In cervical cancer radiotherapy, a non-adaptive strategy led to inadequate target coverage for individual patients. Online adaptative radiotherapy corrected for day-to-day anatomical variations and resulted in adequate target coverage in all fractions. The dose to rectum and bladder was decreased significantly when applying online adaptative radiotherapy.

Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. However, treatment of NAFLD is potentially influenced by psychological conditions. Using the simplified version of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA-SV) scale, this study aimed to evaluate the stage of psychological change as a prerequisite to refining implementation strategies for psychological change. Design A multicentre cross-sectional survey. Setting Ninety hospitals in China. Participants 5181 patients with NAFLD were included in this study. Outcome measures All patients completed the URICA-SV questionnaire and were assigned to one of the three stages of change (precontemplation, contemplation or action) according to their readiness scores. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with the stage of psychological change. Results A total of 4832 (93.3%) patients were included in the precontemplation stage and only 349 (6.7%) considered making a change or preparing to make one. There were significant differences in gender (Cohen’s d=0.039, p=0.005), age (Cohen’s d=−0.327, p<0.001), waist circumference (Cohen’s d=0.143, p=0.003), alanine transaminase (Cohen’s d=0.347, p=0.001), triglyceride (Cohen’s d=0.351, p=0.002), body mass index (BMI; Cohen’s d=0.056, p<0.001), proportion of hyperlipidaemia (Cohen’s d=0.068, p<0.001) and cardiovascular disease (Cohen’s d=0.032, p=0.029), therapeutic regimen (Cohen’s d=0.136, p<0.001), and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease overall score (Cohen’s d=−0.420, p<0.001) between patients with NAFLD in the precontemplation stage and those in the contemplation/action stage. Logistic regression identified BMI (HR 0.659, 95% CI 0.469 to 0.928, p=0.017), cardiovascular disease (HR 2.161, 95% CI 1.089 to 4.287, p=0.027) and triglyceride (HR 0.751, 95% CI 0.591 to 0.955, p=0.020) as independent factors predicting psychological change. Conclusions The results demonstrated that very few patients with NAFLD presented psychological condition in the stage of action. Psychological condition was found to be significantly related to BMI, cardiovascular disease and triglyceride factors. Integrated diversity considerations for evaluating psychological change are necessary.

Antithrombin III is an important anticoagulant factor with anti-inflammatory properties. However, few studies have explored its anti-inflammatory actions in ATIII overexpressed transgenic animals. In this study, the dairy goats with mammary overexpression of ATIII were used to investigate their general health, milk quality and particularly their response to inflammatory challenge. The results showed that transgenic goats have a normal phenotype regarding their physiological and biochemical parameters, including whole blood cells, serum protein levels, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, uric acid, and total bilirubin, compared to the WT. In addition, the quality of milk also improved in transgenic animals compared to the WT, as indicated by the increased milk fat and dry matter content and the reduced somatic cell numbers. Under the stimulation of an LPS injection, the transgenic goats had elevated contents of IGA, IGM and superoxide dismutase SOD, and had reduced proinflammatory cytokine release, including IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-β. A 16S rDNA sequencing analysis also showed that the transgenic animals had a similar compositions of gut microbiota to the WT goats under the stimulation of LPS injections. Mammary gland ATIII overexpression in dairy goats is a safe process, and it did not jeopardize the general health of the transgenic animals; moreover, the compositions of their gut microbiota also improved with the milk quality. The LPS stimulation study suggests that the increased ATIII expression may directly or indirectly suppress the inflammatory response to increase the resistance of transgenic animals to pathogen invasion. This will be explored in future studies.

Eyes movements in all radiotherapy fractions result in higher lens doses and potentially increase cataract formation rate. Adding margin expansions in treatment planning, to account for eyes motion, is the feasible approach to limit lens dose.

Significant inter-fractional tumor changes could be found during radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma treated by the 1.5 T MR-Linac. Daily MR-guided re-optimization of treatment plans corrected for day-to-day anatomical variations and resulted in adequate target coverage in all fractions.

Background: Previous studies showed that vitamin E improved hepatic histologic features, whereas high dose vitamin E long-term supplementation may increase hemorrhage stroke and prostate cancer. The efficacy and safety of low dose vitamin E for NASH patients are unclear.Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, patients with biopsy-proven NASH, without diabetes, were randomly assigned to receive vitamin E or placebo. The primary outcome was an improvement in histologic features that required the use of a composite of standardized scores for steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis. Confirmatory secondary endpoint was improvement in liver fibrosis at least one stage and no worsening of no steatohepatitis.Findings: 124 patients were randomly assigned to receive vitamin E 300mg (100mg three times per day, 58 patients) or placebo (66 patients). In the full analysis set (FAS), the percentage of patients with an improvement in hepatic histology (the primary endpoint) was 29·3% in the vitamin E group and 14·1% in the placebo group (p = 0·040). In the per-protocol set (PPS), the response rate was 43·6% in the vitamin E group and 17·7% in the placebo group (p = 0·0071). The improvement in confirmatory secondary endpoint according to FAS was observed in 25·9% of the vitamin E group and 15·6% of the placebo group (p = 0·16). In the PPS population, the percentage was 38·5% in the vitamin E group and 19·6% in the placebo group (p = 0·048). In terms of safety, adverse events did not differ significantly between the two study groups. Serum prostate-specific antigen and prostate ultrasound examination revealed no abnormality in any male patient.Interpretation: Administration of low dose vitamin E resulted in significant histologic improvement in NASH patients without diabetes. The safety and tolerance demonstrated in this study support the long-term administration of low dose vitamin E.Trial Registration: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02962297.Funding: Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd.Declaration of Interest: Vitamin E soft gel and an identical placebo were provided by Zhejiang Medicine Co. Ltd. All authors declare no competing interests.Ethical Approval: All participants provided written informed consent. The study was conducted by the ethics committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University and 14 collaborating centers.

The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ)-Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a disease-specific instrument to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with NAFLD. In order to provide further evidence for the cross-cultural utility of this instrument in the Chinese population, we translated the CLDQ-NAFLD into Chinese and examined its reliability and validity. Patients with NAFLD in 90 hospitals across China were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional survey. Eligible patients completed the Chinese version of CLDQ-NAFLD at enrollment to assess HRQL. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and split-half reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Factor analysis was used to test the construct validity. Between March and August 2019, 5181 patients with a mean age of 43.8 ± 13.3 years were enrolled. All domains exhibited good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability greater than 0.70. The scaling success rate of all domains was 100% for convergent validity and 99.4% (179/180) for discriminant validity. The inter-scale correlations indicated a significant correlation between all CLDQ-NAFLD domains (r = 0.608 to 0.832, all p < 0.001). Factor analysis of 36 items extracted 6 factors, which explained 69.14% of the total variance. The Chinese version of CLDQ-NAFLD is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the HRQL of Chinese patients with NAFLD.

Current treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have limited success in improving patients' quality of life and prolonging life expectancy. The clinical need for more efficient and safe therapies has contributed to the exploration of emerging strategies. Recently, there has been increased interest in oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a therapeutic modality for HCC. OVs undergo selective replication in cancerous tissues and kill tumor cells. Strikingly, pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa-Vec) was granted an orphan drug status in HCC by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013. Meanwhile, dozens of OVs are being tested in HCC-directed clinical and preclinical trials. In this review, the pathogenesis and current therapies of HCC are outlined. Next, we summarize multiple OVs as single therapeutic agents for the treatment of HCC, which have demonstrated certain efficacy and low toxicity. Emerging carrier cell-, bioengineered cell mimetic- or nonbiological vehicle-mediated OV intravenous delivery systems in HCC therapy are described. In addition, we highlight the combination treatments between oncolytic virotherapy and other modalities. Finally, the clinical challenges and prospects of OV-based biotherapy are discussed, with the aim of continuing to develop a fascinating approach in HCC patients.

Bile acids (BAs) are the major components of bile and products of cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol is catalyzed by a variety of enzymes in the liver to form primary BAs, which are excreted into the intestine with bile, and secondary BAs are formed under the modification of the gut microbiota. Most of the BAs return to the liver via the portal vein, completing the process of enterohepatic circulation. BAs have an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which may participate in the progression of HCC by recognizing receptors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and mediating multiple downstream pathways. Certain BAs, such as ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid, were indicated to be able to delay liver injury and HCC progression. In the present review, the structure and function of BAs were introduced and the metabolism of BAs and the process of enterohepatic circulation were outlined. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which BAs participate in the development of HCC were summarized and possible strategies for targeting BAs and key sites of their metabolic processes to treat HCC were suggested.

门静脉血栓形成与肝硬化的高发病率和高病死率有关。经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗使门静脉血栓再通是一种可行、有效、安全的方法。经颈静脉肝内门体分流术术后的血流动力学改变导致门静脉血优先通过经颈静脉肝内门体分流术，可升高右心房压和心脏指数，引起急性高输出型症状性心力衰竭，持续性右心衰也是经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗失败的重要原因，继发胃肠道出血后往往出现多器官衰竭。肠系膜上静脉支架置入诱发急性高输出型症状性心力衰竭鲜见报道。我们报道了1例高龄肠系膜静脉血栓形成的患者，肠系膜上静脉支架置入术后，由于自发性脾肾分流和所谓的门静脉盗流现象，回心血流增加，导致急性高输出型症状性心力衰竭的发生。结合病例和文献复习，建议临床医生在经颈静脉肝内门体分流术术前认真评估患者的心脏功能，术后注意及时发现和处理门静脉再通后急性容量扩张导致的急性高输出型症状性心力衰竭。

Allicin is the main active ingredient in freshly-crushed garlic and some other allium plants, and its anticancer effect on cancers of digestive system has been confirmed in many studies. The aim of this review is to summarize epidemiological studies and in vitro and in vivo investigations on the anticancer effects of allicin and its secondary metabolites, as well as their biological functions. In epidemiological studies of esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and biliary tract cancer, the anticancer effect of garlic has been confirmed consistently. However, the results obtained from epidemiological studies in gastric cancer and colon cancer are inconsistent. In vitro studies demonstrated that allicin and its secondary metabolites play an antitumor role by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, controlling tumor invasion and metastasis, decreasing angiogenesis, suppressing Helicobacter pylori , enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, and reducing the damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs. In vivo studies further demonstrate that allicin and its secondary metabolites inhibit cancers of the digestive system. This review describes the mechanisms against cancers of digestive system and therapeutic potential of allicin and its secondary metabolites.

目的 探讨妊娠中晚期应用替诺福韦酯或替比夫定阻断乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)携带孕妇母婴垂直传播的疗效和安全性.方法 2016年5月～2019年5月在通辽市传染病医院孕检的慢性HBV携带孕妇77例,在妊娠的24～28周时,按照孕妇的意愿,43例接受替诺福韦酯治疗,34例接受替比夫定治疗,在分娩后停止治疗.所有新生儿在出生后6 h内接受乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白200 IU,并在出生后0、1和6个月接种酵母源重组乙肝疫苗10μg.随访母婴至婴儿出生后7个月.结果 在分娩时,两组血清HBV DNA水平均显著低于治疗前,TDF组由(7.4±1.2)lg copies/mL降低至(3.6±1.1)lg copies/mL(P<0.05),LdT组由(7.3±1.1)lg copies/mL降低至(4.1±1.2)lg copies/mL(P<0.05),但治疗后两组之间血清HBV DNA水平比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗前后两组血清ALT水平的变化也无显著性差异,停药后部分产妇血清ALT轻度升高,但在3个月后大部分降至正常;在出生后7个月龄时,两组新生儿血清HBsAg均为阴性,HBsAb均转为阳性;两组新生儿体质量、身高和头围比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组均无明显的不良反应.结论 在妊娠中晚期应用替诺福韦酯或替比夫定治疗HBV携带孕妇,可以成功阻断病毒母婴传播,结合出生后应用高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗接种可保证婴幼儿免受HBV感染,值得进一步观察.

Purpose. - To investigate the impact of field number and beam angle on ERE during IMRT planning with 1.5 T MR-Linac for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Material and methods. - IMRT plans for three representative lung cases who treated with 1.5 T MR-Linac were generated using TPS Monaco 5.40.01. In each case, five types of plans were generated: (1) the "original plan" generated using 5-fields and beam angles manually optimized in ipsilateral tumor side, with no transverse magnetic field (TMF); (2) the plans generated by reoptimizing and recalculating the original plan, with a 1.5 T TMF; (3) the plans generated with 5 -fields, with beam angles manually optimized in anterior-posterior (AP) direction; (4) the plans generated with equidistant 5 -fields; and (5) the plans generated with equidistant 9 -fields. These plans were compared using a variety of dose-volume-parameters (DVPs). Results. - The DVPs under TMF showed the presence of 1.5 T TMF can slightly change for all lung cases studied. When the plans generated with beam angles manually optimized in anterior-posterior direction, results showed that the plans improved conformity and homogeneity for PTV and reduced the dose to tissue surface. Furthermore, the results showed that the equidistant/non-equidistant comparison of the previous target anatomy result in a more favourable dose distribution for the equidistant beam setting. At last, the results showed the dose distributions for PTV with 9 and 5 equidistant beams were not significantly different. Conclusion. - The plan quality can be significantly changed by the presence of a 1.5 T TMF for lung SBRT with MR-Linac. The selection of optimal fields number and beam angle can substantially reduce or even eliminate these changes, without deteriorating overall plan quality. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique (SFRO).

Objective:To explore the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:25 535 cases who participated in the health check-ups at the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected as the eligible subjects. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to analyze the relationship between TyG index and NAFLD risk and its diagnostic value for NAFLD.Results:NAFLD prevalence was gradually increased with the increase of the TyG index. After adjusting for other potential influencing factors, compared with the first quarter of TyG in patient with NAFLD, the OR (95% CI) in the second, third, and fourth quarter were 1.677 (1.495 ~ 1.881), 2.707 (2.397 ~ 3.057) and 4.049 (3.482 ~ 4.710), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the best cut-off value of TyG index for the diagnosis of NAFLD was 6.9, and the area under the curve was 0.816. The sensitivity and specificity were 77.66% and 70.51%, respectively. The combined application of TyG and ALT levels had higher diagnostic value. Conclusion:TyG, as a simple and convenient biosynthetic index, is closely related to the NAFLD. In addition, when the TyG index is ≥6.9, it has a high diagnostic value for NAFLD.

BACKGROUND We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis from published cohort studies to examine the association of adult height and all-cause mortality and to further explore the dose-response association. METHODS PubMed, The Cochrane Library, The Ovid, CNKI, CQVIP and Wanfang databases were searched for articles published from database inception to 6 February 2018. We used the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model to estimate the quantitative association between adult height and all-cause mortality and the restricted cubic splines to model the dose-response association. RESULTS We included 15 articles, with 1 533 438 death events and 2 854 543 study participants. For each 5-cm height increase below the average, the risk of all-cause mortality was reduced by 7% [relative risk (RR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-0.97] for men and 5% (RR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.90-0.99) for women. All-cause mortality had a U-shaped association with adult height, the lowest risk occurring at 174 cm for men and 158 cm for women (both Pnonlinearity < 0.001). Relative to the shortest adult height (147 cm for men and 137 cm for women), men at 174 cm had a 47% lower likelihood of all-cause mortality and women at 158 cm a 33% lower risk of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the relation between adult height and all-cause mortality is approximately U-shaped in both men and women.

Fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction is of increasing concern in mainland China, the world’s most populous country. The incidence of fatty liver disease is highest in China, surpassing the incidence in European countries and the USA. An international consensus panel recently published an influential report recommending a novel definition of fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction. This recommendation includes a switch in name from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and adoption of a set of positive criteria for disease diagnosis that are independent of alcohol intake or other liver diseases. Given the unique importance of this proposal, the Chinese Society of Hepatology (CSH) invited leading hepatologists and gastroenterologists representing their respective provinces and cities to reach consensus on alternative definitions for fatty liver disease from a national perspective. The CSH endorses the proposed change from NAFLD to MAFLD (supported by 95.45% of participants). We expect that the new definition will result in substantial improvements in health care for patients and advance disease awareness, public health policy, and political, scientific and funding outcomes for MAFLD in China.

Abstract Background Low-level viremia generally refers to detectable HBV DNA levels lower than 2000 IU/mL. Studies show that low-level viremia is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of low-level viremia patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma and identify prognostic factors after curative hepatectomy. Methods Data from chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving curative hepatectomy for the first time in the first hospital of China Medical University were studied. Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative HBV DNA levels: group 1 (low-level viremia group, HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL) and group 2 (HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL). Results Of the 212 patients, 104 patients were in group 1 and 108 patients were in group 2. There was a lower proportion of patients with HBsAg levels > 250 IU/mL (the upper limit of detection in our laboratory) in group 1 than in group 2 (71.2% vs. 86.1%, P < 0.01). The percentage of patients with a tumor diameter < 5 cm was 67.3% in group 1 and 37.0% in group 2 (P < 0.000). The percentage of tumor recurrence was 40.4% (42) in group 1 and 54.6% (59) in group 2 (P < 0.05). Median recurrence-free survival was 30.1 months in group 1 and 17.6 months in group 2 (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that a tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.819, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.193–2.775, P = 0.005), intrahepatic metastasis (HR = 1.916, 95% CI 1.077–3.407, P = 0.027), and an HBV DNA level ≥ 100 IU/mL (the lower limit of detection in our laboratory, HR = 2.943, 95% CI 1.916–4.520, P < 0.000) were independent prognostic factors associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Conclusion Preoperative low-level viremia was related with a long tumor recurrence interval and complete virologic response after curative hepatectomy was associated with a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence.