulation of innovation activities implemented in foreign countries. Disclosure of some features of the current legislation on stimulating innovation. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Problems of innovative activity are devoted to research of a number of well-known domestic and foreign scientists-lawyers and economists: Atamanova Yu.E., Balueva O.V., Berensa V., Burman G., Davydyuk O.M., Didenko N.G., Emelianova V.M., Goncharova Yu.V., Grechan A.P., Kvasnitskaya R.S., Mavroediya E., Ravski T., Remenprit K., Vashchuk N.F., Vlasova V., Voynarenko M.P., Zadikhayla D.V., Zafara A., Zaytseva L.O., Zhornokia Yu.M., however some questions of the problem still need clarification. Article’s main body. Over the past 30 years, a global consensus has emerged on the importance of innovation as the primary means of addressing economic development, health, national security and environmental issues. Many of the world’s leading countries are making unprecedented investments in promoting innovation through increased R&D funding and ongoing support from universities and innovative small and large enterprises. They implement new programs and public-private partnerships to stimulate the commercialization of new ideas in the market. There are eight effective incentives for innovation that are used by many countries, including: incentives for corporations investing in R&D; incentives to create R&D centers; technological zones; support for company modernization; support for innovative exports; government grants and preferential loans; support for innovative public procurement; patent boxes. Regarding the legislative aspect of promoting innovation in Ukraine, the following should be noted. The Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine participates in the development of sectoral and crosssectoral export strategies. The corresponding initiative is foreseen in the Export Strategy of Ukraine (“Road Map” of Strategic Trade Development) for 2017-2021, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1017-r of 27.12.2017. Our state is taking some steps to stimulate innovation. However, the means enshrined in Ukrainian law have a very narrow range of influence on real relations. Tax and other benefits introduced at the end of the last century have been abolished. State guarantees for innovation are declarative in nature. The National Innovation System of Ukraine requires comprehensive use of all possible incentives. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Venture financing, which is effectively used by a number ofdeveloped countries in the world, should become an important area of development of the ID financing system in Ukraine. The key to the development of the venture capital market is the active position of the state on its support. In Ukraine, considering that venture capital investment is at an early stage of development, it is advisable, in our view, to develop a comprehensive State program for the development of venture investment in Ukraine, which has been repeatedly emphasized by scientists and practitioners. This program should include measures both for the development of information support for innovative businesses, for improving the regulatory framework of venture capital activities, and, last but not least, for a complex of tax incentives, as well as for the state’s direct involvement in financing venture investments.

Problem setting. The introduction of the model of innovative development of the national economy requires the improvement of the system of state regulation of investment and innovation processes. It is the transformational trends in the national innovation system that necessitates a comprehensive analysis of the main factors that contribute to innovative development. At the same time, the stimulation of innovation orientation of any country’s development should be considered as part of the model of investment development of its economy, provided that this model has priority in innovative development. Target of research is to study the main factors promoting innovation. To achieve this goal, structural, comparative and statistical research methods were used. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Problems of development of the national innovation system and innovation infrastructure, ensuring the development of innovation processes have received considerable coverage in the works of scientists: S. V. Hlibko, O. V. Rozghon, A. M. Liubchych, A. V. Strizhkova and others. Article’s main body. One way to conceptually organize all the factors that determine innovation in a country is to think about the triangle of innovation success: the factors of the business environment along one side of the triangle; trade, tax and regulatory environment – the other party; and the innovation policy environment – along the third party. An effective business environment includes the institutions, activities and opportunities of the country’s business community, as well as broader societal attitudes and practices that promote innovation. An effective trade, tax, and regulatory environment has a competitive and open trade regime that includes strong government efforts to protect its businesses from foreign mercantilist practices; supporting competitive markets so that new entrants, including those implementing new business models, can thrive; processes that make it easy to open a new business and bring innovation to market; transparency and the rule of law; a reasonable tax burden on business, especially for innovation-based firms and commercial companies. The final stage of the innovation triangle is a complex and powerful system of innovation policy. Although markets and business are key to innovation, without an effective innovation policy, markets will be inefficient. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Effective innovative development of the country is possible only if there is a developed business, trade, tax, regulatory environment and an environment of innovation policy that can guarantee proper support for public investment in innovation infrastructure. At the same time, for Ukraine to be attractive to foreign investors, legislation on attracting investment must be clear, democratic and stable.

Пожежі є одними із найнебезпечніших чинників дестабілізації лісів. У зв’язку зі зростанням посушливості клімату ризик збільшення частоти й масштабів лісових пожеж залишається високим, тому актуальним є розроблення науково обґрунтованих заходів із пом’якшення екологічних, економічних та соціальних наслідків лісових пожеж. Удосконалено та уточнено показники, що характеризують візуальні прояви пошкодження дерев після низових пожеж, та показники вогнестійкості середньовікових дерев сосни звичайної (Pinus sylvestris L.). Виявлено, що в міру збільшення середньої висоти нагару на стовбурах зростає частка відпаду в досліджуваних групах дерев (r = 0,87, tф = 5,80, t0,01 = 3,17). Встановлено, що вогнестійкість дерев збільшується зі збільшенням природного ступеня товщини дерева в насадженні (виявлено обернений достовірний кореляційний зв’язок між природним ступенем товщини (ПСТ) і категорією санітарного стану пошкоджених дерев: (r = -0,54; р = 0,05). Розроблено прогностичну модель для встановлення ймовірності відпаду дерев, пошкоджених низовими стійкими літніми пожежами, яка як предиктори включає середню висоту нагару на стовбурах та ПСТ (точність прогностичної моделі становить понад 78 %).

Article is devoted considerations of digital agriculture as directly public policy. By authors it is considered terminological a variety of the studied phenomenon with which scientists of different specialties allocate an object of research. If at first among landowners arose and became settled the term "exact agriculture", then the names "E-Agriculture" and "digital farming" become even more relevant now, however in their work it is considered as synonyms. The essence and advantages of electronic agriculture, prospect revival of economic activity and efficiency of using technologies of digital agriculture and also a condition of legal regulation of digital agriculture in Ukraine are analyzed. Special relevance the idea of use of electronic agriculture in Ukraine enters in connection with plans of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the government to finish a land reform to open the market of the land. Offers on further development of state regulation of digital agriculture are formulated.

The experience of European organizations managing land cadaster system is analyzed with examples of land relations development given for different spheres: legal, technical, and economic. The peculiarities in adoption and application of the 3D land cadasters by different countries of the world is viewed. It is stated that a cadaster of the future is to be a multi-purpose one in the 3D or 4D format. The need in modernizing current land legislation to improve the procedures of collecting, preserving, restoring, and utilizing land resources in Ukraine pertaining to implementation of the principle of the State land cadaster keeping is accentuated on. Advantages of account-and-registration systems are analyzed; the legal nature of social relations arising in this sphere is clarified. Recommendations concerning establishing the 3D cadaster in Ukraine are offered. Key words: lands account, cadaster systems, land, land parcels, the 3D cadaster.

Problem setting. The article analyzes the status of the main normative legal acts in force, both domestic and international legislation. Some aspects of the legal regulation of forest fire protection are revealed. It is noted that Improvement of the forestry regulatory framework is a key and essential aspect for the development of an advanced state. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Commitment to reforestation after logging, sanitary felling after forest fires, diseases or as a result of winds and sailboats is a sustainable practice in European societies and an important aspect in the relationship between forest owners and society. At one time, this issue was paid attention to scientists: E.M. Gulid, O.V. Gulak, V.V. Deca, D.S. Chris, O.I. Lozynsky and so on. Target of research. The purpose of the article is to analyze the aspects of legal regulation of forest protection against fires. Special attention will be paid to comparative legal research on forest protection in Ukraine and European countries. Article’s main body. According to Art. 13 of the Constitution of Ukraine forest, like other natural resources of Ukraine (land, water, subsoil), is a national property that is the object of property rights of the Ukrainian people. Currently, the total land area of the forest fund of Ukraine is 10.8 million hectares, of which 9.5 million hectares is covered with forest vegetation, that is 15.7% of the territory of our country. According to V.P. Pechulyuk, legal regulation in the field of forestry in Ukraine cannot be called optimal and in line with international standards. In this context, scientists should agree that the important step in ensuring the fire safety of domestic forests is the full functioning of such monitoring system at the central, regional, local and local levels, its appropriate informational implementation, taking into account the specific features of individual regions regarding the level of fire safety. Forests at one time or another and the coordination and interaction of joint efforts by designated authorities, local governments and the public to minimize fire safety or mitigation. In view of the above, international instruments covering aspects of cooperation in the field of forest fires are few international agreements and acts of the European Community. Such as: 1. Ghana / Province of British Columbia (Canada). Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Ghana and the Government of British Columbia, 1999 (On fire fighting training and advice). 2. Finland / Burkina Faso. Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of Burkina Faso on Finland’s support in the fight against landscape fires, 1998 3. Indonesia and Malaysia. Standard Procedures for a Memorandum of Understanding on Disasters between Indonesia and Malaysia. This is the document that sets out the procedure for implementing the Memorandum of Understanding and so on. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Therefore, based on the above, on the basis of international regulations, the FAO’s recommendations regarding future actions on the legal aspects of forest fires management in Ukraine should be taken into account: regularly update information on international agreements and national legislation; further develop a plan for the development of international agreements and develop new contours of relevant operational guidelines and operational plans; including fire logistics; further review and evaluation of national forest fire legislation; to develop guidelines for the formulation of national legislation on forest fires.

At present there is observed a change in world economy and development of evolving market relations in society alongside the transition of economy to innovative mode of development. Innovation infrastructure subjects act as obligatory participants of innovative relationships. According to the Law of Ukraine “On Investment Activity”, art.5, the subjects of innovative activities are physical and (or) juridical persons of Ukraine, physical and (or) juridical persons of foreign states, persons without citizenship, associations of the mentioned persons who conduct innovative activities in Ukraine and (or) involve property and intellectual values, invest their own or borrowed finances for realizing innovative projects in Ukraine[1]. Entrepreneurship is considered a leading component in the processes of stable development of forest resources under conditions of market liberalization of utilizing natural resources and forest in the EU. Attracting investments to this sphere is to be based on recognition of all kinds of forestry operations as business activities with corresponding remuneration of these activities’ results. Besides, improvement of financial mechanism is an integral condition of ecologically balanced use of forestry, because at present it acts as an impeding factor of efficient development of forestry into the EU countries. Investment provision improvement is possible under favorable credit and financial preconditions for financing the processes of restoring forest resources potential. It is possible to improve investment attractiveness of forestry business, especially for foreign investors, on the premise of real implementation of elements of modern ecological management into business practices. Keywords: EU countries, foreign experience, entrepreneurship, forests, forestry legal relations, innovations, innovative activities, innovative infrastructure, subjects.[1] Law of Ukraine “On investment activities”. The Verkhovna Rada Bulletin, 2002, no 36, p. 266.