A study was carried out with the participation of patients with allergic asthma, comorbid with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of treatment with polyvalent sensitization by the administration of allergenspecific immunotherapy.

The aim was to аssess the effect of nutritional factors on the risk of developing ulcerative colitis based on an analysis of food consumed. Assess the importance of consumption of certain nutrients in its development among the population of Western Siberia. Materials and methods: A survey of 81 patients with ulcerative colitis and 39 healthy volunteers was conducted. The profile of the eating habits of patients with ulcerative colitis (before diagnosis) in relation to healthy respondents was investigated. Results. The diet of patients with ulcerative colitis before the first signs of the disease is distinguished by the rare consumption of fresh and cooked vegetables and fruits in small portions, the consumption of more sugar with tea and / or coffee compared to healthy ones. Also, patients poorly tolerated milk and dairy products before the debut of the disease. Conclusion. Our study confirms the possible effect of a lack of dietary fiber and excessive sugar intake on the onset of ulcerative colitis.

The aim of the study. To assess the significance of surrogate markers of the «hygienic hypothesis», the «old friends theory» and the hypothesis of «depletion of biomes» in the development of ulcerative colitis among the population of Western Siberia.Materials and methods: an active survey (interviewing) of 81 patients with ulcerative colitis and 39 healthy respondents was conducted. The main surrogate markers of the «hygienic theory», the hypotheses of «old friends» and «depletion of biomes» were studied: past infestations, pets in childhood, use of antibiotics, breastfeeding, family size (number of siblings), attendance at pre-school institutions, accommodation in a dormitory while studying, accommodation in a city or a village, type of drinking water supply and the type of water respondents use for drinking; in the framework of the «biome depletion» theory, in addition to the markers listed above, a sugar consumption rate was assessed. Consumption of simple carbohydrates was calculated based on the number of cups of tea and/or coffee drunk per week and the number of teaspoons or cubes of sugar that the respondent puts in one cup.Results. Among the indirect markers of the «hygiene hypothesis» and the theory of «old friends» examined, only one effect the risk of ulcerative colitis among the population of the Omsk region — visiting preschool institutions (2I = 4,59, p <0,05). Of the indirect signs of the «biome depletion» hypothesis examined, significant differences were found in the amount of simple carbohydrates consumed: patients with ulcerative colitis consumed more sugar with tea and/or coffee in the period before the first signs of the disease than healthy respondents (U = 1214,0; Z = 2,0; p = 0,04).Conclusion. In our study, the statistical significance of such factors as rare visits to kindergartens and the consumption of large amount of sugar by patients with ulcerative colitis in the period before the onset of the disease in comparison with healthy respondents was demonstrated.

The basic theory of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently considered a violation of immune activation and immune response against its own antigens to the intestinal flora in genetically predisposed individuals. “The gold standard” diagnosis of UC is colonoscopy with biopsy morphological study. Due to the invasiveness, complexity in the preparing and conducting, the high cost of endoscopy there is a need in the application of laboratory biomarkers UC, with which you can select a group of persons subject to an in-depth examination of the instrumental. Thereview highlights the modern view of the pathogenesis of the disease, the ability to use a variety of laboratory biomarkers in the diagnosis of UC, for monitoring the effectiveness of the therapy, as predictors of severe course of UC, therapeutic response prediction and early detection of recurrence

The paper describes a clinical case of primary eosinophilic enterocolitis in a 41-year-old female patent. It presents a brief review of the literature on the problem of primary eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal diseases.

Despite the abundance of research devoted to nosocomial pneumonia, so far there are no clear diagnostic criteria for it and predict the outcome of nosocomial pneumonia is based on the individual clinical, instrumental, laboratory and other parameters that are not related to each other as links in a single pathogenesis. External factors contributing to the development of the pneumonia and determine its prognosis, adequately lit, and the problem lies in the fact that no comprehensive clinical and pathophysiological approach to assessing the outcome of nosocomial pneumonia considering its immunogenetic features. One aspect of learning is nosocomial pneumonia appraisal of immune system, in particular, -- cytokines that have both diagnostic and prognostic value. As is known, the level of immune reactivity of the organism is fixed genetically, therefore, determines the importance polymorphisms of genes coding for the expression of cytokines as key participants in the intercellular interactions. In the present article we found that one of the factors immunopathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia is a gene polymorphism IL-1β (-511) C-->T and IL-1RN. Genetic markers of risk of its development is the carrier of the allele C of gene IL-1β (-511) C->T. The severity and clinical features of the pneumonia associated with the presence of the genotype of the patients T allele of the gene IL-1β (-511) C-->T. Implementation of the pathogenetic action of this polymorphism is carried out due to overproduction of the cytokine IL-1β. Exposure to nosocomial pneumonia associated with haplotypes IL-1RN * 4-IL-1β (-511) C-->T gene of the same name cytokines having polar biological effects.

The prospective study evaluated the differential diagnostic value of anti-inflammatory cytokines – tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-8 in the patients suffering from pleural effusions of various nature (parapneumonic, tuberculous, malignant and transsudate). It was found out that the marker of parapneumonic pleural effusion and pleural empyema was interleukin-8. The high concentration of this cytokine was detected in blood and pleural fluid. Clinical and immunological associations were found out between the level of interleukin-1β in blood/pleural fluid in pleural effusions of tuberculous and malignant nature. The obtained data can be used as additional criteria in differential diagnostics of pleural effusions.

Abstract. This article is devoted to analysis of gene polymorphisms affecting CD14 regulatory molecule, as well as IL-1β, TNFα cytokines and IL-1RN in the patients with nosocomial pneumonias. The influence of single-nucleotide substitution polymorphisms is discussed in terms of clinical severity and outcomes of nosocomial pneumonia. A predisposition for more severe clinical course of pneumonia is revealed in a group of patients with C/Т and Т/Т genotypes of CD14 regulatory molecule. A carriership of –511*Т аllele in the patients’ genotype predisposed for reduced terms of pneumonia evolution, like as development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and more pronounced acute phase response (leukocytosis and high levels of C-reactive protein). IL-RN*2 allele was associated with generally poor outcome, whereas presence of –308 (AG, AA) variant of TNFα polymorphic gene was connected with pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of nosocomial pneumonia. (Med. Immunol., vol. 10, N 4-5, pp 467-472).

Genotypes CD14 gene genotypes frequencies of in control group and in group of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) correspond to Hardy-Weinberg law. We revealed a statistically significant increase of genotype Т/Т frequency in the patients with NP (33.33%) in contrast to control group (18.09%) (р = 0.008). Notable is a difference in severity of NP cours in the patients with C/С, C/Т and Т/Т genotypes. In first case, the score of discase severity, using CPIS scale, was 7.81±1.32, whereas in second case it was 8.93±1.48 (р < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between resolution time of NP and CD14 genotype, i.e. Т/Т genotype was associated with prolonged respiratory support in NP with mecanical ventilation, as compared with NP cases in the patlents with C/С and C/Т genotypes (r = 0.70; р = 0.01). It was shown that the patients with CD14 Т/Т genotype exhibited hypercytokinemia due to TNFα. IL-1β and IL-1RN, thus pointing to a key role of CD14 gene polymorphism in immune pathogenesis of NP.

Abstract. We have observed 128 patients with non-nosocomial pneumonias. Bacterial microflora was isolated in 22.6 per cent of entire group. 17 per cent of the samples were seropositive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, along with detectable DNA specific for this causal agent. In 25 per cent of the patients, isolation of bacterial microflora was associated with positive antibody titers to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Serum contents of cytokines (TNFα, IL-8, IL-6) have been studied in the patients. A positive correlation was found between increased cytokine levels and severity of the disease.

Aim. To evaluate blood ammonia concentration in patients with chronic liver diseases. Methods. 87 patients with chronic liver disease were examined. Ammonia concentration was determined using the enzymatic test. Results. Ammonia concentrations ranged from 18.16 to 118.36 μmol/l (median 43.7 μmol/l). Depending on blood ammonia level, 2 groups of patients were identified: with blood ammonia level below (first group) and above the median level (second group). The first group included 35 (79.5%) patients with liver cirrhosis and 9 (20.5%) patients with chronic hepatitis, the numbers were similar in the second group: 36 (83.7%) and 7 (26.3%) patients correspondingly. Signs of portal gastropathy were identified in 25 (58.1%) and 26 (60.5%) patients correspondingly, while Helicobacter pylori infection was found in 5 (21.7%) and 8 (31.8%) patients with blood ammonia level below and above the median level correspondingly. Mean ammonia concentration in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, with and without portal gastropathy, with mild and severe gastropathy did not differ significantly. Conclusion. Ammonia blood concentration can not reliably indicate liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy development and stage, portal hypertension and collateral development as well as predict gastric lesions.

Purpose: To study the distribution of genotypes and alleles tumor necrosis factor-α G–308A, interleukin1β C–511T, interleukin-10 G–1082A in patients with slowlyresolved pneumonia and their association with clinical and radiologicalfeatures of the disease.Materials and Methods: We investigated 89 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, of which 37 people had a slowlyresolving course of the disease.The genotype distribution of studied polymorpisms corresponded the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.Results: We determined that the tumor necrosis factor-α G–308A and interleukin-10 G–1082A gene polymorphisms were associated with the long course of pneumonia. Slow resolution of the disease in patients who are carriers of GA and AA genotypes of tumor necrosis factor-α contributed to a severe course. The intensity of inflammation in these patients was reflected in the high rates of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Prolonged duration in patients who are carriers of GG genotype of IL-10 was associated with significant clinical and laboratory manifestations at onset of the disease and more frequent development of pleural effusion. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of interleukin-1β in observed patients did not differ. Conclusions: The data can be used for prognosis of slowlyresolved pneumonia