The dimensional effect of the accumulation of an electric charge with a density of up to 270 μF/g by the system of compacted zirconium dioxide nanoparticles during exposure in an electric field (5000 V/m) under normal physical conditions is determined. Based on a qualitative complex analysis of the forms of appearance of the effect, it is shown that the place of localization of different charge carriers is the surface of nanoparticles. The supposed mechanism of this effect is considered using the theory of dispersed systems, the band theory, and the theory of contact phenomena in semiconductors. It was concluded that this mechanism is due to the phenomenon of localization of electron-type charge nanoparticles in the near-surface zone of the material in contact with the adsorption ion atmosphere. This effect is relevant for modern nanoelectronics, microsystem technology, and printed electronics.

The paper considers the new effects of the nanoscale state of matter, which open up prospects for the development of electronic devices using new physical principles. The contacts of chemically homogeneous nanoparticles of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide (ZrO2—x mol% Y2O3, x = 0, 3, 4, 8; YSZ) with different sizes of 7.5 nm and 9 nm; 7.5 nm and 11 nm; and 7.5 nm and 14 nm, respectively, was studied on direct current using nanostructured objects in the form of compacts obtained by high-hydrostatic pressure (HP-compacts of 300MPa). A unique size effect of the nonlinear (rectifying-type contact) dependence of the electrical properties (in the region U < 2.5 V, I ≤ 2.7 mA) of the contact of different-sized YSZ nanoparticles of the same chemical composition is revealed, which indicates the possibility of creating semiconductor structures of a new type (homogeneous electronics). The electronic structure of the near-surface regions of nanoparticles of studied oxide materials and the possibility of obtaining specifically rectifying properties of the contacts were studied theoretically. Models of surface states of the Tamm-type are constructed considering the Coulomb long-range action. The discovered energy variance and its dependence on the curvature of the surface of nanoparticles made it possible to study the conditions for the formation of a contact potential difference in cases of nanoparticles of the same radius (synergistic effect), different radii (doped and undoped variants), as well as to discover the possibility of describing a group of powder particles within the Anderson model. The determined effect makes it possible to solve the problem of diffusion instability of semiconductor heterojunctions and opens up prospects for creating electronic devices with a fundamentally new level of properties for use in various fields of the economy and breakthrough critical technologies.

The dimensional effect of electric charge storage with a density of up to 270 μF/g by the hydrated ZrO2-nanoparticles system was determined. It was found that the place of localization of different charge carriers is the generalized heterophase boundary-nanoparticles surface. The supposed mechanism of the effect was investigated using the theory of dispersed systems, the band theory, and the theory of contact phenomena in semiconductors, which consists of the formation of localized electronic states in the nanoparticle material due to donor–acceptor interaction with the adsorption ionic atmosphere. The effect is relevant for modern nanoelectronics, microsystem technology, and printed electronics because it allows overcoming the basic physical restrictions on the size, temperature, and operation frequency of the device, caused by leakage currents.

The elemental composition of the fragment of one of the biggest meteorites, which entered the Earth's atmosphere over Chelyabinsk, Russia was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis at the IBR-2 reactor. A total of 27 major and trace elements Si, Ti, Cr, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, V, Sc, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Mo, Ag, Sb, Cs, Sm, Tm, Ir, Au, U was determined in the analyzed fragment. Obtained values were compared with the average composition of LL-chondrites and results reported by other scientific groups.

The analysis of the factors determining the high yield of tea grown in three regions: China, India and Kenya has been carried out.It is shown that only for Kenyan tea in 2010-2017 there is a fairly high correlation dependence of yield on geomagnetic activity, expressed by Ap and Dst indices.The low agricultural production level in the highlands of Kenya leads to a dependence on weather conditions.Therefore, inverse linear correlation of tea yield on the level of geomagnetic disturbance at the early stage of tea leaf vegetation is observed.

The approaches for determination of thermo-stressed state of certain classes of shells in classical, refined and spatial statements is proposed. In a classical statement we consider the problems on deformation of shells of revolution, non-circular cylindrical shells and shallow rectangular shells. We propose the solution to problem on determination of deflections in the two-layered cylindrical and conic shells and ring plate. Within the scope of refined model of rectilinear element with regard for the temperature reduction across the thickness we solve the problem on deformation of a three-layered parabolic shell of revolution with filler. On the basis of relations of the 3D elasticity theory for an anisotropic inhomogeneous body the problems on determination of temperature fields and stresses in layered cylindrical shells were solved. The approach to solving the problems on deformation of long hollow cylinders under the action of temperature, which changed periodically in time, is proposed.

Theoretical and experimental data on the concentrations of methane in different phase states in the porous structure of coals from the Donets Basin are reported. On the saturation of coal samples with methane, the natural conditions of the occurrence of methane in coal beds were simulated for the equilibrium coal–gas system. The amounts of methane dissolved in a solid matrix and adsorbed on the pore surfaces of coal matter were measured by broad-band NMR spectroscopy. The values obtained did not exceed 20% of the total methane absorbed by the sample in an equilibrium state at a pressure of 10 MPa. Sorbed methane was the predominant phase state only upon the opening of a high-pressure chamber after the emission of methane from filtration channels.

The article gives the review of the present-day development in the physical kinetics of coal-methane system. The Gibbs thermodynamic potential is derived for this system as the function of methane density (persisting order parameter) and coal jointing (non-persisting order parameter). The authors put forward epy diffusion-filtration mechanism of mass transfer in porous material on two time scales and substantiate the concept of “quick” and “slow” methane. Based on the nonequilibrium thermodynamic potential, kinetic equations are derived for gas pressure and jointing in coal (bed). The first equation solution explains the physical effect of temporal gas pressure growth at the maximum of the external rock (bearing) pressure, the second equation enables generalization of the Griffiths failure criterion for a set of gas-filled joints. Mechanism of pre-outburst spalling of gas-saturated coal is analyzed.

The results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of water relaxation times, T1 and T2, and self-diffusion coefficients, D, in water-saturated pores of fossil coal (anthracite A) are reported. The spin-echo and broad-line NMR measurement techniques were used. The resonance frequency of 1H spins was found to equal f ≈ 20 MHz in the temperature, T , range from 90 K to room temperature. The results of experiments evidence the existence of a smeared phase transition in the temperature range T = 180÷230 K. Using the Uo–Fedin technique, the corresponding phase transition energy was estimated to be U0 = 27÷35 kJ/mol. The activation energy Ea associated with the T2(T ) dependence was found to increase from 4 kJ/mol at T = 90 K to 18 kJ/mol at T = 300 K. The deviation of the temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient D from the Arrhenius law was explained by the change-over from the bulk diffusion mode to the surface one as the temperature decreased.

Using methods of the scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering of light(RS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), consistent research of the local structure and magnetic features of different types of raw coal samples from Donetsk basin is carried out. It is established that the ratio of the main peak intensities of RS spectrum D and G is inversely related to the volatile substance amount Vdaf in the coal samples. The study of the kinetic behavior of the EPR line width in hydrogen, oxygen, and methane sorption-desorption processes in each coal sample helped determine that the diffusion coefficient value for hydrogen in coal at room temperature is equal to DН = (2 ÷ 7) × 10−5 cm2/s. It is demonstrated that the oxygen diffusion occurs with time according to two different exponential laws with diffusion coefficients DO,1 = 5 × 10−6 cm2/s and DO,2 = 5.5 × 10−7 cm2/s, respectively. The smaller coefficient corresponds to the diffusion caused by the hopping process. Finally, it is established that the anthracite is a unique type of coal which does not possess the ability “to conserve” the significant EPR line width after oxygen pumping out from the samples.

Kinetics of gas desorption from a material with a developed nano- and mesostructure is studied by the example of methane in coal. It is supposed that the solute gas passes from coal fragments to capillaries by solid-state diffusion and then proceeds to the outer volume by filtration. Desorption is found to occur in three stages. Estimations of the duration of these stages are given. Comparing the sorption experiments with the theory developed here is the suggested way to evaluate the size of the fragments comprising the system, as well as the closed porosity and gas solubility in the studied porous material.

The fractal analysis is described as method of studying images of surface of fossil coal, one of the natural sorbent, with the aim of determining its structural surface heterogeneity. The deformation effect as a reduction in the dimensions of heterogeneity boundaries is considered. It is shown that the theory of nonequilibrium dynamic systems permits to assess a formation level of heterogeneities involved into a sorbent composition by means of the Hurst factor.

We study the desorption of methane from a coal-bed. A model taking into account both methane diffusion in coal – blocks and its filtration through the system of open pores and cracks is developed. Methane pressure in the coal-bed is found for an arbitrary instant of time. Dependency of the rate of methane release upon the block size, open and closed porosity, viscosity, solubility, bed pressure and temperature is established. We derive the effective coefficient of diffusion of methane in blocks containing closed pores filled with gaseous methane. It is shown that at a hindered diffusion methane is distinctly divided into the “quick” and the “slow” one.

Methane desorption from a coal seam is theoretically investigated using a model including both the diffusion of methane in coal lumps and its filtration through net-shaped pores and cracks. The methane density distribution along the seam at an arbitrary time instant is found. Explicit dependences of the amount of the methane escaped from the seam on the lump size, open and closed porosity, viscosity and solubility of methane, and pressure and temperature in the seam are determined. An effective diffusion coefficient in lumps containing methane-filled closed pores is found. In the case of hindered diffusion, the methane can be subdivided into the "fast" and "slow" fractions.