Aquaponic system is one of the modern systems that have been used to make the most of the water, in addition to integrating the agriculture of plants and fish together in one production system. It is an innovative, sustainable technology and environmentally friendly. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the growth performance of Nile tilapia under the aquaponic system for a period of 42 days and to examine the effect of system type (aquaponic and hydroponic systems) and water flow rate of (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 L/min) on the growth performance of lettuce plants grown in deep water culture technique (DWC) and nutrient film technique (NFT). The obtained results for fish indicated that fish weight, fish length and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were increased during the experimental periods. The results obtained for lettuce plants indicated that root length of the lettuce gradually increased with increasing water flow rates and growth period. the root growth rate was higher in aquaponic system than in hydroponic system. The nutrients consumption rate, water use efficiency and lettuce yield were increased with an increase in the water flow rate from 0.5 to 1.5 L/min and a decrease in the water flow rate from 1.5 to 2.5 L/min. The former parameters were higher in the hydroponic system than in the aquaponic system except for the rate of sodium consumption. The hydraulic loading rate was increased with increasing the water flow rate while the nutrient uptake time decreased with increasing the water

: Wheat production and storage has become one of the most important issues facing Egypt at present and the future due to the lack of suitable storage structures, which leads to large losses in food grains. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in wheat grain quality that may occur during storage in different vertical cylindrical silos with identical dimensions and sizes provided with mechanical aeration strategy, fiberglass silo, (FG), plastic silo (PE), and galvanized steel (GS) silo. Freshly harvested grains of wheat variety (Giza 171) was stored in these silos for 12 months during the period from (June 2020 to June 2021) at the Department of Agricultural, Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University. Performance evaluation was done in comparison to conventional silos constructed from galvanized steel (GS) by monitoring temperature and relative humidity inside the silos at various locations inside the silos every hour. Samples were analyzed before storage and after every 2 months for observation the change in the quality of wheat grains in terms of physical parameters (grain moisture content, linear dimensions (length, width, and thickness), volume, calculated surface area, sphericity, bulk, and true density, porosity, and thousand grains weight), mechanical properties included angle of repose, static shear stress, hardness and coefficient of static friction against three structural surfaces (Plywood, while dough extensibility (L) ( 113.57 mm), falling number (331.86 sec) was recorded highest in grain samples collected from galvanized steel bin followed by fiberglass bin and plastic bin. The quality properties of wheat grains remained within the reference range during the storage period and the wheat grain stored in the fiberglass bin showed better quality characteristics as compared to other storage methods. Hence, the adoption of fiberglass bins should be encouraged in the developing countries.

In recent decades, the quality and safety of fruits, vegetables, cereals, meats, milk, and their derivatives from processed foods have become a serious issue for consumers in developed as well as developing countries. Undoubtedly, the traditional methods of inspecting and ensuring quality that depends on the human factor, some mechanical and chemical methods, have proven beyond any doubt their inability to achieve food quality and safety, and thus a failure to achieve food security. With growing attention on human health, the standards of food safety and quality are continuously being improved through advanced technology applications that depend on artificial intelligence tools to monitor the quality and safety of food. One of the most important of these applications is imaging technology. A brief discussion in this chapter on the utilize of multiple imaging systems based on all different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum as a principal source of various imaging systems. As well as methods of analyzing and reading images to build intelligence and non-destructive systems for monitoring and measuring the quality of foods.

Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 infection became a worldwide devastating health issue starting in December 2019 in China and then gradually was a global pandemic. PTSD after recovery from COVID-19 has been correlated to sleep problems, high anxiety level and depressive manifestations. These sleep problems have their drastic effect on the recovered patients’ quality of life including physical, psychological and social domains. Objectives 1-To investigate the sleep in the post Coronavirus -19 period 2-If has an impact on the different items of patients’ quality of life. Methods 1-Socio-demographic characteristics of 500 recovered COVID-19 patients 2-Insomnia Severity index a brief scale evaluating the patient’s insomnia. The ISI evaluates the subjective complaints and results of insomnia as well as the level of dysfunctions from these sleep disturbances 3-Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI):The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a scale that study the subjective sleep quality and different domains of sleep over a period of 1-month 4-Quality Of Life (QOL) by the SF36 Health Survey is a 36-item -report survey that evaluate eight domains of physical and mental wellbeing ranging from 0 to 100. Results The mean score of insomnia severity index was 13.01±4.9.Regarding Pittsburgh sleep quality index ,Sum of seven component scores was 15.37±4.43.Also QOL SF36 showed higher scores of the 8 domains including physical and mental Conclusions High score of insomnia and sleep disturbances during the recovery period of COVID-19 infection which affecting the Quality Of Life Disclosure No significant relationships.

The assessment and assurance of the quality attributes of dates is a key factor in increasing the competitiveness and consumer acceptance of this fruit. The increasing demand for date fruits requires a rapid and automated method for monitoring and analyzing the quality attributes of date fruits to replace the conventional methods used by inspection which limits the production and involves human errors. Moisture content (MC), dry matter content (DMC), and firmness (F) are three important quality attributes for two date cultivars (Khalas and Sukkari) that have been inspected using the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique based on the reflectance mode. Images of intact date fruits at the maturity stage Tamr were obtained within the wavelength range of 950–1750 nm. Monitoring and assessment of MC, DMC, and F [first maximum rupture force (MF, N)] were performed using a partial least squares regression model. Accurate prediction models were attained. The results highlight that the coefficients of determination (R2 Prediction) are estimated to be 0.91 and 0.89 for MC, DMC, and F (N) with the lowest values of the standard error of prediction (SEP) equal to 0.82, 0.81 (%), and 4.12 (N), respectively, and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) values were 3.65, 3.69, and 3.42 for MC, DMC, and F (N), respectively. The results obtained from this preliminary study indicate the great potential of applying HSI for the assessment of physical, chemical, and sensory quality attributes of date fruits overall in the five maturity stages.

AbstractRheumatic diseases have many classification criteria and management guidelines that are continuously being updated in order to improve the quality of healthcare provision. With these ever-evolving criteria and guidelines, practicing clinicians need an easy way to get to the core of these updates and to retain them in an easy and memorable way. Classification criteria are meant to differentiate between similar diseases and also to confirm or rule out a certain disease based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The diagnosis of rheumatic diseases can be challenging since many clinical signs and symptoms as well as many laboratory markers are not specific and can be positive in many diseases.

The objective of this study was to design the trickle irrigation system by compensating emitters (Katif) and The experimental work was carried out in the experimental farm of faculty of Agriculture, Menufia university during 2018.A field experiment was conducted for 50 m and 75 m of lateral length with outer diameter 16mm and φ13.6mm inner diameter under discharges of (2,4and 8 L/h) and spacing between emitters 0 .5 m.Several points were taken 2 m apart into considerations, such as emitter characteristic friction losses, manufacturing variation, discharge and hydraulic variation.Emitters were tested at 50 ,100 ,150and 200 kpa to determine the pressure -discharge relationship and the uniformity parameters.The found results showed that the exponent values for the compensating emitters under study ranged from 0.06 to 0.2.The measured coefficients of manufacturing variation values for compensating emitters were in the excellent class.As such the variation of discharge through these laterals is restricted by limiting their number to have emission uniformity, EU, greater than 90%.

1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 2Internal Medicine Department, Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Alzaidi Chair of Research in Rheumatic Diseases, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Background: National Registries are essential to direct current practice. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) registries in the middle east and North Africa remain scarcely represented. Objective: To describe a population of Saudi RA patients and to compare the findings to internationally reported data. Methods: This is an observational study that was conducted at Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital (DSFH) in Saudi Arabia. The study ran from 2014 to 2018 using a pool of 433 patients. Inclusion criteria included adults older than 18 years of age who fulfilled the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria for the diagnosis of RA and who were also regular visitors in our rheumatology clinics. Data were collected directly from patients and entered in a specially designed program. Results: At initial presentation, 45.5% had demonstrated active disease (moderate or high disease activity) based on DAS-28-CRP scores, while 54.5% were in low disease activity or remission. The remission rates after 1 year had increased to 79.6% (345 patients), while 9.7% (42 patients) and 10.6% (46 patients) had low disease activity and moderate disease activity, respectively. It was also found that the female gender, higher Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and longer lag1/lag2 periods were associated with higher disease activity in our population. Conclusion: We detected higher remission rates at 1 year of follow-up. This could be attributed to many factors, including good referral systems with easier access to biologics. We aim to expand this registry to the national level.

National Registries are essential to direct current practice and design appropriate management strategies1. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) registries in the middle east and north Africa remain scarcely represented2.Our objective is to describe the Saudi RA population and to compare the findings to internationally reported data.This is a cross sectional, analytical study that was conducted at Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital (DSFH). The study ran from December of 2014 and concluded in December of 2018 using a pool of 433 patients. Inclusion criteria included adults older than 18 years of age who fulfilled the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria for diagnosis of RA3. Data were collected from patients and entered in a specially designed program for this registry. They included main demographic details,, lag times to final disease diagnosis. Disease Activity Score-28-C Reactive Protein (DAS-28-CRP) was calculated on presentation and on subsequent visits with intervals ranging from three to six months between them. Multiple regression model was used to assess the predictors of disease activity. We charted the lines of medications given, including conventional and biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), following treat to target strategies4.Out of 430 patients, 76.68% were female, while only 23.32% were male and the mean age was found to be 49.26 years with SD±11.At initial presentation, 45.5% had demonstrated active disease (moderate or high disease activity) based on DAS-28-CRP scores while 54.5% were in remission or low disease activity. Out of the total number of clinic visitors, 330 had regular follow ups for more than 1 year while 103 patients were either irregularly visiting the rheumatology clinic or had lost follow up. The remission rates after 1 year had increased to 79.7% (263 patients), while 9.7% (32 patients) had low disease activity and no patients had sustained high disease activity at the end of follow up. It was also found that the female gender, higher Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and a longer lag1/lag2 period were associated with higher disease activity in our population. Biologic medications had been used by 129 patients (29.7%) while conventional DMARDs were given to 304 patients (70.3%).We described a population of RA patients in a single center in SA. We detected higher remission rates at one year of follow up. This could be attributed to many factors, including good referral systems and treat to target strategies with easier access to biologic medications.[1]Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL Jr, Akl EA, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Vaysbrot E, McNaughton C, Osani M, Shmerling RH, Curtis JR, Furst DE, Parks D, Kavanaugh A, O’Dell J, King C, Leong A, Matteson EL, Schousboe JT, Drevlow B, Ginsberg S, Grober J, St Clair EW, Tindall E, Miller AS, McAlindon T. 2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis Rheumatol.2016 Jan;68(1):1-26.[2]Smolen, Josef S., et al. “EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update.”Annals of the rheumatic diseases73.3 (2014): 492-509.[3]Saag KG, Teng GG, Patkar NM, Anuntiyo J, Finney C, Curtis JR, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum2008;59: 762–84.[4]Hussain W, Noorwali A, Janoudi N. From symptoms to diagnosis: an observational study of the journey of rheumatoid arthritis patients in Saudi Arabia.Oman Med J.2016;31(1):29.Rola Hassan Grant/research support from: Pfizer pharmaceuticals, Mohamed Cheikh Grant/research support from: Pfizer pharmaceuticals, Hani Almoallim Grant/research support from: Pfizer pharmaceuticals, Hanan Faruqui Grant/research support from: Pfizer pharmaceuticals, Reem AlQuraa Grant/research support from: Pfizer pharmaceuticals, Ayman Eissa Grant/research support from: Pfizer pharmaceuticals, Aous Alhazmi Grant/research support from: Pfizer pharmaceuticals, Nahid Janoudi Grant/research support from: Pfizer pharmaceuticals

Background: Since the first case of SARS-CoV 2 has been reported from Wuhan China back in December 2019, the virus has spread all over the world and has so far infected more than 35 million humans and led to more than one million deaths woldwide. We describe in this paper the clinical characteristics and outcome of PCR confirmed Covid 19 patients that were admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Retrospective review of patients that had positive PCR on nasopharyngeal swab for SARS Cov2 and that were admitted and discharged from a tertiary care hospital in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between March and July 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were collected. The clinical course of patients was reviewed. Risk factors for involvement of lower respiratory tract (Pneumonia), for need for ICU and for death were analyzed. Results: The records of total of 395 patients were reviewed. 15% of Covid 19 patients in our population were completely asymptomatic, one quarter of which had abnormalities on chest imaging. Among the patients with one or more Covid 19 symptoms, 75% had lower respiratory tract involvement and one quarter had normal chest imaging. One third of all patients developed leukopenia and around 2 thirds had lymphocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia was not common (occurred in 15%), 29% of our patients had CRP>10 and 25.1% had elevated ALT (not exceeding 5 times upper normal). Nine percent of our patients needed ICU admission, 3.8% needed mechanical ventilation. 9 patients (2.3%) in our population died. Advancing age, increasing BMI, and smoking history were significantly associated with increased mortality. Developing abnormalities on chest imaging (Pneumonia) was significantly associated with increasing BMI, advancing age, not receiving BCG vaccination at birth, history of smoking and presence of co-morbidities (p value less 0.05 with all these variables). Blood group and presence of co-morbidities was significantly associated with need for ICU care but not with mortality. In our population neither ethnicity, nor gender, had significant association with hospital course or outcome, and no one younger than 45 years and no one with BMI less than 24 died. Conclusion: Advancing age, increasing BMI and history of smoking were found to be significant risk factors for mortality in our population. History of Bacille calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination was significantly associated with less involvement of lower respiratory tract but had no significant association with final outcome. Asymptomatic Covid 19 is more of a silent active infection rather than a silent inactive carrier state.

Background: National Registries are essential to direct current practice. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) registries in the middle east and North Africa remain scarcely represented. Objective: To describe a population of Saudi RA patients and to compare the findings to internationally reported data. Methods: This is an observational study that was conducted at Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital (DSFH) in Saudi Arabia. The study ran from 2014 to 2018 using a pool of 433 patients. Inclusion criteria included adults older than 18 years of age who fulfilled the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria for the diagnosis of RA and who were also regular visitors in our rheumatology clinics. Data were collected directly from patients and entered in a specially designed program. Results: At initial presentation, 45.5% had demonstrated active disease (moderate or high disease activity) based on DAS-28-CRP scores, while 54.5% were in low disease activity or remission. The remission rates after 1 year had increased to 79.6% (345 patients), while 9.7% (42 patients) and 10.6% (46 patients) had low disease activity and moderate disease activity, respectively. It was also found that the female gender, higher Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and longer lag1/lag2 periods were associated with higher disease activity in our population. Conclusion: We detected higher remission rates at 1 year of follow-up. This could be attributed to many factors, including good referral systems with easier access to biologics. We aim to expand this registry to the national level.

Eggplant was dried under different microwave power and sample thicknesses to study their effect on quality properties (color parameters (L, a and ∆E), browning index and firmness) of eggplant slices. Eggplant slices were dried by microwave using microwave powers (450 W, 630 W and 810 W) and 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 cm of eggplant thicknesses. The results showed that, the higher L value was 43.23 occurred when drying eggplant slices with thickness 0.5 cm and microwave oven power 450 watt at 2.29% moisture content before burning. The higher a value was 13.66 occurred when drying eggplant slices with thickness 2 cm and microwave oven power 810 watt at 2.07 % moisture content before burning. The ∆E varied from 5.54 to 33.09 at 0.5 cm of eggplant slices thicknesses and 450 Watt of microwave power. The higher (BI) value was 573.98 occurred when drying eggplant slices with thickness 2 cm and microwave oven power 810 watt. The higher and the lower final firmness value were 41.3 N and 28.45 N occurred when drying eggplant slices at thickness 0.5 and 2 cm and microwave oven power 450 watt respectively.

—This paper presents an intelligent over-vibration simulation and protection preference for three phase medium and high power induction motor. Three phase induction motor is widely used in industry because they are rugged, reliable and economical.Monitoring and over-vibration protection of machines can avoid consequential damage and avoid its consequences.The effect of three main different abnormal operating cases which are rotor unbalance,shaft coupling misalignment and torque pulsations on the rotor vibration are examined.The results are collected and evaluated for motor status. Rotor unbalance and shaft coupling misalignment will cause radial vibrations,while torque pulsations will cause torsional vibrations.The vibration analysis and simulation is calculated using matlab(m-file)to produce the different vibration waves.Fuzzy logic technique is utilized in determining machine vibration source ,and if vibration displacement (r.m.s) at bearing exceeds limits,then fuzzy will feed a relay to trip machine.The fuzzy is programmed by the output of the simulation(m-file). A case study of 5100 kW motor was used in rotor vibration modeling,rotor stiffness and damping values were calculated. Fuzzy logic as an artificial intelligence technique can be used as a vibration monitoring and protection tool.

The agricultural crop residuals are considered one of the most important problems, which face the environmental life and farmers in the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm stalks (fronds and leaflets). These properties are necessary to apply normal design procedures such as pneumatic conveying, fluidization, drying, and combustion. The mechanical treatment by cutting, crushing or chopping and briquetting processes are the primary step and the suitable solution for solving this problem and recycling these residuals to be transformed into useful products. So the aim of the present work to get a high quality for agriculture residues such as date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes. The results obtained from measuring the mechanical properties (average shear and compressive strength) for date palm stalks at different moisture content (12.63, 33.21 and 60.54%) was (6.4, 4.7 and 3.21MPa) and (3.8, 3.18 and 2.86MPa) respectively. The modulus of elasticity and toughness were evaluated as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content of the stalk regions increased the modulus of elasticity and toughness decreased indicating a reduction in the brittleness of the stalk regions. Chopped date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets having moisture content (8, 10 and 12%) and (8, 10 and 12.8% w.b.) were dandified into briquettes without binder and with binder (Urea-Formaldehyde) using a screw press machine. Quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission. The optimum quality properties found for briquettes at 8% moisture content and without binder. Where the highest compression stress and durability were 8.95, 10.39 MPa and 97.06%, 93.64% for date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes, respectively. The CO and CO 2 emissions for date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes were less than these for loose residuals.

Uniform storage conditions in cold stores are difficult to attain in practice. All storage facilities have one thing in common, the need for proper humidity control. High product and air temperatures and moistures are often observed in certain positions of a cold room leading to deterioration of food quality and safety. To reduce food losses, it is necessary to understand heat and mass transfers. The aim of this study was control of relative humidity inside cold rooms at 90 and 95% and it compared with other cold room without control of relative humidity to improve the optimum cooling condition and 1°C of all cooling rooms. A simplified model was used for describing and predicted the trend of heat and mass transfer of Anna apples (product and air temperatures and weight losses) at different zones in the cold room. Temperature and velocity of air and apples measurements were carried out inside cold room filled with four apple pallets. The result showed that, Good agreement between the predicted and experimental results was found for both final average Anna apple temperature and weight loss inside cold room.

This study was carried out in one of compost factories in Sadat city Menoufia, Governorate in 2011. Basically these studies aimed to identify engineering studies on agricultural residuals recycling. These agricultural residuals are: Fields wastes (shredded rice straw), Animals wastes (manure) and Food processing wastes, sugar cane factories wastes (press-mud). The composting was aerobic; the mechanical turning was done by turning machine which traced with tractor by the rear shaft PTO. Then temperature, moisture content, reducing ratio, composting period and final product were measured. From results found, the temperature reaches its maximum quickly when piles turning three times per week for all piles, the moisture content decrease with increasing the composting period and frequently turning, the reducing ratio decrease with decrease the composting period, the higher product was at the higher frequently turning and the composting period was decrease with increasing the frequently turning.

Comprehensive evaluation of dynamic impact (free fall) of potato tubers were conducted to ascertain relation of drop height, impact surface, water irrigation also the size of tubers on impact parameters such as (bruise area, impact energy, absorbed energy, coefficient of restitution and dynamic stiffness factor). In addition, five different impact surfaces were used namely (cardboard, wood, steel, plastic and foam) on the platform of the equipment. Potato tubers under different water irrigation (fresh water and treated water) were divided into two mass groups (90 -180 g), M1, and (1- 90 g), M2. Tubers dropped from four heights (40, 30, 20, 10 cm) onto the different surfaces and the different impact parameters were measured. Results showed impact damage measured in terms of bruise diameter is highly influenced by the impact surfaces. Steel surface inflicted the greatest impact damage on the tubers. Impact energy of tuber is greatly influenced by drop height and mass of tuber. Tuber, which dropped from heights (40 cm), absorbed the greatest energy indicating that they suffered the most impact damage. Dynamic stiffness factor for tuber was decreased by increasing storage period. Tuber with low dynamic stiffness factor led to more absorbed energy than tuber with higher dynamic stiffness factor. Moreover, designers of potato harvesters, packaging materials, processing plants and handlers of potato tubers to reduce mechanical damage, especially those due to impact and ensure good quality products, can use results obtained.