The species spectrum of the oral microbiome is considered to be the key factor in the development and progression of periodontal inflammatory disorders. The “red complex” including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola has the highest pathogenic potential. These bacteria have several biochemical mechanisms that allow them to colonize and destroy periodontal tissues. Proteolytic enzymes play a crucial role in this process. Early diagnosis of pathological conditions induced by microbial contamination allows for the timely treatment of periodontitis. Otherwise, the development of the disease may lead to tooth loss. A total of 48 patients aged 18 to 65 years old who required professional oral hygiene were recruited for this clinical study. Microbial content analysis of dental plaque from the interdental space and the back of the tongue was performed using real-time PCR. To determine the proteolytic activity of oral bacteria, the new express diagnostic method was applied (diagnostic sensitivity, 0.875; specificity, 0.928). The results demonstrate a strong and significant correlation between the new method and the PCR analysis (r = 0.785, p < 0.001). These results show that the new express method can be valuable as an early diagnostic method for periodontal inflammatory disorders caused by the “red complex” bacteria.

The increased complexity due to the emergence and rapid spread of new viral infections prompts researchers to search for potential antiviral and protective agents for mucous membranes among various natural objects, for example, plant raw materials, their individual components, as well as the products of their chemical modification. Due to their structure, resin acids are valuable raw materials of natural origin to synthesize various bioactive substances. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to confirm the possibility of using resin acid derivatives for the drug design. As a result, we studied the cytotoxicity and biological activity of resin acid derivatives. It was shown that a slight decrease in the viral load in the supernatants was observed upon stimulation of cells (II) compared with the control. When using PASS-online modeling (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances), the prediction of the biological activity spectrum showed that compound (I) is capable of exhibiting antiviral activity against the influenza virus. The use of the SWISS-ADME webserver to reveal the drug-like properties of compounds did not directly indicate the presence of antiviral activity. These results indicate the potential of resin acid derivatives as a starting point for extensive research in the study of biological activity.

Microalgae are distinguished from land plants by the high content of plastid pigments and the biodiversity of carotenoids. The aim of this study is to develop a technology for extracting a pigment complex from the biomass of the microalgae of the genus Chlorella and to determine the extracted pigments’ composition. To obtain biomass, a crude cell suspension of microalgae was used, which was obtained under laboratory conditions for pre-culture cultivation of C. sorokiniana (strain 211-8k). The extraction of plastid pigments from air-dry biomass after disintegration of cell membrane was performed in the 40 kHz mode. It was found that the highest pigment content in ethanol extracts was observed after 30 min (870.0 ± 27.1 mg L) at 45−50 °C. The pigments’ composition in the resulting total extracts was determined by spectrophotometry and the Reverse Phase HPLC method. The established content of chlorophyll a in the obtained extracts was 537.5 ± 10.0 mg L, the content of chlorophyll b was 182.5 ± 27.5 mg L; the maximum output of the amount of carotenoids in extracts was 150.0 ± 10.0 mg L. Thus, the main identified forms of carotenoids in extracts from the biomass of microalgae C. sorokiniana were xanthophylls: lutein and fucoxanthin (18.6 and 4.7% of the amount of pigment in extract, respectively) and β-carotene (1.8% of the amount of pigment). It is planned to further fractionate the obtained total extracts of the pigment complex to obtain various forms of chlorophylls and carotenoids to study the spectrum of physiological activity of plastid pigments.

In this paper, we consider the process of producing biogas with a high methane content when used as a co-substrate for fermentation of plant residues of microalgae. Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana are a valuable source for obtaining valuable components such as lipids, pigments, proteins, chlorophyll and others. After the extraction of valuable components, residual biomass is formed, which requires further disposal. In this experiment, the digestion process is carried out using an inoculant — lyophilically dried activated sludge from sewage treatment plants in Hamburg in the amount of 450 ml and residual biomass of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana in the amount of 2.1 g. The studies were carried out in the Anaerobes Test system AMPT-II system. Fermentation produces 205 ml of methane gas.

The human microbiota is formed under the influence of external factors, among which a healthy diet plays a key role. The modern people microbiome changes under human eating behavior, stressful factors, agricultural industrialization, increased environmental load, and alimentary disease risks. The human gut microbiome is recognized as the most important biological interface between human genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Nutrition science is entering a new era of targeted action on the body's metabolic activity through the formation of a healthy microbiome, taking into account men individual nutritional characteristics. The paper presents the design of healthy food product technologies, the molecular concept of food engineering and molecular gastronomy, their relationship with traditional cooking and modern cuisine. Much attention is paid to the description of main components and directions of modern molecular gastronomy development, innovative technologies, and ingredients. The role of dietary fibers, prebiotics and probiotics for the normalization of gastrointestinal tract is indicated from the position of the adequate nutrition theory. Some scientific studies on probiotic and metabiotic effects on gut microbiome are described. Modern advances in food biotechnology allow us to obtain symbiotic microbiological culture consortia for new healthy food product manufacture including molecular gastronomy technologies.

The xylose-assimilating capacity of yeast Pachysolen tannophilus to utilize sugars in spent sulphite liquor samples (pulp mill waste) with a different concentration of hexoses and pentoses was studied. The consumption of hexoses (D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose) and pentose (D-xylose) in such substrates reached 90.0-97.5% and 49.12-67.45%, respectively. The ethanol production from sugars in spent sulphite liquor by different strains of the yeast P. tannophilus was demonstrated. The maximum specific rate and ethanol yield reached 9.32-11.45 g l-1 and 0.28-0.37 g g sugars-1, respectively. Thus, the principle possibility of using xylose-assimilating P. tannophilus yeast to obtain bioethanol from sulfite liquor with a different ratio of hexoses and pentoses was proved. According to theoretical calculations, this method will provide up to 42.6 liters of ethanol from 100 kg of sulfite liquor containing 55.6% D-xylose, 24.7% D-glucose, 8.7% D-mannose, 7.6% D-galactose, 3.7% L-arabinose. A future-oriented perspective on bioethanol production from pulp and paper industry wastes by the yeast P. tannophilus is considered.

The aim of this study is to develop formulations and technologies for fermented poultry meat products with the addition of whey and lipid extracts obtained from Chlorella microalgae. Lyophilized microalgal biomass was obtained from cell suspensions of Chlorella sorokiniana (strain 211-8k) cultivated in a closed photobioreactor under laboratory conditions. For the cell wall disintegration, the biomass samples were homogenized using a high-speed homogenizer at 10,000 vol min-1 for 5 minutes. The lipid extraction was performed on a Sohxlet apparatus Buchi E-812 SOX with the solvent extraction system ethanol: n-hexane (1: 9). The higher fatty acids composition of the obtained microalgal lipid extracts was determined by gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection using nitrogen as a carrier gas. The ω-3 and ω-6 content represented 26.59% and 19.05% respectively, which indicates that these lipid extracts have high nutritional values. The curd whey was obtained from cow's milk of summer and winter production from 2017 to 2018 (Lomonosov district auxiliary farm, Leningrad region); and lyophilized Direct Vat Set (DVS) cultures (Ch. Hansen, Denmark). The organic acids and carbohydrate content in the serum was determined by ion-exclusion HPLC. The FD-DVS CHN-19 culture was selected to produce a serum with improved organoleptic characteristics and a lower propionic acid content (0.01 g L-1). To obtain an optimal ω-3 / ω-6 ratio, a phyto-additive mixture based on sunflower oil and lipid extracts from C. sorokiniana microalgae at a ratio of 5–10: 1 is proposed to be used in recipes and technologies of sauces and marinades. It is established that the use of curd whey marinades allow to increase the water-holding capacity (WHC) by 6−8% and to reduce losses during heat treatment of poultry meat from 2 to 11%.

We experimentally carried out the synthesis of the tbf gene that encodes highly-immunogenic epitopes of pathogenic cholera strains, through the cloning of the tbf gene in pGEM-T Easy plasmid. Moreover, we tested the hybrid gene sequence for absence of mutations, using the Sanger sequencing. We also calculated the nucleatic sequence of the tbf gene. The obtained results have both scientific and practical significance.

Based on the unsaturated derivatives of polyfluoroalkanols chemical products are used to protect solid and fibrous materials surface from the effects of water, oils and other pollutants. A method for obtaining allyl ethers of polyfluoroalkanols (polyfluoroalkoxypropenes) is based on the Williamson ether reaction. This method is a heterophase process. The use of solvents to improve mass transfer requires complementary measures to ensure industrial and environmental safety. It is more preferable to obtain the target ethers in water with PTC. A series of experiments using different chain length polyfluoroalkanols was studied by GLC. Kovats retention indexes of the target ethers were determined. It was found that in the case of lower homologues (CF3CH2OH, (CF3)2CHOH, HCF2CF2CH2OH), the addition of 5-15 vol.% 1,4-dioxane as a solubilizer provides a high yield of products. The application of PTC (tetrabutylammonium bromide) is indispensable for using polyfluoroalkanols with a longer carbon chain (C≥5). PTC invariably provides the almost complete conversion of polyfluoroalkanols. The decomposition process of TBAB becomes noticeable (GLC method) upon completion of the main reaction. Polyfluoroalkoxypropenes form azeotrope with water, which can be used in the work up process.

This study is devoted to the problem of improving the methods of pectin obtaining from apple pomace. The relevance of the study is dictated by the fact of formation of a large amount of waste when receiving apple juice. The output of apple juice at the enterprises of the processing industry is from 50 to 75%, therefore, 25-50% is waste. In our studies we used 42 KHz frequency of ultrasonic vibrations. The powers of ultrasound waves were 30 and 50W. The output of pectin depends on the sample exposure time, and with time passing this growth decreases and eventually stops, which may indicate that a certain amount of destruction has been reached at a given power. The maximum increase in the output of pectic substances is observed when the ultrasonic treatment time is 15 minutes and it is 26%. Capacity also affects pectin output. With power increasing from 30 to 50 W, the amount of pectin released increases by an average of 10%. It is shown that the use of separation at the stage of solution partitioning from pectin allows one to increase the speed of the process by a factor of two.

At preservation of fruits and berries mass-exchange processes take place in liquid mediums, which define quality of the canned production. The composition of covering syrup should guarantee preservation of turgor, taste and color of fruits and berries and prevent fermentation processes. We carried out construction and adequacy examination of kinetic model for moisture osmotic transfer for fruit-berry material to covering syrups at thermal and refrigerating preservation. We obtained empirical coefficients. It was established that moisture migration rate depends on berry type and syrup concentration. Moisture loss for more than 30% results in berries turgor loss, which makes its further storage impractical. Using the obtained equation and empirical constants, we have established that the duration of the refrigeration storage of cowberry canned in 30% sugar syrups for the stated conditions was about 130 days. Keywords— kinetics modeling, mass-exchange processes, osmotic moisture transport, berries, syrup, preservation