Objetivo Analizar la relación de la concentración sérica de resistina e irisina con las características morfológicas de la placa de ateroma evaluadas mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria. Métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal en 51 pacientes. Además de registrar sus comorbilidades se midieron los niveles séricos de irisina y resistina, mediante ELISA, y los parámetros estructurales de la placa (fibroateroma, neovasos, calcificación y macrófagos, entre otros) con OCT. Se ajustaron por edad y sexo modelos de regresión de ambos biomarcadores con las comorbilidades y las características de la placa. Resultados En el conjunto total de 51 pacientes incluidos la irisina se asoció significativamente con la presencia de fibroateroma (β=8,98 [0,20-17,77]; p=0,045) y neovasos (β=6,48 [0,47-12,49]; p=0,035). En los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) este biomarcador se asoció con mayor fuerza al fibroateroma (β=11,25 [2,83-19,66]; p=0,010) y los neovasos (β=8,83 [2,38-15,29]; p=0,009). La resistina, por su parte, fue más alta en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (β=2,41 [0,10-4,72]; p=0,041), sin mostrar relación con las características morfológicas de la placa. Conclusiones En pacientes con enfermedad coronaria la irisina se asocia con fibroateroma y neovasos, especialmente en el contexto de SCA. En estos pacientes la resistina se relaciona con la diabetes mellitus, pero no con la placa de ateroma. Ambos biomarcadores podrían representar vías fisiopatológicas diferentes en la aterosclerosis.

The Canary Islanders exhibit a unique genetic admixture, comprising European (EUR), North African (NAF), and sub-Saharan African (SSA) ancestries. We comprehensively characterized the full spectrum of small genetic variation in this population based on whole-exome sequencing data to further develop CIRdb. Our results revealed 387,555 variants, of which 15.1% were previously unreported, and we prioritized novel putative pathogenic variants exhibiting enrichment in respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Genetic differentiation patterns provided fine-grained insights into within-archipelago differentiation. We revealed an EUR genetic ancestry enrichment around the 17q21.31 inversion (a pleiotropic locus associated with pulmonary, infectious, and immunological diseases) and a candidate selective sweep shared by Canary Islanders and the NAF population around prune exopolyphosphatase 1 (PRUNE1) gene, which is associated with body mass index, cardiovascular health, and metabolic and respiratory traits. Taken together, our findings show that CIRdb presents a valuable resource of exome-wide genetic variation in a population at the edge of Southwestern European genetic diversity.

BACKGROUND:There are inequalities in mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among the regions of Spain that must be monitored in order to correct them. OBJECTIVE:To determine the evolution of AMI in terms of: patient exposure to cardiovascular risk factors, population incidence, length of stay, case fatality rate, and adjusted risk of death during hospitalization (RD). METHODS:A descriptive study of hospital admissions for AMI in Spain from 2018 to 2023, recorded in the Minimum Basic Data Set, comparing the data from this period (P2) with those previously published for the period 2007-2014 (P1). RESULTS:414,578 patients admitted for AMI in P1 and 394,817 during P2 were studied, of whom 33,569 and 33,487 died, respectively. Between the two periods, exposure to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, renal insufficiency, and cocaine use increased significantly; only smoking decreased (p < 0.05). The incidence of AMI increased in all regions (p < 0.001). Length of stay decreased by 1 day (p < 0.001), and mortality remained stable, but with heterogeneity among regions: there were significant reductions in RD in Cantabria (44%), Murcia (19%), and Aragon (18%), as well as a significant increase in risk in Madrid (19%), Basque Country (17%) and Valencian Community (11%). CONCLUSIONS:Between P1 and P2, the incidence of AMI increased in Spain, accompanied by greater patient exposure to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, renal insufficiency, and cocaine use. The length of hospital stays decreased. RD changed heterogeneously, with significant improvements in Cantabria, Aragon, and Murcia, and a worsening in Madrid, Basque Country and Valencian Community.

The CORDELIA Study (Collaborative Cohorts Reassembled Data to Study Mechanisms and Long-term Incidence of Chronic Diseases) combines 35 Spanish population cohorts to investigate the clinical, environmental, genetic, and omics determinants of cardiovascular disease in the Southern European population. It aims to conduct the largest genome-wide association study to date on cardiovascular disease in this population, improve predictions of cardiovascular incidence using genomic and clinical data, and identify subgroups that would benefit most from targeted pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. CORDELIA includes 196,632 individuals (ages 18–84, 54

Background The eruption of the Tajogaite volcano began on the island of La Palma on September 19, 2021, lasting for 85 days. This study aims to present the design and methodology of the ISVOLCAN (Health Impact on the Population of La Palma due to the Volcanic Eruption) cohort, as well as the preliminary findings from the first 1002 enrolled participants. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted with random selection of adult participants from the general population, with an estimated sample size of 2600 individuals. The results of the first 857 participants are presented, along with a group of 145 voluntary participants who served as interveners during the eruption. Data on epidemiology and volcano exposure were collected, and participants underwent physical examinations, including anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, spirometry, and venous blood extraction for toxicological assessment. Results In the general population ( n = 857), descriptive analysis revealed that the participants were mostly middle-aged individuals (50.8 ± 16.4), with a predominance of females. Before the eruption, the participants resided at a median distance of 6.7 km from the volcano in the Western region and 10.9 km in the Eastern region. Approximately 15.4% of the sample required evacuation, whose 34.8% returning to their homes on average after 3 months. A significant number of participants reported engaging in daily tasks involving cleaning of volcanic ash both indoors and outdoors. The most reported acute symptoms included ocular irritation, insomnia, mood disorders (anxiety-depression), and respiratory symptoms. Multivariate analysis results show that participants in the western region had a higher likelihood of lower respiratory tract symptoms (OR 1.99; 95% CI:1.33–2.99), depression and anxiety (OR 1.95; 95% CI:1.30–2.93), and insomnia (OR 2.03; 95% CI:1.33–3.09), compared to those in the eastern region. Conclusion The ongoing follow-up of the ISVOLCAN cohort will provide valuable insights into the short, medium, and long-term health impact related to the material emitted during the Tajogaite eruption, based on the level of exposure suffered by the affected population.

Resumen: Objetivos: Determinar los cambios de frecuentación de consultas presenciales (CP) y telemáticas (CT) a su médico de familia en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su relación con el control de su enfermedad. Diseño: Estudio multicéntrico de seguimiento retrospectivo. Emplazamiento: Siete centros de salud en Tenerife, España. Participantes: Un total de 3.543 pacientes con DM2. Mediciones: Sexo, edad, CP, CT y control de DM2 mediante hemoglobina glicosilada (A1c) durante el periodo 2019-2021. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística con el control de DM2 como efecto, y con las demás mediciones como variables independientes. Resultados: El 50% eran mujeres. El 38% tenía 65 años o menos. Se midió la A1c al 84% de los pacientes en 2019, 68% en 2020, y 77% en 2021. Presentaron buen control el 58,4% en 2019, 46,1% en 2020 y 50,3% en 2021. Las CP fueron 7 en 2019, 4 en 2020 y 5 en 2021 (p < 0,001). Las razones de ventaja (IC95%) de buen control en 2019 fueron 1,04 (1,04-1,05) por cada año más de edad y 1,03 (1,01-1,04) por cada CP más; en 2020 fueron 1,04 (1,03-1,05) por cada año más de edad, 1,05 (1,04-1,07) por cada CP más y 1,04 (1,02-1,07) por cada CT más; en 2021 fueron 1,04 (1,04-1,05) por cada año más de edad, 1,05 (1,03-1,06) por cada CP más y 1,02 (1,00-1,04) por cada CT más. Conclusiones: El control de pacientes con DM2 durante 2019-2021 tuvo una relación directa con el cambio de frecuentación al centro de salud, con diferencias según el tipo de consulta y la edad. Abstract: Objectives: To determine whether in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) the changes in their relationship with family doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person (iPC) and telematic (TC) consultations, were associated with control of their disease. Design: Multicentric study of retrospective follow-up. Setting: Seven health centers in Tenerife, Spain. Participants: 3543 patients with DM2. Main measurements: Sex, age, iPC, TC and DM2 control using glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) during the period 2019-2021. Logistic regression models were fitted with DM2 control as an effect, and with the other measurements as independent variables. Results: 50% were women. 38% were less than 65 years old. A1c was measured in 84% of patients in 2019, 68% in 2020, and 77% in 2021. 58.4% had good control in 2019, 46.1% in 2020, and 50.3% in 2021. Median iPC were 7 in 2019, 4 in 2020 and 5 in 2021 (p < 0.001). The OR(95%CI) of good control in 2019 were 1.04(1.04-1.05) per year of age and 1.03(1.01-1.04) for each iPC; In 2020 they were 1.04 (1.03-1.05) per year of age, 1.05 (1.04-1.07) for each iPC and 1.04 (1.02-1.07) for each TC; in 2021 they were 1.04 (1.04-1.05) per year of age, 1.05 (1.03-1.06) for each iPC and 1.02 (1.00-1.04) for each TC. Conclusions: The control of patients with DM2 during the period 2019-2021 had a direct relationship with the change in the frequency of consultations at the health center, with differences depending on the type of consultation and the age of the patient.

Objectives: To determine whether in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) the changes in their relationship with family doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person (iPC) and telematic (TC) consultations, were associated with control of their disease.Design: Multicentric study of retrospective follow-up.Setting: Seven health centers in Tenerife, Spain.Participants: 3543 patients with DM2.Main measurements: Sex, age, iPC, TC and DM2 control using glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) during the period 2019-2021. Logistic regression models were fitted with DM2 control as an effect, and with the other measurements as independent variables.Results: 50% were women. 38% were less than 65 years old. A1c was measured in 84% of patients in 2019, 68% in 2020, and 77% in 2021. 58.4% had good control in 2019, 46.1% in 2020, and 50.3% in 2021. Median iPC were 7 in 2019, 4 in 2020 and 5 in 2021 (p < 0.001). The OR(95%CI) of good control in 2019 were 1.04(1.04-1.05) per year of age and 1.03(1.01-1.04) for each iPC; In 2020 they were 1.04 (1.03-1.05) per year of age, 1.05 (1.04-1.07) for each iPC and 1.04 (1.02-1.07) for each TC; in 2021 they were 1.04 (1.04-1.05) per year of age, 1.05 (1.03-1.06) for each iPC and 1.02 (1.00-1.04) for each TC.Conclusions: The control of patients with DM2 during the period 2019-2021 had a direct relationship with the change in the frequency of consultations at the health center, with differences depending on the type of consultation and the age of the patient.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic meant measures had to be taken that implied the neglect of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objectives: to explore the impact of care discontinuity on patients with T2D in Primary Care (PC) centres, who did not have a specific action protocol for them, during 2020 and 2021. Design: Multicenter retrospective observational study. Participants: Patients with T2D in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Main Measurements: Sex and age, follow-up variables of atherosclerotic vascular disease detection and control programme (pEVA), compliance with the control objectives and visits to the family practitioner and community nurse were extracted from their medical records. Results: 3,543 participants took part in the study, 1,772 (50%) women, 2,204 (62%) of whom were older than 65 years of age. The vast majority of registered activities and control objectives decreased in 2020, recovering in 2021 without reaching 2019 levels. In 2020, telephone consultations increased and in-person consultations decreased, a trend that remained unchanged 2021 for telephone consultations. Women and those over 65 years of age presented higher frequentation, more activity records and achievement of control objectives in most of the parameters. Conclusions: The pandemic caused an overload in the PCs that affected the care of patients with T2D, which has not returned to pre-pandemic levels. Young men are the target for prioritization of this care. Anti-pandemic measures have led to an increase in telephone consultations, resource that should be strengthened. & COPY; 2023 Sociedad Espanola de Medicos de Atencion Primaria (SEMERGEN). Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Few studies have analized the effect of vascular risk factors and lifestyle habits affecting the middle age of postmenopausal women on later cognitive performance in old age. We have carried out an observational study to identify those factors and whether they differ from those acting in men. Postmenopausal women and males, both aged 40-60 years old at recruitment, from a community dwelling cohort were included. Data for this study were collected from the first visit at recruitment (2001 to 2005). Participants were interviewed with a questionnaire on their health-related antecedents and underwent a physical exam. The cohort was contacted again for a new presential visit between 2014 and 2015. A semantic verbal fluency test was included in this new visit protocol as a brief measure of cognition. Besides educational attainment, Mediterranean diet adherence 20th percentile (OR = 1.93; 95%CI = 1.07-3.47) and waist to hip ratio 80th percentile (OR = 1.81; 95%CI = 1.10-2,98) were the main factors associated to low semantic fluency performance in postmenopausal women, while declared diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.24; 95%CI = 1.16-4,33), HOMA 2 insulin resistance index (OR = 1.77; 95%CI =1.04-3,02), light physical activity in leisure time (OR = 0.41; 95%CI = 0.19-0,93) and recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity (OR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.23-3.56) did in men. Factors in middle age that explain semantic verbal fluency in old age are different between postmenopausal women and men. Menopause related fat redistribution may be a precondition for other vascular risk factors. The effect of Mediterranean diet on cognition deserves new specific studies centered on postmenopausal women as group.

Evaluar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional (EM) junto al tratamiento fisioterapéutico habitual en pacientes con trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) de la espalda en atención primaria (AP). Estudio cuasiexperimental en pacientes que iniciaron su tratamiento en el año 2020 en una unidad de fisioterapia tras diagnóstico médico de TME en la espalda, con seguimiento prospectivo de 2 grupos con actuación terapéutica: grupo experimental (GE) y grupo de control (GC). Se empleó la EM solo en el GE. A ambos grupos se les entrevistó telefónicamente a los 3 y 6 meses de finalizar el tratamiento fisioterápico, preguntando por el cumplimiento de pautas domiciliarias y por la percepción subjetiva del estado de salud (escala de Barthel). Se ajustaron modelos de regresión lineales (coeficiente de regresión, IC del 95%) y logísticos (OR, IC del 95%). La población de estudio fue de 154 personas (76,6% mujeres). La salud percibida fue significativamente mejor (p < 0,001) en el GE que en el GC, tanto a los 3 meses de seguimiento (7,4 versus 5,0, respectivamente) como a los 6 (7,1 versus 4,6, respectivamente). Hubo una fuerte asociación entre percepción de salud y cumplimiento (coeficiente de regresión 3,0 [IC del 95% = 2,5-3,4]). La asociación entre la EM y el cumplimiento terapéutico se mantuvo tras ajustes multivariados (OR a 6 meses = 383,6 [IC del 95% = 31,0-4.742,4]). la incorporación de la EM como complemento de los tratamientos de fisioterapia es una herramienta factible y efectiva para mejorar el cumplimiento de las pautas domiciliarias y la percepción subjetiva de salud. To evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) combined with the usual physiotherapy treatment in patients with back musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in primary care (PC). Quasi-experimental study with 2 groups with therapeutic action (control group and experimental group) and prospective follow-up, in a physiotherapy unit in PC, in patients who began their treatment in 2020, with a medical diagnosis of MSD in the back. MI was used only in the face-to-face visits of the experimental group. Both groups were interviewed by telephone about 3 and 6 months after finishing the physiotherapy treatment. For this purpose, the Barthel scale was used for the subjective perception of the state of health, and the scale of compliance with home guidelines. Linear (regression coefficient, 95% CI) and logistic (OR, 95% CI) regression models were fitted. The study population was 154 people (76.6% women). Perceived health was significantly better (P<.001) in the experimental group than in the control group, both at 3 (7.4 versus 5.0, respectively) and at 6 months of follow-up (7.1 versus 4.6, respectively). There was a strong association between perceived health and compliance (regression coefficient 3.0 [95% CI = 2.5–3.4]). The strong association between MI and treatment adherence was maintained after multivariate adjustments (6-month OR = 383.6 [95% CI 31.0–4742.4]). MI is a feasible and effective complement to physiotherapy treatments to improve compliance with home recommendations and subjective perception of health.

Background:Irisin is a myokine that increases with leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and for which a cardiovascular protective role has been postulated. Our aim was to assess this role in the general population.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a large randomly selected population sample (n=2298 women and 1529 men). Apart from age and sex, we record anthropometrics (blood pressure, heart rate, obesity), lifestyle (LTPA, smoking, alcohol), and biochemical measurements (irisin, lipid profile, insulin resistance). Correlations and regression multivariate models were used to analyze the association of irisin levels with the studied factors.Results:The variables more strongly and directly associated with irisin, adjusting the studied factors separately in women and men, were HOMA-2 (p=0.043 and p=0.001, respectively) and LTPA (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Also heart rate inversely (p=0.005 and p=0.002, respectively) and DBP directly (p<0.005 and p=0.045, respectively) were associated to irisin in both sexes. The waist/height ratio (p<0.001) was inversely associated to irisin only in women, and the alcohol drinking was directly associated (p=0.029) only in men.Conclusion:We provide new findings for irisin, such as its association with DBP and with heart rate; furthermore, in women irisin is associated to abdominal obesity, and in men is associated to the alcohol intake. We also corroborate the association of irisin with LTPA and insulin resistance. The associations detected point towards a protective role of irisin in the maintenance of cardiometabolic health.

The conquest of the Canary Islands by Europeans began at the beginning of the 15th century and culminated in 1496 with the surrender of the aborigines. The collapse of the aboriginal population during the conquest and the arrival of settlers caused a drastic change in the demographic composition of the archipelago. To shed light on this historical process, we analyzed 896 mitogenomes of current inhabitants from the seven main islands. Our findings confirm the continuity of aboriginal maternal contributions and the persistence of their genetic footprints in the current population, even at higher levels (>60% on average) than previously evidenced. Moreover, the age estimates for most autochthonous founder lineages support a first aboriginal arrival to the islands at the beginning of the first millennium. We also revealed for the first time that the main recognizable genetic influences from Europe are from Portuguese and Galicians.

To analyse mortality associated to emergency admissions on weekends, differentiating whether the patients were admitted to the Internal Medicine department or to the hospital as a whole. Retrospective follow-up study of patients discharged between 2015 and 2019 in: (a) the Internal Medicine department (n = 7656) and (b) the hospital as a whole (n = 83,146). Logistic regression models were fitted to analyse the risk of death, adjusting for age, sex, severity, Charlson index, sepsis, pneumonia, heart failure and day of admission. Cox models were also adjusted for the time from admission until normal inpatient care. There was a significant increase in mortality for patients admitted in weekends with short stays in Internal Medicine (48, 72 and 96 h: OR = 2.50, 1.89 and 1.62, respectively), and hospital-wide (OR = 2.02, 1.41 and 1.13, respectively). The highest risk in weekends occurred on Fridays (stays ≤ 48 h: OR = 3.92 [95% CI 2.06–7.48]), being no significative on Sundays. The risk increased with the time elapsed from admission until the inpatient department took over care (OR = 5.51 [95% CI 1.42–21.40] when this time reached 4 days). In Cox models patients reached HR = 2.74 (1.00–7.54) when the delay was 4 days. Whether it was Internal Medicine or hospital-wide patients, the risk of death associated with emergency admission in WE increased with the time between admission and transfer of care to the inpatient department; consequently, Friday was the day with the highest risk while Sunday lacked a weekend effect. Healthcare systems should correct this serious problem.

•La pandemia COVID-19 ha afectado la atención a los pacientes con DM2 sin lograrse recuperar los niveles de seguimiento y control prepandémicos.•Se debe intensificar la atención de estos pacientes, especialmente en hombres jóvenes.•Las medidas antipandémicas aumentaron las consultas telefónicas, un recurso que por útil que debe potenciarse.

Abstract Objectives To analyse mortality associated to emergency admissions on weekends and holidays (WE), differentiating whether the patients were admitted to the Internal Medicine department or to the hospital as a whole.Methods Retrospective follow-up study of patients discharged between 2015 and 2019 in: a) the Internal Medicine (IM) department (n = 7656) and b) the hospital as a whole (n = 83146). Logistic regression models were fitted to analyse mortality.Results There was a significant increase in mortality for patients admitted in WE with short stays in IM (48, 72 and 96 hours: OR = 2.50, 1.89 and 1.62, respectively), and hospital-wide (OR = 2.02, 1.41 and 1.13). The highest risk per WE admission occurred on Fridays (stays ≤ 48 hours: OR = 3.92 [95% CI = 2.06–7.48] in IM), with no effect on Sundays. The risk of death increased with the time elapsed from admission until the inpatient department took over care (OR = 5.51 [95% CI = 1.42–21.40] in IM when this time reached 4 days).Conclusions Whether it was MI patients or hospital-wide patients, the risk of death associated with emergency admission in WE increased with the time between admission and transfer of care to the inpatient department; consequently, Friday was the day with the highest risk while Sunday lacked a weekend effect. Healthcare systems should correct this serious problem.

Serum resistin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been described as a risk factor associated with mortality in several clinical sets including type 2 diabetes. Mortality studies in the general population are needed to find out the risk of death associated to this cytokine. In a follow-up study of a cohort of adult population (n = 6636) in Spain over a period of fifteen years (447 deaths/102,255 person-years), serum resistin measurements and death records were obtained. The risks of all-cause deaths, and deaths from cardiovascular and oncological diseases were estimated. Hazard ratios (HR) and its confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable Cox models, adjusting the effect of 11 traditional risk factors. The risk of all-cause mortality among participants exposed to the highest quintile of resistin was always higher than among those in the lowest quintile (HR varied between 1.55 when smoking was the adjusted factor [95% CI 1.17–2.05], and 1.68 when the adjusted factor was physical activity [95% CI 1.27–2.21]). The maximally adjusted model, accounting for the effect of all traditional factors, corroborated this higher risk of all-cause mortality among people in the highest resistin quintile (HR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.13–2.05). The effect of resistin was even higher for cardiovascular deaths (HR = 2.14; 95% CI 1.13–4.06), being exceeded only by suffering diabetes (HR = 3.04; 95% CI 1.98–4.69) or previous acute coronary syndrome (HR = 3.67; 95% CI 2.18–6.18). This findings corroborate the role of resistin as a risk factor for all-cause (and cardiovascular) death in the general population.

AIM:To assess the impact of the alteration of the continuity of care in patients with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHOD:Follow-up study with 587 primary care patients with DM2, and control according to the redGDPS-2018 criteria in 2018 and 2020. Activities carried out and control status of patients were compared using statistical tests appropriate to type and distribution of each variable, for a significance level P≤.05. RESULTS:Sample was made up of 587 patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) in 2018 (54% men), age of 66±11, in range of 29-91 years. All the care indicators decreased in 2020: A1c was determined in 68% of patients (382/558 after 29 deaths); 59% remained with good control, 17% with poor control, 10% improved and 14% worsened (P<.001). Those who had ECG and retinography performed in 2018 and not in 2020 show a lower degree of worsening than those who did not have them done in 2018 but they did in 2020 (16% vs 25%, P<.001 and 13% vs 42%, P=.002). Those who decrease their visits to family doctor and nurse show less deterioration than those who increase them (14% vs 26%; P<.001 and 17% vs 23%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS:Inattention impeded control of 32% of the patients. Poor control in 2020 was lower in those who were controlled in 2018, and who decreased their attendance at the health center in 2020. Possibly adequate pre-pandemic training in self-care has led to the empowerment of the patient during a pandemic period.

Obectives: Irisin is a myokine with a potential role in cardiometabolic diseases, but previous studies have described inconsistencies between serum irisin and physical activity (PA). Our aim was to analyze the relationship between serum irisin and leisure-time PA (LTPA) in a large sample of the general adult population, and secondarily, to evaluate its relationship with two PA-related biomarkers (HDL cholesterol and resistin).Design: A cross-sectional study was nested in the "CDC of the Canary Islands" cohort participants (n = 3827,18-75 years, 60% women).Methods: PA was collected by administering the Minnesota leisure-time physical activity questionnaire, and physical examination and blood tests (irisin, resistin, HDL-cholesterol) were performed.Results: Irisin inversely correlated with BMI (p < 0.001 in women) and resistin (p = 0.038 in women, p = 0.004 in men), and directly with HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001in women). There was a direct association of irisin with leisure-time and energy expenditure in light, moderate and vigorous LTPA, which was stronger in women than men. The distribution of leisure-time and PA variables across irisin quintiles showed a significant trend, except for light LPTA in men. Adjusting for age, sex and BMI, the association of irisin with leisure-time and LTPA variables was stronger than the association of these variables with resistin and HDL cholesterol, reaching the strongest association for irisin with the 80th percentile of time of LTPA (OR = 2.57; 95% CI = 2.00-3.31).Conclusions: There is a direct and independent association between serum irisin levels and LTPA in the general adult population, which is stronger than other biomarkers of PA. Findings on exercise-related irisin support the possibility of irisin health benefits.(c) 2022 The Society of Chinese Scholars on Exercise Physiology and Fitness. Published by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).