Skull base surgery has become increasingly common in recent years with the advancement of endoscopic endonasal surgical techniques, leading to greater experience and improved outcomes. This case report aims to present a patient with maxillofacial trauma who sustained a facial injury caused by an impaled construction rod and was successfully treated using an endoscopic endonasal approach.

PURPOSE:To prospectively evaluate the intraoperative relationship between the retromandibular vein (RMV) and the marginal mandibular branch (MMB) or inferior facial nerve division during parotidectomy, and to synthesize the relevant anatomical and surgical literature. METHODS:Consecutive parotidectomy procedures performed over a one-year period were prospectively evaluated. The RMV-MMB/inferior facial nerve relationship was recorded intraoperatively, and variants were photographed and documented. A structured narrative literature review was performed to identify cadaveric, fetal, radiological, surgical series, and case reports describing RMV-facial nerve relationships. During this period, 44 parotidectomies were performed; the final anatomical analysis included the 35 cases in which the RMV-MMB/inferior facial nerve relationship could be clearly defined. RESULTS:Thirty-five parotidectomy procedures were evaluated. The classical configuration, defined as the RMV deep/medial to the MMB or inferior facial nerve division, was observed in 27 cases (77.1%). Eight variants (22.9%) were documented: four cases (11.4%) showed MMB interposition between the superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein, and four cases (11.4%) showed a cervicofacial branch coursing deep/medial to the RMV. Across the literature review and the present cohort, 1454 sides/cases were summarized, including 1346 classical configurations (92.6%) and 108 variants (7.4%). Among these 35 cases, facial nerve dissection was performed anterogradely in 33 cases and retrogradely in 2 cases; both retrograde cases showed the classical relationship. CONCLUSION:The RMV is a useful landmark during parotidectomy, especially in retrograde dissection, but its relationship with the MMB and inferior facial nerve division is not constant. Awareness of interposition and deep/medial nerve variants may help reduce the risk of venous bleeding, surgical-plane misidentification, and facial nerve injury.

Background and Objectives: Exposure to recreational and electronic noise sources increases the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in pediatric and young adult populations—frequently referred to as Generation Z. Extended high-frequency audiometry (EHFA) is commonly used for the early detection and prognostication of NIHL. Here, we used EHFA to evaluate the potential hearing loss associated with the use of technological devices in Generation Z individuals. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive investigation. Individuals aged 10-22 years who presented to our clinic with any complaint between January 15, 2023, and January 15, 2024 and who were scheduled for routine hearing assessment were included. All participants underwent conventional audiometry covering conventional frequencies (CFs) as well as EHFA. Participants were divided into two groups based on weekly use of personal listening devices (PLDs): less than 10 h/week and 10 h/week or more. Differences between the groups were analyzed with respect to CFs and extended high frequencies (EHFs), as well as the presence of vertigo, tinnitus, and subjective hearing loss. Results: No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the presence of symptoms, vertigo, tinnitus, or hearing loss (p=0.47, p=0.75, p=0.10, and p=0.99, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the average CFs between the right and left ears (p=0.53 and p=0.38, respectively). In the right ear at 10 kHz, the mean threshold for participants using PLDs less than 10 h/week was 7.50±7.70, compared to 5.0±10.88 for those using PLDs 10 h or more per week (p=0.02). For all other frequencies, average thresholds in both ears were higher in participants with weekly PLDs ≥10 h compared to those with <10 h, although these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: EHFs tended to be higher in individuals using PLDs for ≥10 h/week, although the differences were not statistically significant at most frequencies. A significant difference was observed only at 10 kHz in the right ear; however, this may reflect interindividual variability rather than a consistent exposure effect. This study is the first in which NIHL in Generation Z was the focus, and replication in larger cohorts is warranted.

Tympanosclerosis is a disease characterized by the accumulation of hyaline calcareous deposits in the tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, ossicular chain, ligaments, and rarely, in the mastoid. Matrix metalloproteinases, which are involved in physiological and pathologic processes, are also likely to play a role in tympanosclerosis. In our study, we aimed to investigate the presence of MMP 2 and 9 in patients with chronic otitis media with tympanosclerosis and its possible effect on tympanosclerosis severity and prognosis. In our study, 45 patients with myringosclerosis or myringosclerosis and intratympanic sclerosis who underwent endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty due to COM (chronic otitis media) were included in the study group, and 35 patients with only COM, without tympanosclerosis, were included in the control group. Immunohistochemical staining of the mucosa samples of the eardrum and middle ear were compared with MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the study and control groups. The rate of MMP-2 staining (64.3

Bu çalışmanın amacı tiroid nodüllerinin tanısında kullanılan USG ve İİAB sonuçlarımızı bildirmektir. Araştırma retrospektif 82 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışma için hastaların verileri geriye yönelik detaylıca değerlendirilerek yaş, cinsiyet, tiroid USG ve İİAB patoloji sonuçları kayıt altına alındı. Veriler 2017 Tiroid Görüntüleme Raporlama ve Veri Sistemini(TI-RADS) sınıflamasına göre sınıflandırıldı. İİAB sitoloji sonuçlarını bildirmek için 2023 Bethesda sınıflaması kullanıldı. Tanısal olmayan kategoriye sahip sonuçlar için tekrar İİAB önerildi. Benign lezyonlar klinik ve sonografik olarak takip edildi. Belirsiz veya foliküler lezyonları olan hasta grubunda, endokrinoloji bölümüne detaylı araştırma amacıyla yönlendirildi. Malignite şüpheli ve malign olarak raporlanan nodülü olan hastalara cerrahi önerildi. Olguların 61’i kadın(%75,3), 20’si erkek(%24,7) idi. Toplam 81 hastaya, 85 İİAB yapıldı. Sonografik sonuçlara göre 8 İİAB TI-RADS 1(%9,4), 21 İİAB TI-RADS 2(%24,7), 16 İİAB TI-RADS 3(%18,8), 33 İİAB TI-RADS 4(% 38,8), 7 İİAB TI-RADS 5(%8,2) olarak sonuçlandı. Sitoloji sonuçları ise bethesda kategorisine göre 12(%14,1) İİABde tanısal olmayan, 42(%49,4) İİABde benign, 15(%17,6) İİABde önemi belirsiz atipi, 5(%5,8) İİABde foliküler neoplazi şüphesi, 7(%8,2) İİABde malignite şüphesi, 4(%5,8) İİABde malign olarak raporlandı. TI-RADS 4 olan 33 İİABnin 3’ü(%9), TI-RADS 5 olan 7 İİABnin 1’i(%14,2) Bethesda sınıflamasına göre malign olarak raporlanmıştır. TI-RADS 1, TI-RADS 2 ve TI-RADS 3 olan İİAB lerin hiçbiri malign olarak raporlanmamıştır. Bethesda sınıflamasına göre malignite şüphesi ve malign olarak raporlanan 12 hastaya total tiroidektomi önerildi. 7 hasta cerrahiyi kabul etmedi, total tiroidektomi yapılan 4 hastanın 3’ünde sonuç papiller tiroid kanseri, 2 vakada ise fokal nodüler hastalık olarak raporlandı. 1 vaka ise dış merkezde opere olmayı tercih ettiğinden dolayı sonuçlara ulaşılamadı. Tiroid nodülleri değerlendirilirken yalnızca ultrasonografik bulgulara dayanarak değil klinik şüphe ve detaylı anamnez ile şüphemizi desteklemeli ve gerekirse İİAB tetkikine yönlenmeliyiz.

Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common cancers in the skin of the head and neck region where sun exposure is the most intense. The main principle of treatment is to remove the mass with clean surgical margins. In large masses, appropriate reconstruction of the large defect should be provided. Bilobe flaps can be used to close the defects in the malar region. In this case report, the clinical features of the disease, diagnostic approach, treatment modalities and reconstruction of the defect are reviewed in a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the skin of the head and neck.

Paranasal sinus anatomy exhibits numerous variations, and preoperative awareness of these variations is essential for endoscopic sinus surgery. Concha bullosa, an air cell within the nasal turbinates, is most commonly seen in the middle turbinate, affecting 13 to 53.6% of patients. The ethmoid bulla, an air cell in the anterior ethmoid sinus, is anatomically close to the middle turbinate. We present a rare case of a giant concha bullosa containing an ethmoid bulla. A 52-year-old female presented with nasal obstruction and snoring. Examination revealed a slightly deviated septum and a giant concha bullosa in the left middle turbinate. CT scanning confirmed the concha bullosa with an ethmoid bulla inside, as well as a slightly deviated septum. Endoscopic surgery was performed to remove both the concha bullosa and ethmoid bulla. Postoperative recovery was successful, with resolution of her symptoms. Concha bullosa is classified into three types: bulbous, lamellar, and extensive, based on the extent of pneumatization. No classification currently describes a concha bullosa containing another nasal structure, such as an ethmoid bulla. Our case illustrates a unique variation. Paranasal sinus variations are common, and modern imaging allows for better preoperative planning. Recognizing both common and rare anatomical variations, such as the case presented, is crucial for safe and effective sinus surgery.

Aims: To investigate the effects of patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol (PCA-T) applicated in the postoperative inpatient period for adult tonsillectomies (TT). Methods: The records of adult TTies were retrospectively scanned. The indications, surgical technique, postoperative complaints, length of stay (LOS) and re-admissions have been recorded in both groups treated with PCA-T and conventional analgesics during inpatient period. The data was analyzed with SPSS Statistics 23 program. Results: Totally 242 patients (n=242) met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 28.47±8.44 years. PCA-T (n = 70) was mostly preferred in patients with the indications of tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) and recurrent tonsillitis (RH) + TH indications (p<0.05). In patients operated with a Plasma blade (PB), the PCA-T application rate (50.9%) was significantly higher than those operated with bipolar radiofrequency clamp (BRC) (22.1%) or cold dissection (CD) (23.0%) (p<0,001). No significant effects of PCA-T were observed on postoperative complications, LOS, and re-admission rates (p>0.05). Conclusions: Although PCA-T is more preferred for the adult TTies with an indication of TH and TTies performed with PB, it does not provide an advantage over conventional analgesic methods.

Covid-19 Pandemic had significant effects on the diagnosis and treatment process of the patients incoming to ENT (ear-nose-throat) policlinics. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the changes caused by covid-19 pandemic on the patient profiles and visiting reasons between the pre-pandemic and pandemic same periods. The data of the patients who had visited the ENT policlinics between 01.09.2020-31.12.2020 and the pre-pandemic same period (01.09.2019-31.12.2019) is collected from the automation system of our hospital and evaluated retrospectively. The number of incoming patients to ENT policlinics had decreased by 55.38% in 2020 when compared to the same period in 2019. The percentage of patients with facial paralysis is seen to increase in 2020. Both the percentage and number of patients with upper respiratory tract infections other than covid-19 and pediatric tonsillitis and adenoiditis are seen to decrease in 2020. However, it is observed that the patient incomings with upper respiratory tract infections other than the covid-19 and pediatric tonsillitis and adenoiditis are decreased because of the precautions taken to prevent the spread of the covid-19 infection, this decrease in patient incomings to the hospital is thought to have adverse effects on the diagnose and treatment of many other diseases.

Anosmia is a common symptom of COVID-19 infection. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between allergic rhinitis and eosinophil levels in patients who developed anosmia after COVID-19 infection. Patients who had experienced COVID-19 infection and subsequently developed anosmia were included in the study group, while those who had experienced COVID-19 infection but did not develop anosmia were included in the control group. The patients' allergy histories and eosinophil levels were retrospectively analyzed. Our study revealed a significant difference in eosinophil levels between patients with and without anosmia (p<0.05). Additionally, among 55 patients with pre-existing allergic rhinitis, 43 (78.2%) had normal or high eosinophil levels. There was no significant relationship found between age, gender, the most common presenting symptom, hospitalization status, presence of allergic rhinitis and asthma before COVID-19 and increase in allergic symptoms after COVID-19 infection, in patients with and without anosmia.While we did not find a relationship between the presence of allergic rhinitis and the development of anosmia, our study did show that eosinopenia is more pronounced in patients with anosmia. Furthermore, it has been suggested that eosinopenia may not be a suitable marker for patients with allergic symptoms before COVID-19, as these patients may have normal or high eosinophil levels.

Aims: Endotracheal tube (ETT) design, size, cuff material, cuff pressure, and intubation duration are critical in preventing nosocomial pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the possible infection focus potential of ETT cuff and pilot balloon, particularly in prolonged intubated patients. Methods: A total number of 66 patients who underwent orotracheal intubation and received conventional mechanical ventilation more than 48 hours in the intensive care unit (ICU), were included in this prospective cohort study. Results:The mean duration of intubation was 10.36±4.82 days. Bacteriologically confirmed positive tracheal aspirate culture was 18.2% (n=12). The most frequent positive culture was detected inside of ETT lumen with a percentage of 83.3% (n=55) and followed by cuff (27.3%, n=18), pilot balloon (13.6%, n=9), respectively. It was documented that rates of lung infections were significantly increased after 14 days (p = 0.017) and rates of cuff positive cultures were significantly increased after 10 and 14 days of incubation (p= 0.001, p=0.004). The same type of bacteriological strains was identified from both pilot balloon (n=9) and ETT cuff (n=9), simultaneously. In the remaining 9-cuff positive patients pilot balloons were sterile and ETT lumens were positive culture with the same strains as identified from the cuff. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the intubation duration and the number of infected ETT parts (p<0.001). Conclusion: ETT cuff was demonstrated to be a potential infection focus in the present study. In addition, it was observed that ETT cuff colonization increased in proportion to the intubation duration. We suggest changing ETT at appropriate time intervals in order to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients.

Abstract Objectives The aim of our study was to investigate the representation of women in the editorial boards of otorhinolaryngology journals indexed in the Science Citation Index‐Expanded (SCIE) database. Methods We examined the gender distribution of editors‐in‐chief, editorial board members, and associate/section editors in otorhinolaryngology journals indexed in the Web of Science SCI‐E core collection. We also analyzed the number of years the journals have been publishing, their categories (general otorhinolaryngology, otology‐audiology, phoniatrics, rhinology‐allergy), the country and continent of publication, the Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) 2021 values, 2‐year and 5‐year impact factors (IF), H‐index, and quartile rank of the journals. Results Out of the 54 editors‐in‐chief included in our study from a total of 44 journals, only 6 (11.1%) were women. Women constituted 21.6% of the editorial board members and 35.1% of the associate/section editors. The proportion of women in the editorial boards of journals with a 5‐year impact factor >3.0 was significantly higher compared to others. As the 5‐year impact factor of the journals increased, the number of women in the boards showed a linear increase. When evaluated based on journal categories, phoniatrics journals had higher representation of women in both editorial board membership and associate/section editor roles compared to other categories. Conclusion The representation of women in the editorial boards of otorhinolaryngology journals is still inadequate. To rectify this situation, it is important for the entire academic community to exhibit a collective attitude rather than individual efforts. Level of Evidence 2.

SUMMARY Objectives In this study, the damage caused by button batteries (BB) trapped in the ear canal (EC) and strategies to reduce this damage before their removal were investigated in vitro. Methods After four EC models prepared from freshly frozen cadaveric bovine ears were thawed, 3 V lithium BBs were placed in the channels. After a three-hour period of preliminary damage, nothing was applied to the first EC model, the second EC model underwent saline administration, the third EC model underwent boric acid administration, and the fourth EC model underwent the administration of 3% acetic acid. The voltage, tissue temperature, and pH of the BBs were measured. The BBs were removed at the end of the 24th hour, and the EC models were examined by a pathologist. Results The greatest decrease in pH was detected in the fourth EC model in which acetic acid was administered. The depth of necrosis was 854 μm in the first EC model, 1858 μm in the second EC model, and 639 μm in the third EC model at the end of the 24th hour. No necrosis was detected in the fourth EC model. Conclusions Lithium BBs can cause alkaline tissue damage in a short time in cadaveric EC models. pH neutralisation strategies appear to be experimentally successful under in vitro conditions.

Objective:Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent with an ototoxic effect that is frequently used in head and neck cancers. There are studies in the literature conducted with various antioxidant substances to protect and/or prevent ototoxicity. This study aims to investigate whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has a protective and therapeutic effect on cisplatin ototoxicity.Methods:A total of 40 Sprague Dawley albino rats were divided into six groups as control group (n=6), PRP-only group (n=6), cisplatin group (n=6), cisplatin + PRP group (n=6), PRP + cisplatin group (n=6), and donor group (n=10). At the beginning of the study and the 8th day, they were tested with distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Assessment of DPOAE results was based on the signal-to-noise ratio in 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz frequency bands. On the 8th day, the rats were sacrificed. For histological examinations, the temporal bones were dissected and fixed. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, the tissues were evaluated by light microscopy.Results:In the DPOAE tests performed on the 0th and 8th days of the cisplatin group, it was observed that cisplatin caused hearing loss in the rat ears. It was determined that the cisplatin group at 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz and 4000 Hz had a significant decrease in hearing compared to all groups (p<0.015), while the cisplatin group at 6000 and 8000 Hz was characterized by hearing loss at a higher rate than all groups (p<0.001). At the end of the study, negative effects of cisplatin on both cellular dimensions (cytoplasmic vacuolization, cell degeneration, dilatation, apoptotic cells, nerve degeneration) and hearing function were observed. No protective or therapeutic effect of PRP on cisplatin ototoxicity was observed.Conclusion:Our study showed that platelet-rich plasma did not have a significant effect in the treatment of hearing loss due to cisplatin ototoxicity and in preventing hearing loss in rats.

Aims: In this study, it was aimed to determine preoperative anxiety levels, related factors, the relationship between health literacy and anxiety in parents of pediatric patients. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the parents of children who will be operated in a tertiary hospital between 15 June and 15 September 2022. The number of 82 people were included in the study. Information form introducing children and families, Health Literacy Scale(HLS), State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) questionnaires were applied to parents. p<0.05 was considered significant in statistical analysis. Results: The state anxiety score of the parents participating in the study was 37.51±9.50, trait anxiety score was 42.55±8.83, HLS 45.46±14.34. Preoperative state anxiety level of mothers(39.63±9.97) was higher than that of fathers(34.36±8.71)(p=0.040), trait anxiety level was similar(p=0.189), mothers' health literacy(40.36±11.11) was found to be lower (48.11±15.19) than fathers(p=0.019). The state anxiety level of parents whose income is equal to expenditure was found to be the lowest(33.43±7.33)(p<0.001). While the state anxiety score was found to be significantly lower(p=0.024), the trait anxiety score was similar(p=0.560) and the health literacy score was higher(p=0.042), among the parents who had knowledge about anesthesia. The relationship between state anxiety score and health literacy score was negative and significant(p<0.001). Conclusion: It is seen that the anxiety levels of parents with low health literacy increase before the surgery. It is important to know the factors related to the anxiety levels of the parents before the surgery.

Since acoustic neuromas (AN) are slow-growing tumors, they frequently reduce patients' quality of life by compressing adjacent nerves. After evaluating various factors, the most appropriate treatment for the patient is preferred among follow-up, surgery, or radiotherapy. Surgery and radiotherapy have been shown to have comparable results in AN. Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has long emerged as a viable option for treating intracranial tumors. Thus, it was aimed to determine the local control rate (LCR), and treatment failure and to evaluate the hearing level and facial nerve symptoms in AN treated with SRT. Forty-five patients were treated consecutively with CyberKnife-SRT between January 2014 and December 2021. Tumors were anatomically classified according to Koos grade; patients presenting with hearing impairment were graded according to the Gardner-Robertson (GR) scale and patients’ expressions. Loss of function in the facial nerve was also evaluated according to the House-Brackman scale. SRT was applied to 24 patients with 12 Gy/1 fx, 18 with 18 Gy/3 fx, and 3 with 25 Gy/5 fx. At a median follow-up of 24 months (2-73), progression was detected in 4 (8.9%) patients. None required additional intervention, and no treatment failure was observed (0%). Tumor control was achieved in 91.1% of the patients; 2-y and 5-y LCR were 91.2% and 79.8%. It was observed that 3 (30%) out of 10 patients who had serviceable hearing according to the GR scale at the beginning were non-serviceable hearing during the follow-up. Transient facial paralysis was observed in 3 (6.7%) patients. No statistically significant factor could be detected in LCR, hearing, and facial nerve preservation. Our findings are similar to previous SRT data regarding LCR, treatment failure, hearing preservation, and facial nerve impairment. SRT is an effective treatment method for AN with reasonable results.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory and systemic zoonosis form caused by a virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family. Although several studies have shown the otolaryngology symptoms are affected in COVID-19 patients, the number of studies regarding the COVID-19 effects on voice is limited. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on voice objectively - subjectively and compare it with the control group. 50 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 50 healthy individuals were included in the study as study and control group, respectively. All subjects were trained to vocalize a continuous/a/ vocal pattern at speech sound intensity for Maximum Phonation Time. Voice samples were recorded using a Sony (ICD-PX470) audio recorder and analyzed by the Praat program. Dysphonia grades were ranked on 4-point scales (grade: 0=none; 1= mild; 2= moderate; 3=severe). It is seen from the results that, there were significant differences between the male and female participants in acoustic parameters of fundamental frequency (F0) (p<0.001), shimmer and mean harmonic to noise ratio (HNR) (p=0.011). There was also a significant difference in F0 values of infected and healthy participants (p=0.008). However, there was no significant interaction between gender and health status in any acoustic parameters (p>0.05). The degree of thoracic computed tomography (CT) involvement had no significant effect on parameters (p>0.05), while there was a weak positive relationship between the duration of hospitalization and F0 (rs=0.397, p=0.004). Dysphonia was positively associated with health status (rs=0. 682, p<0.001), and female infected participants reported more frequent dysphonia than males. In our study, we examined the effect of COVID-19 on voice both objectively and subjectively and evaluated the relationship between CT involvement and duration of hospitalization, which made our study more reliable. Future studies with larger and more specific patient groups to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and dysphonia will shed a light on the subject.

Material and MethodsThis study was performed with 76 patients who underwent open septorhinoplasty between January 2016 and December 2017 in a tertiary referral hospital.The patients included were those aged over 18 years with ASA score I-II, without a known systemic disease, with no history of peptic ulcer, allergy, chronic pain, routine analgesic use or analgesic use in the last 24 hours, and without sensitivity to NSAID agents.Written consent was obtained from all patients included in the study.

Kulak Burun Boğaz bölgesi kanser olarak yaygın ve geniş bir alan olup multidisipliner yaklaşım ve tedavi gerektirmektedir. Eserimizde Baş boyun bölgesi kanserlerine güncel bir yaklaşım ile sınıflamadan tedaviye düzensel bir yaklaşım içinde oluşturmayı hedefledik. Başta Türk Kulak Burun Boğaz hastalıkları camiasına ve Türk tıp dünyasına bu kitabın kazandırılmasından ve faydalı olmasını umuyoruz. Nazofarenks Kanserine Yaklaşım Gözde ORHAN KUBAT Paranazal Sinüs Malignitelerine Yaklaşım Tuğba TULACI Kamil Gökçe TULACI Nazal Kavite Tümörleri Ozan TÜYSÜZ İnverted Papillom Caner ŞAHİN Olfaktör Nöroblastom (ESTHESIONEUROBLASTOM) Yaklaşım Umur AKINER Jüvenil Anjiofibroma Yaklaşımı Erkan YILDIZ Dudak Kanserleri Yaklaşım Sultan ŞEVİK ELİÇORA Oral Kavite Kanserlerine Yaklaşım Ömer Faruk ÇUFALI Ali Rıza YAĞMUR Orofaringeal Kanserler Ömer Tarık SELÇUK Larenks Bölgesi Tümörlerinin Patolojik Özellikleri Yavuz GÜNDOĞDU Hipofarinks Kanserlerine Yaklaşım Şükrü AYDIN Supraglottik Larenks Kanserleri Yaklaşımı Ergün SEVİL Glottik Kanserlere Yaklaşım Murat KAR Subglottik Larenks Kanserleri ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları Hüseyin GÜNİZİ Özlem Ceren GÜNİZİ Özofagus Kanserleri Duran KARATAŞ Kutanöz Malign Melanoma Yaklaşım Seçkin AYDIN SAVAŞ Mukozal Melanom Caner ŞAHİN Baş Boyun Lenfomalarına Yaklaşım İsmail DEMİR Benign Tükürük Bezi Tümörlerine Yaklaşım Seda ARSLAN Tükrük Bezi Malign Neoplazmları Ethem İLHAN Vestibüler Schwannom Yaklaşım Ahmet Mahmut TEKİN Dış Kulak Tümörleri Meltem TULĞAR Baş Boyun Cildi Melanom Dışı Kanserleri Öznur GÜNDÜZ Şeyda AKBAL ÇUFALI Baş Boyun Paragangliomalarında Tedavi Yaklaşımı Turgut ÇELİK Baş-Boyun Yumuşak Doku Sarkomları Mustafa GÜLLÜEV Baş-Boyun Kemik Sarkomları Yusuf Çağdaş KUMBUL Tiroid Diferansiye Tümörleri Yaklaşımı Bilal SİZER Medüller Tiroid Kanserine Yaklaşım Derya CEBECİ Anaplastik Tiroid Kanseri Elif AKYOL ŞEN Boynun Primeri Bilinmeyen Metastatik Kanserleri Esra KAVAZ UŞTU Parafarengeal Alan Kitleleri Abdullah KINAR Temporal Kemik Tümörlerine Yaklaşım Fatih YÜCEDAĞ Baş Boyun Kanserlerinde Boyuna Yaklaşım Ali Can SUNGUR Baş Boyun Tümörlerinde Genel Radyoterapi İlkeleri ve Güncel Yaklaşımlar Ayşe ÇEÇEN Baş Boyun Tümörlerinde Genel Kemoterapi İlkeleri Asude ÜNAL