The world health organization estimates that a staggering 2 billion people harbor parasitic worm infections. Parasitic worms also infect livestock and crops, affecting food production with a resultant economic impact. Development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants has an alternative source of anthelmintics. In view of this, an attempt has been made to study the anthelmintic activity of whole plant of Cissampelos pareira. The activity was checked by in-vitro anthelmintic model by using earthworm. In this current study, alcoholic and aqueous extract at various concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 mg/ml) were used and studied for paralysis and death of earthworm. All the extract was found not only to paralyze (Vermifuge) but also to kill the earthworm (vermicide). All the extract have significant activity but aqueous extract (100mg/ml) was found to be more effective to execute the earthworm. From this study it is concluded that Cissampelos pareira have potent anthelmintic activity and can be used in the treatment of helminthiasis.

General phytochemical screening of Cissampelospareira(Menispermaceae) revealed thepresence of sterols, polyphenolic compounds, saponins, alkaloids etc. The aim of this study is toidentify and characterize the bioactive principle from the plant. It has wide folk medicinal uses.The isolation and characterization of Phytoconstituent was done from the chloroform extract ofCissampelospareiraLinn. Chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatography andeluted with solvent mixtures of petroleum ether, benzene and chloroform to isolatephytoconstituent. The structure of the isolated compound was established on the basis ofelemental analysis and spectroscopic evidences (IR, UV, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, MS). A sterol, stigmast-5-en-3_-ol was isolated from the chloroform extract of the plant. The yield of thecompound was 0.0042% w/w, m.p. 136- 1380C, Rf value 0.7 in Toluene: diethylether:Cyclohexane (6:3:1). Cissampelospareiracontains _-sitosterol which may be responsible forvarious pharmacological activities of the plant.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Vitex leucoxylon Linn. in various animal experimental models. Materials and Methods: Ethyl acetate extract of V. leucoxylon Linn. evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan, mediator-induced rat paw edema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. The antipyretic activity was evaluated by yeast-induced pyrexia model. Results: Single administration of the ethyl acetate extract of V. leucoxylon Linn. at dose of 500 mg/kg p.o. showed significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of rat paw edema. The ethyl acetate extract showed significant antipyretic activity in brewer yeast-induced pyrexia in rats throughout the observation period of 4 h. Conclusion: This study shows that ethyl acetate extract of V. leucoxylon Linn. has significant anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity.

Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ethanol and Aqueous extract of shade dried leaves of Stachytarpheta indica L. (Vahl) were subjected for phytochemical studies. Ethanolic extract showed the presence of Carbohydrates, Glycosides and Flavanoids. Most of the active constituents were present in Ethanolic extract and hence extract was further evaluated for hepatoprotective activity. Hepatoprotective activity of Ethanolic extract of Stachytarpheta indica L. (Vahl) was evaluated by carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity with standard hepatoprotective drug as Liv-52. Ethanolic extract of Stachytarpheta indica L. (Vahl) produced reduction in CCl4

The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of the bark of Vitex leucoxylon Linn. was studied in albino wistar rats using the Carageenan induced rat paw edema model. The ethanolic and aqueous extract of Vitex leucoxylon (500 mg/kg p.o.) inhibited Carageenan induced rat paw edema. The extract was also studied for its preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies. The result indicated that both the extract produced significant (P<0.001) anti-inflammatory activity when compared with the standard drug Indomethacin (10 mg/ kg p. o.) and untreated control. Phyto-chemical screening showed the presence of various constituent like phenolic compounds, phytosterol, protein, flavonoids, carbohydrate etc.

The potential uses of large number of herbal drugs are limited due to their poor absorption and poor bioavailability after oral administration. The bioavailability can be improved by formulating a appropriate drug delivery system, which can enhance the rate and the extent of drug absorption across the lipoid biomembrane. Phospholipids based drug delivery system have been found promising for better and effective delivery of drug and providing much appropriate systematic drug delivery. The phospholipid molecular structure includes a water-soluble head and two fat-soluble tails, because of this dual solubility, the phospholipid acts as an effective emulsifier, which is also one of the chief components of the membranes in our cells. “Phytosome” is formed by complexing the polyphenolic phytoconstituents in molar ratio with phosphatidylcholine. Phytosomes are advanced forms of herbal products that are better absorbed, utilized, and as a result produce better drug delivery than conventional herbal extracts. This article reviews the current trends in phytosomes drug delivery.

Matrix tablet containing various proportion of guar gum were prepared by wet granulation technique using starch as a binder. All the formulation were evaluated for hardness, drug content uniformity, stability study, and were subjected to in-vitro drug release studies. The amount of tinidazole released from the matrix tablet at different time interval was estimated by UV method.Colon targeted matrix tablet of tinidazole containing 40% guar gum released 7% of tinidazole in the physiological environment of stomach ( 0.1N HCl) & small intestine (phosphate buffer 7.4 pH) & 91 % in the physiological environment of colon(phosphate buffer 6.8 pH). When the dissolution study was continued in simulated colonic fluids (rat caecal content medium) the matrix tablet containing 40% guar gum released another 98% of tinidazole after degradation into 2-3 pieces at the end of 24 h study.The result of the studies showed that colon targeted matrix tablet containing 40% of guar gum was most likely to provide targeting of tinidazole for local action in the colon. The colon targeted matrix tablet of tinidazole showed no change either in physical appearance, drug content or in dissolution pattern after storage at 40 0 C / 75% RH for 2 month. IR spectrum showed no interaction between tinidazole & guar gum.

The decoction of the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. of Oleaceae widely used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of sciatica, arthritis, fevers, various painful conditions and diuretics, liver disorders and as laxative. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis for hepatoprotective effect against carbontetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats.Administration of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis protect the liver from toxic effects of carbontetrachloride by reducing the elevated levels of Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum bilirubin (total and direct). Results revealed that both the alcoholic and aqueous extracts showed significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing the elevated levels of biochemical parameters at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. The results were supported by histopathological studies of liver samples which showed regeneration of hepatocytes by the extracts.

Various sweetening agents are available in the market. Among all stevia rebaudiana is one which can be utilized by diabetics. Stevia not only imparts the sweet taste but also maintain the normal sugar level and also suitable for high blood pressure patients. Along with that the least quantity can produce sufficient sweetness because it is about 320 times sweeter than table sugar. There are over 80 species of stevia however sweetening properties have been found in Stevia rebaudiana. Due to its sweetness property it has wide range in home-made recipes, in soft drinks, in ayurvedic formulations and allied Industries. It’s found calorie free, non toxic in acute toxicity studies with rats, rabbies, guinea pig.