Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers significant potential for generating near-net shape components, especially on a medium to large scale, without the need for complicated equipment. However, the WAAM process's rapid deposition rate (1-10 kg/h) makes it difficult to achieve high-dimensional precision and tolerance. As a consequence, post-processing, such as machining, is often required to match industrial specifications. Despite the increased interest in WAAM, there is a lack of research that examines both the production and machinability of WAAM components, particularly in contrast to wrought equivalents under advanced lubrication strategies that align with sustainable tribological practices. This study is novel in providing a comprehensive, side-by-side comparison of WAAM and wrought Inconel 625 (IN625) under dry, mono, and hybrid nanofluidassisted drilling an area that remains largely unexplored. The utilization of a newly synthesised hybrid nanofluid (hBN: Graphene in 1:2 ratio), together with extensive research of machining performance and tool coating degradation (by SEM/EDS), provides new insights into long-term lubrication strategies for additivemanufactured superalloys. Three lubrication conditions were investigated: hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphene based mono nanofluid (MNF), and a hybrid nanofluid (HNF), with their performance compared against dry machining. The nanofluids were thoroughly evaluated for dispersion stability, thermal conductivity, wettability, and dynamic viscosity. The hybrid nanofluid with a 1:2 ratio of hBN to graphene demonstrated excellent lubricating and cooling capabilities. During machining, the HNF showed considerable benefits over dry machining, including a 31 - 34.15 % drop in cutting surface temperature (Tc). Similarly, the presence of HNF reduced surface roughness (Ra) by 21 - 32 % and circularity deviation was minimised by 56 - 59.05 % for wrought and WAAM IN625, resulting in improved dimensional accuracy. Additionally, tool wear (Vb) was decreased with less edge chipping and abrasive wear, resulting in a longer tool life. Notably, the study used TiNcoated tools, with tool wear and coating degradation assessed via SEM and EDS, providing insights into coating preservation under different lubrication conditions. Chip morphology study indicated smoother chips with fewer fractures and serrations, indicating less machining stress. These results show that hybrid nanofluids improve machining performance and sustainability, providing a novel route to optimize post-processing of WAAM components and advance environmentally responsible manufacturing.

Ni–TiO2/hBN nanocoating was performed on a mild steel substrate by electrodeposition from Watts Nickel bath solution. The three-level design of the Taguchi method of the L9 orthogonal array has been chosen, and the experimentation was carried out in the run order of this L9 orthogonal array. The surface morphology of the coating was investigated using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). X-ray Diffraction analysis confirms the presence of material (Ni–TiO2) on the substrate. Electrochemical corrosion testing in 3.5 wt

Regenerated cellulose (RC) was prepared from pineapple crown waste fiber (PCWF) with a yield of about 45 %. The RC was blended with hardwood pulp (HP) to improve the mechanical properties of the paper. The composite paper with improved tensile index from 16.87 +/- 0.75 NN mm/g to 28.98 +/- 1.2 NN mm/g and burst index from 0.974 +/- 0 .083 kkPaPa mm22/g to 1.827 +/- 0 .153 kkPaPa mm22/g was developed by blending 20 % RC with 80 % HP. It was calculated that the production of one tonne of RC generates about 130 m3 of wastewater and it can be recycled after treatment with electrocoagulation technique. After wastewater treatment, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced 84.8 %, total suspended solid (TSS) by 95.6 %, total dissolved solids (TDS) by 30.4 %, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by 95.8 %. Importantly, the recycling behavior by reusing/recycling the treated wastewater for the regeneration process was investigated and a yield of about 42 % of the RC was observed.

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Magnesium (Mg) is renowned for its unique combination of low weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatibility, and natural abundance, positioning it as an ideal candidate for biodegradable implants in biomedicine. Despite these advantageous properties, challenges such as poor formability and susceptibility to corrosion have restricted its broader application. This review critically addresses these limitations by delving into Mg's biodegradation mechanisms and the various degradation modes activated by different physiological environments. Emphasis is placed on understanding these processes to optimize Mg's utility as a biomaterial. Additionally, the transformative potential of integrating rare-earth (RE) elements into Mg alloys is explored. These elements significantly refine the microstructure, enhance mechanical properties, and improve corrosion resistance, effectively mitigating some of Mg's inherent limitations. Rare earth elements (REEs) significantly improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. Cerium and lanthanum form protective oxide layers, reducing corrosion. Neodymium prevents hydrogen embrittlement, while yttrium refines grain size. The combination of REEs offers a diverse range of properties, including enhanced strength, creep resistance, high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance, ductility, and toughness. This versatility allows for tailored alloy selection for specific applications. The review also assesses the effects of various RE elements on biodegradability, cytotoxicity, and biological interaction, which are crucial for medical applications. Furthermore, the innovative realm of additive manufacturing (AM) is investigated to develop efficient Mg-RE-based biomedical implants, enabling the precise customization of implants to meet individual patient needs. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the latest research, this study projects the promising future of Mg-RE alloys as groundbreaking biomaterials poised to redefine medical implant technology with their superior mechanical and biological properties.

Pine needle waste-based ethylene scavenging paper was developed by incorporating nanomaterial halloysite nanotube (HNT) and micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC). The ethylene scavenging capacity was evaluated with the banana storage in the developed nanocomposite paper. The quality of bananas, such as color, physical appearance, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, and weight loss, was evaluated during banana storage. The PN/MFC/HNT 30