In the present study, we have reported the low-cost, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rumex nervosus (Rn) leaf extract. The biological synthesis of Rn-AgNPs employing plant extracts has become an optimistic substitute for the conventional chemical method of synthesis. Initially, the synthesis of Rn-AgNPs was explained by the optical study of the color change in the mixture. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, FTIR analysis, EDX, zeta potential, and DLS. TEM revealed that most of the Rn-AgNPs are spherical/oblong in shape with the average particle size falling in the range of 20-70 nm. The green synthesized Rn-AgNPs showed potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against the gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The cytotoxicity assays of as-formed AgNPs exhibited minimal toxicity to human RBCs and PBMCs. Hence, these nanoparticles are considered non-toxic for use as drugs in biomedicine.

of nanoparticles using eco-friendly methods has invited significant attention to protect the environment from hazardous by-products of the nanoparticle fabrication process [7].The biological materials such as the extract of fungi, bacteria, and algae on one hand and various types of plants, on the other, have been extensively employed in the green synthesis of a variety of nanoparticle manufacturing processes [8,9].The 'filtered plant extract' , upon its incubation with the solution of a metal-salt (cf.AgNO 3 ) at a temperature of 25°C can mediate the nanoparticle synthesis.The progress of the synthesis can be followed on the basis of the changes in the physicochemical properties such as the colour change of the reaction mixture within a few minutes to several hours.The green synthesis method has remained stupendous in the synthesis of silver, gold, and other metallic nanoparticles [10].The parameters such as character and potency of the plant extract as well as the concentration of the metal salt, pH, and temperature have a great deal of impact on the kinetics of nanoparticle synthesis.These factors also affect other physicochemical properties of the asfabricated nanoparticles [11].The plant Pulicaria genus belongs to Asteraceae family of plants and includes more than 100 species widespread around the world.Locally known as (Anssif), the plant is indigenous to Yemen and

Green synthesis approaches of metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles from plant extracts have become a focus of research attention in an era of environmentally friendly development due to the simplicity, low cost, and benefits of environmental sustainability compared to chemical and physical routes. This current review article introduces data from 85 selected articles that were synthesized of ZnO NPs and Ag NPs using the extracts of different plant parts (such as leaves, fruits, flowers, stems, bark, rhizomes, roots, and seeds), with a specific focus on their biomedical applications are 40 selected data of antibacterial properties and the mechanism of action .in addition to 40 selected data of anticancer potential and the mechanism of anticancer (in vitro) at a time or dose-independent using MTT assay and 5 studies (in vivo). Several studies have used different model cell lines to exhibit the cytotoxicity of ZnONPs and AgNPs. Different studies have proved that particle size and shape is a significant factor that indicates the antimicrobial and anticancer effectiveness of NPs. Our results showed that the synthesized ZnO NPs and Ag-NPs using plant extracts display excellent antibacterial and anticancer properties for both metal/metal oxide nanoparticles due to their biocompatibility.

Among various metal-based nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) manifest superior inhibitory effects against several microorganisms. In fact, the AgNP-based treatment has been reported to inhibit both sensitive and resistant isolates of bacteria and other disease-causing microbes with equal propensity. Keeping this fact into consideration, we executed bio-mediated synthesis of AgNPs employing extract of flower and various other parts (such as bud and leaf) of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plant. The physicochemical characterization of as-synthesized AgNPs was executed employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, etc. The as-synthesized AgNPs demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with equal propensity. The as-synthesized AgNPs successfully inhibited Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ), one of the main causative bacteria responsible for dental caries. Considering the fact that orthodontic appliances facilitate infliction of the oral cavity with a range of microbes including S. mutans , we determined the growth inhibitory and anti-adherence activities of AgNPs on orthodontic appliances. We performed microbiological assays employing AgNPs adsorbed onto the surface of nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) orthodontic wires. A topographic analysis of the decontaminated Ni-Ti orthodontic wires was performed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition to antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against oral S. mutans , the as-fabricated AgNPs demonstrated significant inhibitory and anti-biofilm properties against other biofilm-forming bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes .

Among various metal-based nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) manifest superior inhibitory effect against several microorganisms. In fact, the AgNPs based therapy has been reported to inhibit both sensitive as well resistant isolates of bacteria and other disease causing microbes with equal propensity. Keeping this fact into consideration, we executed bio-mediated synthesis of AgNPs employing Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower extract. The as-synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their potential to inhibit Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), one of the main causative bacteria for dental caries. Beside several other reasons, orthodontic appliances have also been reported to facilitate infliction of oral cavity with a range of microbes including S. mutans. To determine the growth inhibitory and anti-adherence activity of AgNPs on orthodontic appliance, we performed microbiological assays employing AgNPs adsorbed on to the orthodontic wires. Topographic analysis of orthodontic wires was executed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition to antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against oral S. mutans, the as-fabricated AgNPs demonstrated significant inhibitory and anti-biofilm properties against other biofilm forming bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes as well.

In the present study, we have synthesized silver-copper nanocomposites (Ag-Cu NCs) using an Olax scandens leaf extract (green synthesis method) and evaluated their antimicrobial potential against less susceptible pathogens. The kinetics of Ag-Cu NCs synthesis was followed by UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy. The physicochemical characterization of as-synthesized Ag-Cu NCs was executed using electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and a Differential Light Scattering method. As-synthesized Ag-Cu NCs induced the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), thereby causing alteration and decrementation of cellular proteins, DNA, lipids, etc., and eventually leading to cell death, as determined by a Live/Dead assay. Next, we assessed the anti-biofilm potential of as-synthesized Ag-Cu NCs against biofilm forming bacteria. The as-synthesized Ag-Cu NCs, when compared to monometallic silver nanoparticles, exhibited significantly higher anti-microbial activity against both sensitive as well as drug resistant microbial isolates.

In general, neurodegenerative disorders have a great deal of correlation with the misfolded as well as aggregated forms of protein-based macromolecules. Among various species formed during the aggregation process, protein oligomers have been classified as most toxic entities against several types of living cells. A series of chemicals have been developed to inhibit protein aggregation as a measure to regulate neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, various classes of nanoparticles have also been reported to inhibit protein aggregation. In the present study, we synthesized fluorescent gold nanoparticles (B-AuNPs) employing Olax scandens leaf extract. Next, an in vitro study was performed to assess the effect of as-synthesized B-AuNPs on the aggregation behavior of the ovalbumin (OVA) and other related model proteins. We performed an extensive study to elucidate anti-amyloidogenic properties of nano-sized entities and established that small-sized B-AuNPs manifest chaperone potential against protein aggregation. Further, we exploited as-synthesized B-AuNPs as a mean to prevent protein aggregation mediated toxicity in neuroblastoma cells.