Aim: The current work aims to calculate dose area product (DAP) and to determine regional diagnostic reference level (DRL) for pediatric panoramic radiography in Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: In this study, DAP was calculated after finding the product of air kerma on the detector side of scanner with the corresponding exposed area. The obtained DAP values were further analyzed, and DRL was calculated using Microsoft Excel. The study was carried out with routine pediatric exposure parameters. Results: The obtained mean, range, and third quartile values for pediatric panoramic radiography are found to be 65 mGycm2, 11–148 mGycm2, and 82 mGycm2, respectively. The proposed DRL is comparable with the other countries' DRL. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it was observed that there exists a wide difference in mean doses among the panoramic scanners. The variation in radiation doses between the clinics/hospitals and similar scanners suggests a large potential for optimization of panoramic procedures.

Aim: In this research work, radiation doses to frontal face of adult and pediatric procedures were measured from 50 panoramic and 35 cephalometric dental X-ray scanners from various regions in Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: Dose measurements were carried out using a polymethylmethacrylate tissue-equivalent phantom (10 cm diameter and 14 cm length) and two miniature electronic personnel dosimeters (PM1610). Results: Panoramic procedures and the radiation doses were measured on the frontal face of adult ranged from 80 μSv to 175 μSv and 20–66 μSv at the thyroid and eye level, respectively, and for pediatric were ranged from 52 μSv to 159 μSv and 17–58 μSv at the thyroid and eye level, respectively. For cephalometric, the frontal face dose of adult ranged from 45 μSv to 114 μSv and 45–111 μSv at the thyroid and eye level, respectively, and for pediatric, the doses were ranged from 43 μSv to 107 μSv and 43–107 μSv at the thyroid and eye level, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the detailed survey, the measured values were comparable with other literature values. It was observed that exposure parameters, beam quality, beam slit width, and beam length used in the tube head are the factors that increase facial dose during dental panoramic and cephalometric procedures.

The objective of the present study is to propose a set of regional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for pediatric intraoral (IO) radiography procedures classified by IO examinations in Tamil Nadu, India. Of the 120 total units, 60 were digital and the remaining 60 units used film as image receptors. The third quartile values obtained for the selected IO examinations ranged from 1.05 mGy for the mandibular incisors to 1.48 mGy for the maxillary molars. The DRLs of the present study compare well with other International published DRLs. Following this primary study, DRLs will be proposed for other regions of the country, to arrive at national DRLs for pediatric IO dentistry.

Serviceability to the customers in terms of providing best customer service level (%) is the topic becomes most important for many organizations to focus and leverage their business stand in the competitive after-sales business environment. The project deals with an automotive player supplying after-sales spare parts to the markets in the APAC region. The industry focus is on the techniques to find out the better service level (%) that can be ensured to the customers/markets. The scope of the project is to provide better spare parts availability to the markets, shipment cost reduction and lead time reduction of supplying parts to the markets which ultimately leads to achieving best customer service level (%) to the APAC markets.

AIM:The aim of this study was to calculate dose area product (DAP) and to determine diagnostic reference level (DRL) for adult panoramic procedures in Tamil Nadu.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this study, air kerma on the front side of the secondary collimator was measured with a Black Piranha, RTI Electronics, Sweden and multiplied with the corresponding exposed area to calculate DAP. The obtained DAP values were further analyzed, and DRL was calculated using the Microsoft Excel software. The study was carried out with regular adult exposure parameters.RESULTS:The mean, range, and 3rd quartile values for 67 panoramic scanners in Tamil Nadu, India, were calculated as 94 mGycm2, 41 mGycm2-165 mGycm2, and 114.3 mGycm2, respectively. The results are comparable with other international studies.CONCLUSION:The present study suggests that further optimization can be achieved in many centers by the recruitment of professionally qualified radiographers and conducting periodic training programs on the optimization of exposure parameters. Considering this as the first study for the dental DRL assessment, further studies are suggested to establish national dental DRL in India.