Democracy in the government system is very dependent on the General Election (Pemilu) mechanism which upholds the principles of transparency and equality, where elections are an important instrument to accommodate people's aspirations and ensure the change of power in a dignified manner. However, the dirty practice that often surrounds the democratic process is the phenomenon of Money Politics or Transactional Politics, which can be defined as a systematic effort to influence voter preferences through material compensation, whether in the form of cash, goods or promises of economic value. This practice can significantly weaken the true essence of democracy, namely popular sovereignty. The Indonesian government has anticipated this problem through comprehensive legal instruments, namely regulations related to Money Politics which are contained in a number of laws, especially Law no. 7 of 2017 concerning Elections and Law no. 10 of 2016. Specifically, Article 523 regulates forms of Money Politics violations in three critical phases: the campaign period, the quiet period, and during voting, with legal consequences that have been explicitly formulated in the regulation, aimed at preventing practices that can distort democratic process and undermine the integrity of general elections

The government has established a comprehensive labor protection system as a result of the decline in workers' income levels. The aim of this effort is to ensure that workers' fundamental rights are fulfilled and that adequate welfare is provided for workers and their families, while taking into account the evolution of the investment and business industries. To understand the impact of the minimum wage on the welfare of informal workers in Karawang Regency, this study uses a mixed-method approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. According to path analysis, there is a path coefficient of 0.31 (p 0.05), which indicates that there is an indirect influence from other variables, such as macroeconomic stability, the effectiveness of social protection programs, and the demographic characteristics of informal workers. However, the results of the study on the adaptation strategies of informal workers and the effectiveness of social protection programs in Karawang Regency show a structural gap between labor policy designs that focus on the formal sector and the real conditions of informal workers, especially those with fluctuating incomes and high mobility.

This research investigates the implementation of smart contracts in the Indonesian property sector, examining the legal opportunities and challenges involved. Blockchain technology offers high transparency, efficiency, and security in property transactions, but faces regulatory and infrastructural hurdles. The aim of this research is to explore the related legal dynamics, identify socio-economic impacts, and offer sustainable solutions. The research method employed is a qualitative legal approach to gather and analyze data. The findings indicate that although blockchain can expedite transaction processes and enhance transparency, the legal validity of smart contracts and consumer protection remain major issues. Regulatory updates and increased awareness of data security are necessary to optimize the adoption of this technology in Indonesia.Keywords: Blockchain., Property law., Regulation., Smart contracts., Transparency

Orang yang tidak memiliki pekerjaan tetap, tidak mempunyai tempat tinggal, dan hidup dalam kondisi kehidupan di bawah standar di masyarakat dianggap gelandangan, Mereka juga hidup dengan berjalan di sekitar tempat umum. Pengemis di sisi lain adalah individu yang menghasilkan uang dengan memohon bantuan kepada orang lain sambil mengemis di depan umum dengan berbagai cara. Pengemis dan gelandangan bagian dari PMKS, ini merupakan fenomena sosial yang terkait erat dengan realitas sosial. gangguan ketertiban dan ketentraman masyarakat dapat menimbulkan ketidakpuasan Masyarakat, Satuan polisi pamong praja dibentuk untuk menegakkan ketertiban dan ketentraman masyarakat, menegakkan peraturan daerah, dan pelindungan Masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian yuridis empiris, artinya menganalisis ketentuan hukum yang relevan dan keadaan nyata dengan menggunakan data lapangan, Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner, observasi, dan wawancara sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja telah mengambil tindakan untuk mengatasi masalah gelandangan dan pengemis berdasarkan temuan masalah penelitian sudah sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur serta telah menegakkan aturan yang berlaku namun dalam pelaksanaan ditemukan beberapa hambatan yaitu: Keterbatasan SDA Satpol PP Kabupaten Karawang, Keterbatasan Mobilitas, Sarana dan prasarana, Mindset gelandangan dan pengemis yang selalu menunggu belas kasihan orang lain masih cukup tinggi dan tidak bisa serta merta diubah.

Law enforcement is the process of making efforts to uphold or function legal norms in real terms as a behavioral guideline in the legal relationship of community life. Mining crimes are acts that are prohibited by regulations that are subject to sanctions for perpetrators, in order to protect mineral and coal mining activities and businesses. Mining actors who do not have a permit are regulated in Article 158 of Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Amendments to Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. This action in limestone mining causes environmental damage and also triggers various negative impacts. The results of this study discuss how law enforcement efforts carried out by the Pangkalan Police in overcoming mining that does not have a permit in Tamansari Village, Pangkalan District and discuss the impact of the cause of air pollution in Tamansari Village, Pangkalan District as a result of this limestone mining. The empirical juridical research method used to answer the problems in this study with primary data sources consisting of the surrounding community, mining workers, community leaders, and law enforcement officials such as the police. The conclusion that can be drawn is that law enforcement efforts have not been maximized in overcoming mining that does not have permits because of the many resistance from the community, so further efforts are needed so that the public is aware of the law in Indonesia.

This study focuses on Article 31, Paragraph (1) regarding the analysis of the alignment between the Karawang Regency Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2015 on the Regulation and Empowerment of Street Vendors and Law No. 13 of 2022 on the Formation of Legislation. Street vendors have complained about the high cost of stalls in the new market, which was established by the Regent of Karawang based on the new regional regulation. The research method employed is a normative juridical approach, with a research plan spanning 5 months. The scope of the study includes the relocation and empowerment of street vendors. The legal materials used are secondary legal sources. This research provides recommendations for improving the implementation process and adjusting policies to ensure that the objectives of relocating street vendors are achieved fairly and efficiently. The findings offer insights into how the formation of legislation can be enhanced to better address the needs of street vendors.

Bankruptcy results in a general confiscation of all assets of the bankrupt debtor (budel bankrulit). An important phase in the bankruptcy process is the insolvency stage. Based on the explanation of Article 57 paragraph 1 of the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU, what is meant by insolvency is the state of inability to pay, this is in line with the Central Jakarta Commercial Court Decision Number: 44 / PDT. SUS. PAILIT/20 20/PN. TRADE. JKT. PST. That PT. Pazia Retailindo was declared bankrupt. Application for bankruptcy filed by PT. Dana Kaya through its Directors, namely Sri Dewi Endang Mumpuni and Ambar Bawono on October 20, 2020, was represented by the appointed legal representative, namely PARLIN SIHOMBING, S.E., S.IP., S.H. Advocate at the Law Firm BELASSANDRO TORUAN &; PARTNERS. The problem raised in this study is the condition of Insolvency of PT. Pazia Retailindo before the bankruptcy decision , and what underlies the judge's consideration in the bankruptcy decision Number: 44 / Pdt.Sus.Pailit / 20 20 / Pn.Niaga.Jkt.Pst which refers to Law Number 37 of 2004. This research uses a Normative Juridical approach. The result of this study is that the legal considerations used by the panel of judges in deciding the bankruptcy case of PT. Pazia Retailindo complies with Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and PKPU, namely the fulfillment of all elements contained in Article 2 Paragraph 1 and Article 8 Paragraph 4 of the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU.

On the basis of Pancasila's mandate and the 1945 Constitution, numerous economic activities were carried out during the period of national economic development to achieve a just and prosperous society. Leasing is one type of business activity that can be carried out in the financial and non-financial sectors to help the economy grow. A lease is an agreement between the lessor and the lessee to rent a particular kind of capital goods that the lessee chooses. In point of fact, numerous breakthroughs are regarded as in violation of the leasing party's agreements. Where this is known as over credit (obligation move) under the hands or without the information on the important gatherings, in particular renting. The issue lies in the connection between Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees and the implementation of over credit (debt transfer) in car leasing agreements as well as the factors that prevent it. The exploration technique utilizes an observational juridical methodology, as per the creators, as the creators make sense of that the presence of these occasions requires a comprehension for the general population about the lawful component of over credit (move of obligation) in credit, particularly for vehicle vehicles. Based on these issues, scientists need to thoroughly analyze the component of over credit (obligation move) in renting (renting) related with Regulation Number 42 of 1999 concerning Trustee Assurances.

The Regional People's Legislative Council (DPRD) is a legislative institution which is an element of the constitutional structure in our country. This institution functions as a policy initiator, policy supervisor, and works together with the executive to develop joint policies for the welfare of the people. DPRD has many rights in carrying out its duties and functions, one of the many rights is the right of interpellation. The right of interpellation is the right of the DPRD to request information from the government regarding strategic policies that have an impact on social life which certainly affects the development of the nation. The right of interpellation is the right of the DPR/DPRD to ask the government for information regarding important and strategic policies that have an impact on people's lives and the dynamics of the nation. that in forming an Act the DPR cannot proceed alone without the approval of the President. Both of them, both the DPR and the President must agree, the DPR cannot agree but the President does not agree. The two must go hand in hand to agree together.

The acquisition of a company is a legal act carried out by a legal entity or an individual to take over the shares of a company by purchasing a portion or the entire wealth of the company. The problem identified in this research is why reporting of company share acquisitions to the Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition (KPPU) is only related to acquisitions that have material value and what are the legal consequences of the delay in acquiring company shares in Case Number 29/KPPU-M/2019. The purpose of this research is to understand the reasons why reporting of company share acquisitions to the KPPU is only related to acquisitions that have material value and to determine the legal consequences of the delay in acquiring company shares in Case Number 29/KPPU-M/2019. This research uses a normative juridical approach. The data collection technique used in this research is literature study using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials as data sources. In conclusion, the rules regarding non-material reporting are not explicitly stated in KPPU Regulation Number 1 of 2009 concerning Pre-Notification, Mergers, Consolidations, Acquisitions, and Takeovers. As for the alleged delay in reporting in the acquisition of the company, PT. Dharma Satya Nusantara is required to pay an administrative fine as a consequence of the delayed reporting, as stipulated in Article 29(1) of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition.

Correctional Institution is a place to carry out coaching for prisoners and Correctional Students which is carried out using the correctional system. This study aims to (1) determine the effectiveness of the role of correctional institutions in the efforts to foster convicts in terms of law no. 22 of 2022 concerning correctional (2) determines the implementation of coaching in Class IIA Bekasi Penitentiary for convicts who are sentenced to light crimes. The type of research used in this research is empirical juridical with the nature of descriptive research. This research was conducted at the Bekasi Class IIA Penitentiary. The data collection technique was carried out by using interviews and literature study techniques. The data collection method was processed qualitatively. The results of the research (1) determine the effectiveness of the role of correctional institutions in the efforts to foster convicts in terms of law no. 22 of 2022 concerning correctional facilities is not yet fully effective because in reality there are still convicts who commit repeated crimes. (2) knowing that the implementation of coaching in Class IIA Bekasi Penitentiary for convicts sentenced to light crimes has not been fully implemented properly, as evidenced by the fact that the rights of prisoners have not been fully fulfilled and some activities are not running optimally due to overcapacity of correctional institutions, not in proportion to the number training officers and convicts, as well as the lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure for coaching.

Underage marriages are marriages that do not meet the minimum age requirements stipulated in law number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage. In law number 16 of 2019 article 7 it states that marriage is only permitted if a man and a woman have reached the age of 19. Based on the research results, it can be interpreted that the marriage rate in Karawang district has fluctuated since the enactment of law number 16 of 2019. This is evidenced by the percentage of underage marriage rates in Karawang district based on marriage dispensation data at the Karawang religious court. The data obtained is as follows, in 2019 there were 59 submissions, in 2020 there were 203 submissions, in 2021 there were 122 submissions and in 2022 there were 127 submissions. In addition, there are several factors that cause underage marriages in Karawang district, including arranged marriages, parents avoiding their children from committing adultery and even because they have already sent out invitations. There are some who are pregnant out of wedlock but the number is only a few in Karawang district. Legal research was conducted using an empiris juridical approach.

Pemerintah daerah harus memenuhi kebutuhan keuangan untuk otonomi daerah, yang didasarkan pada pendapatan asli daerah yang dikumpulkan sesuai dengan peraturan. Bapenda sedang mengupayakan penerapan bisnis rumah kos, dengan menurunkan tarif pajak rumah kos menjadi 5%, sesuai dengan Perda Nomor 15 Tahun 2018 dan Perda Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang pajak daerah. Tentu saja, hal ini menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan. Pertama, bagaimana implementasi kebijakan pemungutan pajak hotel untuk rumah kos di Kabupaten Karawang? Kedua, kendala apa saja yang menghambat rumah kos di Kabupaten Karawang dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan pemungutan pajak hotel? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari satu atau beberapa fenomena hukum tertentu dengan cara menganalisis dan mengutamakan bahan hukum sekunder seperti buku-buku, artikel, makalah, kitab undang-undang hukum, dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Mekanisme pemungutan pajak rumah kos, sosialisasi, pendaftaran, pendataan, penetapan, pembayaran, dan penagihan merupakan hasil penelitiannya. Pemerintah perlu melakukan survei langsung, pemerintah belum banyak melakukan sosialisasi, dan sumber daya yang kurang. Pemilik rumah kos juga enggan didata. Jumlah pegawai tidak memadai untuk mengelola seluruh pajak rumah kos, dan penegakan hukum masih dalam tahap awal. Selain itu, kantor kelurahan mempekerjakan petugas lapangan dari dinas yang mendata rumah kos.

Pada angkutan penyeberangan menggunakan ferry, seringkali identitas penumpang tidak tercatat di tiket. Beberapa penumpang bahkan tidak memiliki tiket. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akuntabilitas PT. ASDP pada penumpang yang tidak tercatat identitasnya pada kecelakaan penyeberangan. Manfaat kajian diharapkan dapat menjawab keraguan atas isu terkait pencatatan calon penumpang angkutan laut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode normatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan adanya ketidaksesuaian antara peraturan dengan kejadian sebenarnya dalam pencatatan penumpang. Setiap penumpang harus memiliki tiket sesuai identitasnya untuk membuktikan perjanjian pengangkutan dan jaminan asuransi Jasa Raharja.

Persoalan Papua merupakan persoalan bangsa yang perlu dengan seksama diuraisecara jelas sesuai pada ketentuan dari amanat konstitusi Undang-Undang DasarRepublik Indonesia 1945. Menghindari dari suatu masalah yang ada pada wilayahPapua (baik Provinsi Papua atau Provinsi Papua Barat) merupakan sebuah sikapyang inkonstitusional. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia sangat memahami sebuahpesan konstitusi tersebut serta dalam mencapai upaya-upaya pembenahan selaludilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya Brimob Dalammenangani konflik bersenjata di wilayah Papua ditinjau dari Pasal 2 PeraturanKepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2013 Tentang TeknisPenanganan Konflik Sosial dan Bagaimana cara brigade mobil mengatasihambatan-hambatan dalam menangani konflik bersenjata di Wilayah Papua. Padapenelitian ini penulis memakai pendekatan secara yuridis empiris yakni penelitiandengan mengadakan di lapangan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalampenelitian ini adalah penelitian deksriptif dengan menggunakan metode studikepustakaan dan studi lapangan yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan logikadeduktif. Adapun kesimpulan penulis adalah Dengan melakukan suatu strategidengan melalui penerapan pendekatan secara lunak serta apabila dengan kerassecara simultan ini, tentu gerakan insurgensi bersifat separatis Papua relatif mampuditangani, meskipun belum selesai. Namun apabila didasarkan pada prinsippenanganan insurgensi dengan menekankan pada aspek melalui dukungan publik, legitimasi politis dan/atau propaganda, sehingga prinsip-prinsip tersebut mamputerpenuhi secara dengan upaya pendekatan yang lunak (deradikalisasi dankesejahteraan) serta pilihan penegakan hukum sebagai bentuk pendekatan keras Kata Kunci : Konflik, Papua, Peran Brigade Mobil The Papua problem is a national problem that needs to be thoroughly parsed inaccordance with the provisions of the constitutional mandate of the 1945 Constitutionof the Republic of Indonesia. Avoiding a problem that exists in the Papua region (eitherPapua Province or West Papua Province) is an unconstitutional attitude. TheGovernment of the Republic of Indonesia really understands a message of theconstitution and ef orts to reform are always being made. This study aims to measurethe security of Brimob in the prevention of armed conflict in the Papua region in termsof Article 2 of the Indonesian National Police Chief Regulation Number 8 of 2013concerning Technical Handling of Social Conflict and How mobile brigades overcomeobstacles in conflict conflicts in Papua Region. In this study the authors used ajuridical approach, namely conducting research in the field. The type of research usedby the writer in this research is descriptive research using literature study methods andfield studies which are analyzed using deductive logic. The writer's entry is By carryingout a strategy by applying the approach, and simultaneously, of course, the Papuanseparatist insurgency movement is relatively capable, although it is not yet finished. However, the principles of handling insurgency with an emphasis on aspects of publicsupport, political legitimacy and / or propaganda, so that these principles can befulfilled by means of a soft approach (deradicalisation and welfare) and the choice oflaw enforcement in the form of a hard approach Keywords: Conflict, Papua, Role of the Mobile Brigade

AbstrakStudi ini mengkaji tentang pendidikan life skill santri di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya semacam keunikan santri yang mondok di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan, biasanya santri yang mondok di pondok pesantren hanya memiliki kelebihan di bidang agama saja, namun santri yang mondok di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan agak sedikit berbeda dari pondok pesantren lainnya, yang mana Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan ini santri tidak hanya belajar ilmu agama namun santri juga mampu mengembangkan pendidikan keterampilan (life skil) sehingga hasil yang di kerjaakan oleh santri itu sendiri dapat digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pendidikan life skill santri di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan, untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat pendidikan life skill santri di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan, dan untuk mengetahui output dan outcome santri pendidikan life skill santri di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan.Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis pendekatan studi kasus.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data peneliti menggunakan analisis interaktif, Sedangkan untuk mengecek keabsahan data peneliti menggunakan teknik trianggulasi data. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan: Pertama, proses pendidikan life skill tersebut dibagi menjadi 4 tahapan, pertama tahap perencanaan, kedua tahap memperhatikan, ketiga tahap praktek, keempat tahap pembiasaan. Kedua, Faktor pendukung pendidikan life skill di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan adalah: (1) Peralatan pendidikan life skill yang memadai, (2) Kedisiplinan dan keikhlasan Guru alumni yang mengajar pendidikan life skill, (3) Adanya minat santri. Dan faktor penghambat pendidikan life skill di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan adalah Tempat / Lokasi Praktek yang kurang memadai. Ketiga, Bentuk Autcome dan Output santri dari pendidikan life skill di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan: (1) outcome santri sudah ada yang mandiri dan sukses dalam mengaplikasikan keterampilan yang telah dipelajari dalam pendidikan life skill, sehingga outcome santri tersebut sudah dapat membantu orangtuanya dalam biayanya sehari-hari di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan. (2) Output alumni telah berhasil membuka usaha dibidangnya seperti toko perabotan, toko jahit, toko perbaikan komputer dan lain sebagainyaKata kunci :Pendidikan Life Skill, Santri Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin

Hukum perdata dalam kehidupan masyarakat adalah sebuah perwujudan dari normayang berlaku dimasyarakat yang mengatur tata cara berkehidupan antara individudengan individu dalam bernegara. Dalam menyusun kehidupan rakyatnya Negarahadir untuk mengatur hukum dalam kehidupan masyarakat termasuk peraturanmengenai hak tanggungan yang diatur oleh Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996tentang hak tanggungan, didalamnya diatur mengenai penghapusan hak tanggunganyang menjadi kepastian hukum bagi para debitur dan kreditur. Para pihakmendapatkan kepastian dengan adanya Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996tentang Hak Tanggungan. Adapun permasalahan adalah bagaimana kepastianhukum untuk penghapusan Hak Tanggungan dan proses penghapusan haktanggungan melalui Kantor Notaris. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalahmetode normatif-kualitatif. Dan pendekatan penelitian ini yuridis normatif. Hasilpenelitian yaitu Aspek hukum yang timbul dari penghapusan Hak Tanggungan(Roya) terhadap sertipikat tanahnya adalah bahwa dengan adanya penghapusan HakTanggungan/Roya terhadap sertipikat tanahnya, maka hal ini akan diketahui olehumum dan masyarakat akan tahu bahwa tanah yang telah dibebankan tadi telahbebas dan kembali dalam keadaan yang semula. Selain itu roya tersebut dilakukandemi ketertiban administrasi dan tidak mempunyai pengaruh hukum terhadap HakTanggungan yang sudah hapus. Kemudian penghapusan Hak Tanggungan dipahamibahwasannya suatu penghapusan hak tanggungan yang bersangkutan, telahdisepakati oleh kreditur dan debitur terhadap obyek Hak Tanggungan yang akandibebani hak tanggungan mampu ditentukan berapa besarnya nilai obyek jaminankepada masing-masing Kata Kunci: Penghapusan, Hak Tanggungan, Proses Civil law in public life is an embodiment of the norms that apply in society whichregulates the way of life between individuals and individuals in the state. Inregulating the lives of the people, the State is here to regulate the laws of people'slives, including the regulations regarding mortgage rights which are regulated byLaw Number 4 of 1996 concerning mortgage rights, in which it is regulated aboutthe abolition of mortgage rights which are legal certainty for debtors and creditors. The parties get certainty with the existence of Law Number 4 of 1996 concerningMortgage Rights. The problem is how is the law for the abolition of MortgageRights and the process of eliminating rights through the Notary Of ice. Theresearch method used is a normative-qualitative method. And this researchapproach is normative juridical. The results of the study, namely the legal aspectsthat arise from the abolition of Mortgage Rights (Roya) on their land certificatesare that with the abolition of Mortgage/Roya on their land certificates, this will beknown to the public and the public will know that the land that has been assignedhas been freed and returned in return state. In addition, the roya is carried out forthe sake of administration and has no legal ef ect on the abolished Mortgage. Thenthe abolition of the mortgage is determined that the abolition of the mortgage inquestion, has been agreed upon by the creditor and debtor of the object of themortgage, it will be determined how much the value of the object of the guarantee isto each. Keywords: Elimination, Mortgage, Process

Klausul eksonerasi dalam perkembangan globalisasi menimbulkan permasalahan karena cenderung merugikan hak-hak konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengertian klausul eksonerasi dalam perjanjian baku dan kekuatan mengikat klausul eksonerasi dalam perjanjian baku dihubungkan dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan data sekunder dan studi kepustakaan serta menggunakan teknik analisis data secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian Klausul eksonerasi adalah klausul yang dicantumkan dalam perjanjian baku/standar kontrak yang proses penyusunannya dibuat secara sepihak oleh pihak kreditur. Umumnya klausul eksonerasi yang ada pada perjanjian baku hanya mengatur kewajiban-kewajiban debitur dan meminimalisir kewajiban-kewajiban kreditur. Lahirnya perjanjian baku diakibatkan karena tuntutan globalisasi ekonomi dunia yang kemudian digunakan juga oleh para pelaku bisnis di Indonesia. Klausul eksonerasi dalam perjanjian baku bertentangan dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak yang bertanggung jawab, terlebih lagi jika ditinjau dari asas-asas dalam sistem hukum nasional, di mana akhirnya kepentingan masyarakatlah yang didahulukan. Di dalam perjanjian baku kedudukan kreditur dan debitur tidak seimbang. Posisi monopoli pihak kreditur membuka peluang luas baginya untuk menyalahgunakan kedudukannya. Pengusaha hanya mengatur hak-haknya dan tidak kewajibannya. Dari segi lain, perjanjian baku hanya memuat sejumlah kewajiban yang harus dipikul debitur.

Regarding the electoral system explained that the recruitment of a candidate by a political party depends on the electoral system that develops in a country. An open list allows a candidate to get For political parties, the popularity of a candidate makes voter choices focused on his party rather than on other political parties. In Indonesia too, the latest election law requires each political party to include a minimum of 30% female candidates. This opens up greater possibilities for women to become legislators. However, on the other hand political parties are very selective towards women candidates: Only women candidates who meet certain criteria (beautiful, popular, academic) actually make up 30% of their party candidates. In scientific writing, the writer uses the method of normative juridical approach, with research specifications namely descriptive analysis. Research locations on the Buana Perjuangan University campus Karawang The results of the study discussed the 1955 Election System to the 2019 Election System and the great ideals of the intention to hold simultaneous elections in 2019 one of which was to strengthen the Presidential System. Concurrent elections can be one of the efforts to reform the Presidential system implemented in Indonesia after the reform. Keywords: Constitution; Elections; Political System.

Abstrak Hukum merupakan suatu sistem terpenting di dalam masyarakat untuk mengatur kehidupan yang berkaitan dengan sebuat tatanan yang selalu bergerak baik secara evolutif maupun revolusioner. Tatanan diatur dalam hukum itu sendiri meliputi tatanan transendetal, tatanan sosial/masyarakat dan tatanan politik. Hukum perdata yang merupakan ketentuan atau peraturan yang berkaitan dengan pribadi seseorang dengan orang lain, atau juga hukum sipil memiliki ruang lingkup yang luas dalam pengaturannya. Salah satu bidang hukum yang mengatur hubungan-hubungan antara individu-individu dalam masayrakat dengan sarana tertentu. Penggolongan dari hukum perdata yang ada saat ini antara lain meliputi: Hukum keluarga, Hukum harta kekayaan, Hukum kebendaan, Hukum perikatan, dan Hukum waris. Kajian kritis terhadap hukum perdata yang telah berlaku di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode filsafat (filosofis), maka seharusya yang dijadikan dasar pemikirannya ialah falsafah Pancasila. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa Pancasila merupakan sumber dari segala sumber hukum negara Indonesia. Hal yang demikian ini dirasa sesuai mengingat falsafah Pancasila adalah merupakan ruh perjuangan dari para pejuang bangsa, sebagai alat pemersatu, dari yang sebelumnya terkotak-kotak oleh suatu daerah/wilayah, ras, suku, golongan dan agama. Kata Kunci: Hukum Perdata, Filosofis, Pancasila Abstract The law is the most important system in society to regulate life in relation to an order that is always moving both evolutionarily and revolutionarily. Order is regulated in the law itself including transcendental order, social/community order and political order. Private law which is a provision or regulation relating to someone's personal with others, or also civil law has a broad scope in its regulation. One area of ​​law that regulates the relationships between individuals in society with certain means. The current classification of private law includes: Family law, Property law, Material law, Engagement law, and inheritance law. Critical study of private law that has prevailed in Indonesia using philoshopy (philosophical) methods, then the basis for thinking should be the philosophy of Pancasila. As is known that Pancasila is the source of all sources of Indonesian state law. This is considered appropriate given the philosophy of Pancasila is the spirit of the struggle of the nation's fighters, as a unifying tool, from previously divided by a region / region, race, ethnicity, class and religion. Keyword: Private Law, Philosophical, Pancasila.