AbstractThe use of enzymes in the production of food products is an ancient practice. Microbes provide several enzymes that are involved in improving the taste, texture, as well as aroma of food items, offering several benefits to the food industry. Subsequently, the ease of availability of these microbial enzymes has increased their utilization in the food industry. This cost-effectiveness and ease of commercial-scale production make enzymes ideal tools for various industrial uses. Microbial enzymes are utilized in processing food products such as those associated with the brewery, dairy and bakery industries. In addition, the nutritional value, color, aroma and texture of food products can be improved by using microbial enzymes. With the progress in technology, several novel enzymes in various applications of the food and beverages industry have been developed and demand is constantly increasing. The present review provides a comparative narrative of the applications of some of the predominating enzymes, such as phytases, lipases, lactases, pectinases, and laccases, commonly used as processing aids in the food industry. Graphical Abstract

Pollutants are becoming a global threat to our environment and human health in the present scenario. To combat this problem, various technologies like bioremediation and phytoremediation in synergy with nanotechnology have emerged. Interaction among microbes and nanomaterials (NMs) is of great concern and attracting researchers toward the usage of nanoparticles as an eco-friendly approach for the cleanup of the environment and such combined technologies can be very much efficient in the removal of pollutants and such combination has not been widely recognized. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, these have gained a lot of attention from researchers in the field of environmental science. For example, bioremediation alone is not applicable in some sites where toxic chemicals are in higher concentrations and such chemicals are even toxic to microorganisms also. In that case, nanomaterials are of great relevance because these are not only non-toxic to microorganisms but can also improve the pollutants removal efficiency. In this chapter, we have summarized the role of nanotechnology in the remediation of contaminants from the environment and this approach will minimize the time consumption and overall cost.

Incorporating nanomaterials into food systems is emerging as an innovative tool in the present scenario. It offers the advantage that the material exploited is ecofriendly and completely devoid of side effects. Moreover, shelf-life maintenance is of great concern in the case of food industries. So, this approach is significantly promising in this context and can ensure the longer shelf life of products. Additionally, such incorporation can focus more on improving food quality and traceability. The growing demand of consumers in terms of food quality is attracting researchers to identify new ways to improve food quality. Also, awareness of a healthy lifestyle encourages researchers to find eco-friendly approaches Therefore, the present chapter is focused on some innovative nanomaterials and their applications in food systems.

Nanoparticles have been recommended as a quite novel and reliable choice in the management of problem of antibiotic resistance among pathogens. The main objective of this review is to focus on impact of environment friendly, biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles as an antimicrobial and analysis of their synergy with antibiotics in tackling the problem of multiple drug resistance. Furthermore, with less efficiency of allopathic drugs and side effects, there has been an increase in search for new ways of biosynthesized techniques. Although infectious diseases are not in proper control and spreading continuously worldwide, but these nano-based antimicrobials has opened new ways in management of this issue AgNPs have been widely utilized in environmental applications in order to remove heavy metals and dyes. This review is focused on study to address current challenges and solutions in the treatment of infectious diseases, particularly the use of nanosilver antimicrobials.

Practiced Gram negative bacteria from dyeing industry effluents snub metal toxicity to surviveChannarayapatna-Ramesh Sunilkumar , Lobo Rachel, Gurulingaiah Bhavya, Kujur Swati , R. Samaga Sridhar, J. Samanth Kumar, K. Ramachandra Kini, H. S. Prakash, Nagaraja Geetha

Ornamental plants have been widely been used as a therapeutic source to cure majority of diseases, as they exhibit a potential of antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Thuja occidentalis and Phyllanthus emblica exhibit the properties of treating diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases and certain infections due to the presence of phytocompounds namely Tannins, Flavanoids, Saponin and other. To find out the antioxidant potential of both the plants collected from Chandigarh University botanical garden, the antioxidant potential was determined by calculating the IC50 value of the extracts of plants prepared in water with varying concentrations of each plant extract and also their synergistic potential as antioxidant was carried out using DPPH assay for free radical scavenging. Whereas for the antimicrobial assay, Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli were used where the antimicrobial potential of both the plants were observed by carrying out the Agar well diffusion method and the Microtitre plate dilution method to determine the effective dosage of both the plants by calculating the IC50 for both the plants as well as their blend. Both the plants exhibited the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties but on the comparison Phyllanthus emblica exhibited better therapeutic potential as compared to the Thuja occidentalis. Thus, the synergistic effect of both plants was observed which has not been reported earlier exhibited more effective potential than the plants alone and can be a better option for ailment of certain diseases and can be utilized as anti aging and anti cancerous drugs than the synthetically obtained drugs as well as source of recovering from diseases that can be Gastrointestinal such as diarrhea, and infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae including endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections and septic arthritis. Therefore, Phyllanthus and Thuja canact as better potential drug for the relieve and cure of such diseases.