A multifunctional composite, hydrous zirconium hydroxide cross-linked chitosan grafted with beta-cyclodextrin (Zr-CCS-g-beta-CD), was synthesized via a wet precipitation method and thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, XRD, BET, TGA-DTA, XPS, SEM-EDS, and TEM analyses to elucidate its physicochemical, morphological, and surface attributes. The composite exhibited excellent aqueous stability, making it viable for environmental remediation. Optimization of oxytetracycline (OTC) adsorption using central composite design (CCD) integrated with a desirability function revealed a high adsorption capacity (187.52 mg g(-1)) and removal efficiency (98.68%) under optimized conditions (adsorbent dose = 0.01 g, OTC concentration = 90 mg L-1, pH = 6.5, contact time = 45 min). Mechanistic insights were probed using classical isotherms and statistical physics modelling across 298-318 K. The Freundlich model suggested multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, while statistical physics model 2 revealed a dominant monolayer adsorption governed by dual energy site interactions (R-2 = 0.9993-0.9998). Energy distribution analysis indicated two interaction regimes: (E-a1 = 21.72-34.87 kJ mol(-1)) attributed to weak forces such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, and (E-a2 = 41.33-52.76 kJ mol(-1)) associated with stronger electrostatic and coordination forces. Notably, the statistical physics model revealed that the number of bound molecules per site (n) remained below unity at all temperatures, supporting a multi-docking interaction regime where single OTC molecules simultaneously interact with multiple active sites. This configuration facilitates horizontal alignment of OTC on the surface, stabilized via cooperative weak interactions. Fractal-like pseudo-second-order (FL-PSO) kinetics exhibited superior fitting (R-2 > 0.999), capturing the heterogeneity of the adsorption process, while Weber-Morris analysis confirmed a dual diffusion mechanism: initial film diffusion followed by intraparticle transport. Thermodynamic parameters indicated a spontaneous, endothermic process with positive entropy changes, confirming enhanced affinity and structural reorganization at the solid-liquid interface. Practical utility was validated in real water matrices, achieving high removal efficiencies: 98.20% (tap), 97.10% (river), and 96.95% (wastewater). Remarkably, OTC-loaded Zr-CCS-g-beta-CD demonstrated secondary functionality by efficiently removing As(iii) from aqueous media (>96%) and acid-digested food matrices (91.84-96.26%). The composite retained over 96% efficiency across eleven adsorption-desorption cycles, establishing its reusability and environmental sustainability.

A multifunctional Fe 3 O 4 –MgO@β-cyclodextrin (Fe 3 O 4 –MgO@β-CD) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through a crosslinking-assisted immobilization strategy for the efficient removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) from aqueous media.

This study systematically investigates the adsorption and diffusion-based kinetics of Ni(II) uptake onto N-(((2-((2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)methyl)-4-sulfamoylbenzamide-impregnated hydrous zirconium oxide (AESB/HZO) within the temperature range of 303-333 K. Fractal-like pseudo-second-order (FPSO) and fractal-like pseudo-first-order (FPFO) models were employed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism, with FPSO demonstrating superior correlation (R-2 > 0.9995), confirming a chemisorptive rate-controlling process. The Elovich model (R-2 > 0.9952) further validated surface heterogeneity in adsorption kinetics. Diffusion-based models revealed that Ni(II) ions were initially transported to the external surface via external mass transfer (Mathews-Weber and Furusawa-Smith models), followed by intraparticle diffusion as the primary rate-limiting step (Fick's law, R-2 > 0.9958). The Urano and Tachikawa model reinforced this, whereas the Boyd film diffusion model (R-2 < 0.8421) showed limited film diffusion influence. The Biot number (BN > 100) confirmed intraparticle diffusion dominance, while the Bangham pore diffusion model indicated significant pore diffusion contributions. The dual exponential model indicated that both external mass transport and internal pore diffusion contributed to the overall adsorption process. Statistical physics models provided deeper adsorption insights, with Model 2 yielding the best fit (R-2 > 0.999, chi(2) < 0.00021), suggesting multi-docking and multimolecular adsorption mechanisms. Ni(II) ions adopted horizontal and vertical orientations, with the first receptor site playing a dominant role. The total saturation capacity (95.792-117.173 mg g(-1)) closely aligned with experimental values (96.030-117.825 mg g(-1)), validating model accuracy. Adsorption energy analysis indicated stronger chemisorptive interactions at the primary site (22.310-28.451 kJ mol(-1)) and weaker physisorption at the secondary site (12.623-15.844 kJ mol(-1)). Arrhenius and Eyring analyses revealed activation energies for FPSO (29.292 kJ mol(-1)) and intraparticle diffusion (35.321 kJ mol(-1)), confirming their synergistic contribution. The adsorption process was endothermic (Delta H > 0) with reduced randomness (Delta S < 0), emphasizing structured Ni(II) uptake. This mechanistic understanding facilitates the optimization of AESB/HZO for efficient Ni(II) removal in environmental applications.

Spectroscopic analysis, molecular modeling, and machine-learning-guided binding-site prediction reveal the interaction mechanism of atropisomeric colchicine with lysozyme.

Analytical methods utilizing the donor-acceptor phenomenon for proguanil (PRGL), an antimalarial medication, that are straightforward, quick, and possess a wide linear dynamic range for drug quantification and its toxicity assessment have not been published in the literature. This study spectrophotometrically validated two economical and effective analytical methods based on the complexation of PRGL with π-acceptors, chloranilic acid (CHLA) and 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) along with its Insilco toxicity evaluation using ADMET tool. Multiple analytical variables were examined. The linear dynamic range was notably effective, spanning from 5 to 80 μg mL-1 for CHLA and from 2 to 30 μg mL-1 for TCNQ techniques. The solid charge transfer complexes produced were assessed through different analytical techniques, such as UV-DRS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TGA-DTA, and powder X-ray diffraction. This study investigated the biological evolution of charge transfer (CT) complexes through the analysis of BSA protein binding and antimicrobial activity. The interaction between the CT complex and BSA was revealed by UV - Vis spectral analysis. The antibacterial efficacy of both CT complexes demonstrates significant effects. The CT complexes may exhibit promising biological activity and could be considered for further investigation as potential bioactive candidates in future studies. The molecular docking results verified the outcomes of the experiment. The outcomes obtained are appropriate for estimating the PRGL in its pharmaceutical formulation. The developed method's greenness was evaluated according to the AGREE guidelines and found satisfactory.

A sustainable ternary composite adsorbent was developed by integrating banana peel-derived activated carbon (BPAC), chitosan, and Fe-modified MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous systems. The incorporation of Fe3+ into the LDH framework enhances binding heterogeneity and provides additional coordination-active sites, while the hybrid structure combines high surface area with abundant functional groups. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed the hierarchical structure and high surface reactivity of the composite. Process optimization using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design) achieved 99.2% Cd(II) removal under optimal conditions (pH 6.8, adsorbent dose 8 mg, initial concentration 60 mg/L), with equilibrium attained within 20 min. The composite exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 178.84 mg/g. Equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir model and a heterogeneous statistical physics model, revealing two types of adsorption sites: n(1) < 1, associated with multi-docking interactions on high-affinity functional groups, and n(2) > 1, indicating multi-ion occupancy on LDH-derived domains. Kinetic analysis followed pseudo-second-order behaviour with fractal characteristics, reflecting heterogeneous surface diffusion. The composite demonstrated good chemical stability, reusability (>85% after 18 cycles), and effective performance in real water systems. Overall, the BPAC-chitosan-LDH composite provides a cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbent, while offering multi-scale mechanistic insight into Cd(II) adsorption.

An antiepileptic drug named rufinamide (RUF) is used to treat seizures caused by Lennox Gastaut Syndrome (LGS). Fully sustainable evaluated stability-indicating simple spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric techniques combined with the first derivative for determining the quantity of rufinamide from RUF-Ninhydrin charge transfer complex by using ninhydrin as an acceptor and its oxidative degradation products, respectively. These methods have been created and thoroughly validated in accordance with ICH requirements. The discipline of pharmaceutical analysis requires diverse stability testing under various conditions. Solubility of RUF in different solvent as well as calorimetric method also performed to check the stability of RUF in different temperature conditions. The rufinamide-ninhydrin complex exhibits absorbance at 594 nm using spectrophotometer and the first derivative appeared at 640 nm. The RUF's fluorescence and the oxidative degradant (OXD) emission appeared at 406 and 426 nm, following the excitation at 373 and 368 nm respectively. By applying Δλ = 20 nm, first-order derivatization of synchronous spectra was able to resolve the overlap and determine rufinamide in the presence of its product of oxidative degradation at 398 nm. Both the developed methods verified linearity ranging from 12.5 to 200 μg mL-1 for spectrophotometer and 0.5-8 μg mL-1 for the spectrofluorimetric method. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were of 0.14 and 0.27 μg mL-1, while the limit of detection (LOD) values were 8.19 and 0.41 μg mL-1 for spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods respectively. AGREE and analytical eco-scale was two of the tools used to assess and approve the proposed method's greenness.

For the assay of methylprednisolone (MP) in pharmaceutical formulation, a fluorescence-based spectroscopic approach is developed using the protein, human serum albumin (HSA). The structural alterations in human serum albumin (HSA) following its interaction with methylprednisolone (MP) (10-32 μg mL-1) were determined by spectroscopy, which included the use of fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence. The calibration curve was modeled using the fluorescence method. The devised approach has a limit of detection of 1.16 μg mL-1 and a limit of quantification of 3.535 μg mL-1 for MP estimation that is straightforward, sensitive, accurate, and selective. The reference approach and the suggested method were contrasted to show which was more appropriate for MP quality control in its dosage forms. The recovery data obtained from 99.63% to 100.0% for intra-day and 99.60-100.1%, for inter-day precision. The developed method showed remarkable sensitivity to dosage forms and real sample (urine), suggesting possible application, when applied to dose forms with a relative standard deviation of less than 2%.

The contamination of water with antibiotics such as amoxicillin (AMX) necessitates effective and sustainable remediation strategies. This study presents a novel nanocomposite adsorbent, acrylic acid hyperbranched polymer-grafted β-cyclodextrin embedded with silver nanoparticles (AA-Hyp/β-CD-AgNPs) developed for efficient AMX removal. The nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, BET, DLS, XPS, and TGA-DTA, confirming its porous structure, high thermal stability, and successful AgNP incorporation. Adsorption optimization using Definitive Screening Design (DSD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) revealed optimal conditions (90 min contact time, 30 mg L-1 AMX, pH 6.0, 0.015 g of adsorbent dose), achieving 98.43% removal efficiency. Isotherm modeling using classical and statistical physics models indicated multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. The Freundlich model showed the best fit, while statistical physics modeling confirmed adsorption site heterogeneity and nanoscale energetic interactions. Thermodynamic analysis revealed spontaneous (ΔG° < 0), exothermic (ΔH° < 0), and entropy-driven (ΔS° > 0) adsorption. Fractal-like kinetics, using fractal pseudo-first- and second-order models, demonstrated that heterogeneous surface diffusion, involving both film and intraparticle diffusion, governed the rate-limiting step. The nanocomposite exhibited strong reusability, maintaining over 90% efficiency after five cycles. Environmental fate studies evaluated the stability of AgNPs under various pH levels, ionic strengths, and real water matrices, confirming minimal AgNP leaching. This immobilization within the polymer/β-CD framework mitigates nanoparticle release, reducing risks of secondary contamination. Real matrix tests showed >98% AMX removal from tap, municipal, and surface water. Overall, AA-Hyp/β-CD-AgNPs offers enhanced removal efficiency, structural stability, recyclability, and environmental safety compared to conventional nanoadsorbents, making it a promising candidate for sustainable antibiotic remediation in wastewater treatment systems.

Magnesium oxide/aminated beta-cyclodextrin (MgO/beta-CD-O-C2H4-NH2) was synthesized for the elimination of acetaminophen from water. The material was characterized using various analytical techniques. Box-Behnken design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize key adsorption parameters (contact time = 70 min, adsorbent dose = 15 mg, pH = 6.5, and initial acetaminophen concentration = 125 mg/L) to achieve the maximum removal efficiency (99.28 %). Equilibrium data were analyzed using classical isotherm and statistical physics models. Among the classical isotherm models, Langmuir model (R-2 = 0.9996-0.9997) fitted best to adsorption data with the maximum saturation capacity of 213.84 mg/g at 298 K. Statistical physics model (M 2: monolayer with two energies) revealed that acetaminophen adsorption occurred on two distinct receptor sites, supported by adsorption energies (E1 = 28.35-35.36 kJ/mol; E-2 = 11.97-13.03 kJ/mol), indicating physical forces primarily govern the uptake of acetaminophen. The kinetic data were best fitted to the fractal-like pseudo-first-order model (R-2 = 0.9927-0.9998), revealing energetic heterogeneity. Diffusion-based models (Weber-Morris and Boyd) confirmed the involvement of both intraparticle and film diffusion mechanisms. The material demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining high acetaminophen removal efficiency over eight adsorption-desorption cycles.

A green and sustainable redox reaction for the quantitative determination of lacosamide is developed using kinetic spectrophotometry. The method development involves the reaction between lacosamide and an aqueous solution of alkaline KMnO4, which form a product of a bluish-green colour at room temperature that was studied on a UV-visible spectrophotometer at 610 nm. Various factors influence the colour's development and its stability. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the reaction conditions as well as to achieve the desirability function (drug concentration 42 mu g mL-1, KMnO4 concentration 163 mu g mL-1at 1443.8 s) to record the maximum absorbance. The Box Behnken Design method was compared with the Taguchi method (drug concentration = 60 mu g mL-1, KMnO4 concentration = 200 mu g mL- 1 at 1050 s), and a similar absorbance was obtained along with a comparable S/N ratio with significant controlling factors. The initial rate, fixed time, fixed absorbance, order of reaction and rate constant methods were studied but the fixed time and initial rate of reaction methods were found more appropriate. The calibration plot is linear from 5 mu g mL- 1 to 60 mu g mL- 1 with a correlation coefficient value of 0.9994. Detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) were found 1.31 mu g mL- 1 and 3.9 mu g mL-1, respectively. Using AGREE and analytical eco-scale tools the developed method's greenness was evaluated according to its guidelines and found to be up to the par. The applicability of the proposed green analytical method is used to determine lacosamide in its formulations.

Our earlier research demonstrated α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and antioxidant activities of the optimised extract of Psychotria malayana leaves. It was reported having numerous compounds, although it was unclear which compounds exhibit the bioactivities as well as their binding interaction to the enzyme. This study aimed to identify the compounds possessing AGI and antioxidant activities in the extract utilising GC-MS-based metabolomics, and to analyse the ligand-enzyme binding interactions via in-silico molecular docking. A partial least square was employed to correlate the metabolite profile and bioactivities. The loading plot reveals the bioactive compounds in this extract. The AGI activity of 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic, propanoic, butanedioic and D-gluconic acid together with the antioxidant activity of some compounds were reported for the first time through this study. The docking study reveals that all compounds, except for 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, exhibit binding to the enzyme’s catalytic site. This discovery demonstrates the potential of this plant for diabetes therapy.

A sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed to determine trazodone hydrochloride in its formulation and urine sample. The principle of the developed method is based on the formation of an ion pair complex at a pH of 4.27 between the analyte drug and eosin Y, followed by its extraction into dichloromethane and subsequent fluorescence measurement. The fluorescence of the extracted trazodone-eosin Y complex was recorded at 450 nm with an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. Recording the fluorescence was utilized to construct the calibration plot, which was found to be linear in the range of 32.0–1.50 × 103 ng/mL of trazodone hydrochloride. The influences of experimental variables, namely pH, volumes of eosin Y (2.90 × 10–3 M), and buffer solution (pH 4.27), on the fluorescence intensity were examined and optimized by response surface methodology via Box−Behnken design. The limits of detection and the limit of quantitation of the reported method are 9.50 and 28.79 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated for intra-day and inter-day precision in the range of 0.46 to 0.77

Since 2019 the world has been in a combat with the highly contagious disease COVID-19 which is caused by the rapid transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Detection of this disease in an early stage helps to control its spread and management. To combat this epidemic with one-time effective medication, improved quick analytical procedures must be developed and validated. The requirement for accurate and precise analytical methods for the diagnosis of the virus and antibodies in infected patients has been a matter of concern. The global impact of this virus has motivated scientists and researchers to investigate and develop various analytical diagnostic techniques. This review includes the study of standard methods which are reliable and accredited for the analytical recognition of the said virus. For early detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, RT-PCR (Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) is an accurate method among other methods and, thus, considered as the "gold standard" technique. Here, we outline the most extensively used analytical methods for diagnosing COVID-19, along with a brief description of each technique and its analytical aspects/perspective.

Green silver nanoparticle-based spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric measurements for tioguanine (TG) determination are reported in this study as a reliable, non-toxic approach with a sensitive and effective green assembly. TG is an anti-cancer medication used to treat leukemia. Chemical-based method development for its analysis purpose may have a dangerous effect on the environment. Cleaner, more affordable methods have received a lot of attention lately. By using Box–Behnken design under a response surface approach, the factors essential for the synthesis of green silver nanoparticles were optimized. For the two approaches, experimental optimization resulted in linear dynamic ranges of 55–220 and 65–200 nM, respectively. The technique was sensitive enough to detect and quantify TG at concentrations of 6.6 and 12.4 nM, respectively. The devised method is validated by satisfactory findings for the statistical treatment of the analytical data in accordance with the ICH requirements. Green nanoparticle formation was supported by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy analysis. When the developed nanosensors were used with the formulations, the relative standard deviation achieved was less than 2

Acrylonitrile hyperbranched polymer/chitosan composite (AC-Hyp/CS) material was synthesized for the removal of diclofenac. In this method, a hyperbranched polymer was prepared by crosslinking an acrylonitrile monomer to obtain a host with a large surface area (AC/Hyp). To improve the functional sites of AC/Hyp, it was functionalized with chitosan (AC-Hyp/CS), which led to excellent removal efficiency. The physiochemical characterization of AC-Hyp/CS was carried out using FTIR, XPS, PXRD, DLS, TGA-DTA and SEM coupled with EDS. The uptake of diclofenac by AC-Hyp/CS was optimized through RSM in combination with BBD. Four factors, namely, AC-Hyp/CS dose (0.002-0.0180 g), concentration of diclofenac (10-30 mg L-1), solution pH (2-6) and contact time (20-100 min), were considered to examine influencing parameters that resulted in the excellent removal efficiency. A high value of R2 (0.9969) confirmed the excellent agreement of equilibrium data to the quadratic model. The obtained results suggested that 0.01 g AC-Hyp/CS was sufficient to eliminate 99.6% diclofenac from 20.0 mL (20.0 mg L-1) solution at pH 4. Isothermal investigation suggested that the Langmuir isotherm model was administrated well with equilibrated data as it showed appropriate R2 values (0.9814-0.9908) and low values of error functions (SSE: 0.002-11.742, chi 2: 1 x 10-5-0.048 and RMSD: 0.0447-3.426). The adsorption capacity (maximum) obtained from the Langmuir model was 200 mg g-1. The high values of R2 (0.9878-0.9982) and low values of error functions (SSE: 0.160-1.343, chi 2: 0.004-0.0534, RMSD: 0.40-1.158) of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model confirmed that the absorption was chemisorption. Diffusion-based kinetic studies revealed that both diffusion processes (film and intraparticle) participated in this sorption. Adsorption/desorption cycling test suggested that the composite exhibited excellent reusability characteristics up to 7 cycles, which confirmed that AC-Hyp/CS could be an effective sorbent for elimination of diclofenac from aqueous environments.

Ensuring herb quality is crucial for maintaining product consistency in herbal products. Marker-based analysis has traditionally been the preferred method for determining the chemical composition of medicinal plants due to its effectiveness. However, current challenges with marker-based analysis, such as high prices and difficulties in procurement, necessitate the application of multivariate-based approaches. Hence, this study aimed to compare marker-based and multivariate-based methods for quality control of an important plant used in traditional folk medicine, Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts. The results indicated that caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid are effective markers for classifying potent extracts. The aqueous extract of O. stamineus leaf was found to contain the highest concentration of caffeic acid (3.898 ± 0.098 µg/mg), while the 40

In this study, a ternary complex for levofloxacin determination in human lysozyme using the lacosamide as a binary component was employed. The ternary complex caused a decrease in fluorescence intensity of lysozyme by 31.51 % while in case of levofloxacin interaction alone with lysozyme, fluorescence intensity decreased by 54.58 %. This suggested that levofloxacin binding in a ternary complex produced less microenvironmental changes in lysozyme. The spectroscopic approach has been reported where fluores-cence, UV-visible, synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism was used to know the structural changes in lysozyme after its interaction with levofloxacin (8.85-34.80 mu gmL-1). Box-Behnken design under response surface methodology was opted to optimize the experimental variables. The results from the molecular docking after structure optimization with DFT inferred that lacosamide did not compete with levofloxacin for amino acid residues. Thus, revealing the possibility of co-administration of these drugs in clinical studies. Circular dichroism method was used to model the calibration curve that was constructed between ellipticity (millidegree) as a function of wavelength vs concentration. The linearity lies in the range of 4-32 mu gmL-1. The developed method is simple, sensitive, accurate and selective for the estimation of levofloxacin with a limit of detection of 0.42 mu gmL-1 and limit of quantification of 1.26 mu gmL-1. The recovery data ranged from 99.56 -101.23 % and 99.1-100 % for intra-and inter-day pre-cision, respectively. The developed method was applied in dosage forms having less than 2 % relative standard deviation and displayed outstanding sensitivity towards dosage forms, thus revealing its poten-tial application.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Circular dichroism (CD) methods have been developed for the analysis of luliconazole (LUC) using plant based silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs). Cleaner and natural approach have found significant attention in recent times owing to their exceptional physicochemical characteristics. Utilizing FTIR, SEM, and XRD, the produced nanoparticles were analyzed. The produced P-AgNPs were then used to assay LUC in formulation drugs. Four CD methods are developed as zero order and second order derivative methods. Methods I and II are based on a normal CD scan (zero order) that produced calibration range from 2 - 16 μgmL-1 at 232 nm (positive band) and 299 nm (negative band), respectively. Methods III and IV are the second order derivative methods that are developed at 232 nm (negative band) and at 251 nm (positive band). Density functional theory study was done to comprehend the feasibility of the developed methods and to optimize the structure and energy gap that validated the experimental procedure. The LUC assay methods using the proposed CD approach are simple, sensitive and precise with a limit of detection for methods I, II, III and IV of 0.527, 0.428, 0.250 and 0.30 μgmL-1 and limit of quantification of 1.75, 1.42, 0.833 and 1.0 μgmL-1, respectively. For intra- and inter-day precision, the recovery data ranged from 99.48 to 101% and 99.37 to 101%, respectively. The methods were used in dosage forms that produced a relative standard deviation of less than 2% and the true bias (θL and θU) within ±2%, demonstrating the potential use of the developed methods.

of nanoparticles using eco-friendly methods has invited significant attention to protect the environment from hazardous by-products of the nanoparticle fabrication process [7].The biological materials such as the extract of fungi, bacteria, and algae on one hand and various types of plants, on the other, have been extensively employed in the green synthesis of a variety of nanoparticle manufacturing processes [8,9].The 'filtered plant extract' , upon its incubation with the solution of a metal-salt (cf.AgNO 3 ) at a temperature of 25°C can mediate the nanoparticle synthesis.The progress of the synthesis can be followed on the basis of the changes in the physicochemical properties such as the colour change of the reaction mixture within a few minutes to several hours.The green synthesis method has remained stupendous in the synthesis of silver, gold, and other metallic nanoparticles [10].The parameters such as character and potency of the plant extract as well as the concentration of the metal salt, pH, and temperature have a great deal of impact on the kinetics of nanoparticle synthesis.These factors also affect other physicochemical properties of the asfabricated nanoparticles [11].The plant Pulicaria genus belongs to Asteraceae family of plants and includes more than 100 species widespread around the world.Locally known as (Anssif), the plant is indigenous to Yemen and