The one of the most common defects of the ureter-vesical segment in children is the condition, leading to a disorder of obturative function of this segment. Complications of vesicoureteral reflux include continuously recurrent pyelonephritis, reflux nephropathy. In this regard, the choice of the optimal treatment strategy based on minimal invasion is considered as one of the priorities of pediatric urology. The article presents the data obtained during the treatment of VUR in children of different ages in the Clinic of Reproductive Health FSBSI SCCH. A comparative evaluation of the results of endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux depending on the kind of the bulking agent was performed. It was found that the use of endocorrection of reflux is highly effective surgical procedure, with the high number of positive results against the background of use of bulking agent "vantris". The study discriminates a group of patients with vesicoureteral reflux, intractable for endoscopic correction with cystoscopically normal structure of the orifices that allows to refer this method to the initial stage of treatment of the disease.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the endocrine profile condition in adolescent girls with abnormal uterine bleeding. Patients and methods: The participants of the study were 110 adolescent girls in the age between 11 and 15 years taken to hospital by emergency indication in the period between 2010–2013 years with dysfunctional uterine bleeding for the term from 3 to 48 days. In the first day of hospitalization before starting the hormonal therapy all patients underwent the physical examination, ultrasonic examination of pelvic organs and endocrine profile assessment. Concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and the levels of mammotropic hormone, thyrotropic hormone, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in their blood were determined. Besides that physicians assessed the complete blood count indices: hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte number and hematocrits. Results: It was determined that the predisposing causes of abnormal uterine bleeding development in adolescents: high somatic pathology frequency, abnormalities of neuroendocrinal system and menstrual cycle. Gynecological pathology in adolescents is represented by significant disorders of menstrual function establishment expressed in the later beginning of menstruation, its intensity and duration. The authors also note the higher frequency of inflammatory diseases such as adnexitis, edeitis, vulvovaginitis and coleitis in comparison with the control group (37.3 and 30%, respectively). Another tendency was observed while studying the endocrine profile: in patients with hyperestrogenism the normal or increased content of FSH at the normal or lowered LH concentration is observed. At the same time, in patients with hypestrogenism FSH concentration at the lower limits of the age group is lowered, while LH concentration is lowered or normal. Conclusion: Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in the most cases is developing in the setting of relative hyper- or hypestrogenism and the clinical presentation of the condition depends on this indicator.

Through the use of radionuclide method for the rate measuring of the urine passing by the ureter, it became possible to assess the outcome of the surgical correction of the vesicoureteral segment obstructive uropathy, based on the nature of urodynamics in the operated organ and urinary tract. This method allows to determine the degree of the urodynamics in the urinary tract violations, the tactics of further treatment and objectively evaluate the outcome of the surgery performed, based on mathematical calculation of the activity of the radiopharmaceutical, eliminating the assessment subjectivity. Key words: radionuclide methods of investigation, obstructive uropathies, megaureter, vesico-ureteral reflux. ( Pediatric Pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (5): 118–121.)

Vesicoureteral reflux in children without diagnostics and correct treatment could result in chronic renal failure. This prognosis forces to look for new more informative methods of diagnostics. The authors of the article conducted research to assess the reliability of key methods — radionuclide and radiological methods. The results obtained indicate the need for a differentiated approach to each child and advisability of comprehensive examination of a child using various methods not only to identify the presence of reflux, but also its duration, intensity in order to select the right tactics of treating the patient. Key words: vesicoureteral reflux, diagnostics, dynamic nephroscintigraphy, radionuclide cystography, voiding cystography, children. (Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(3):95-97)

A study was conducted to assess the safety of non-ionic contrast media in paediatric nephrourology and their impact onto renal function and homeostasis, reflecting the risk of development of contrast-induced nephropathy. After contrast media use we observed elevation of cystatin C and endothelin, decrease of sodium fractional excretion and hypocoagulation were identified. The results obtained indicate that renal hypoperfusion with a consequent decrease of sodium fractional excretion and elevation of endothelin production may play a role in contrast-induced nephropathy. Increased serum cystatin C reflects adverse impact of contrast agents on renal function. Hypocoagulation effect requires that coagulation disorders must be excluded before use of contast media. Key words: children, contrast-induced nephropathy, renal function, cystatin C, endothelin, hemostasis. (Pediatric Pharmacology. – 2010; 7(2):78-82)

Varicocele is the most common andrological pathology. Varicocele is no. 1 cause of sterility in men. The article illustrates the stages of spermatogenesis that control its hormones and biologically active substances studied in adolescents who have undergone operations for a left-side varicocele. The results obtained indicate the need for and safety of a timely surgery (if there are indications for it) in order to correct varicocele for improved spermatogenic function.