Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of familial disorders affecting tissues and organs of ectodermal origin. Ectodermal dysplasias are divided into two groups as hidrotic and anhidrotic/hypohidrotic. Ectodermal dysplasias are rare conditions with a triad of hypotrichosis, anodontia and anhidrosis. For that reason, we report four girls patients came to our clinic with complaints, such as having very little hair since birth, difficulty in hair growth and easy hair loss. The fact who was kept away from hot mediums and who were observed with artificial tears against cornea damage was significant in that it is seen in girls rarely. ©2007, Firat University, Medical Faculty

Beau's lines are transverse furrows that begin in the damage matrix and progress distally as the nail grow. One or more line can be found on nail plaque. Docetaxel is a chemotherapy drug which is used for breast and lung cancer. Here we present a patient who has Beau's lines on all of the nail plaque due to docetaxel.

Background: The present study was aimed to define the gender ratio, familial occurrence, age of onset, precipitating factors, clinical types, nail and joint involvement of psoriasis in childhood and adolescence in Turkey.

Angiokeratomas are vascular lesions which developed from dilated blood vessels lying subepidermal and showing an epidermal proliferative reaction. Although angiokeratomas are benign lesions especialy clinically solitary angiokeratomas often resemble malignant melanoma in appearance. Solitary angiokeratoma is a rare disorder and its resemble malignant melanoma in appearance so we reported a case. ©2005, Firat Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi

A 16‐year‐old boy came to our polyclinic complaining of an eruption on the face and limbs. His history showed that, initially, a blistering eruption developed on the side of his nose, which was followed about 10 days later by mildly painful red lesions that showed a pale center (targetoid lesions) on the face, lips, hands, arms, and feet. The patient stated that he had a similar attack about a year ago, when lesions that developed on his lips crusted after the attack and lip adhesions followed. Dermatological examination showed a large number of papules of 0.5–1 cm diameter with an erythematous periphery and a pale erythematous center on the face, ears, forearm, back of the hand, and palm. Some of the papules had purpuric “targetoid” lesions at the center. Lesions on the lips were papulovesicles and vesicles. In addition, there were adhesions on the commissures of both lips, which limited mouth opening to 25 mm. Clustered erosions with a dry surface were seen on the side of his right nostril ( Figure 1 ). Histopathological investigation of the excisional biopsy taken from the forearm revealed necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis, vacuolization in basal keratinocytes, and subepidermal blistering. The patient was clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as erythema multiforme. Symptomatic treatment was started and oral acyclovir prophylaxis was given to prevent recurrent nasolabial herpes simplex virus infections. The lesions completely resolved in 2 weeks. After 3 weeks, the patient returned for bilateral labial adhesion surgery. Local anesthesia was induced in upper and lower edges of the lips with lidocaine HCl. Adhesions were separated by a lancet, spare tissues were excised, and both sites were sutured by catgut ( Figure 2 ). Total recovery was achieved, and no adhesion recurrence was observed at 1‐month follow‐up. A large number of papules with an erythematous periphery and a pale erythematous center; adhesion on the edges of both lips image After treatment image

Background and design:The present study aimed at investigating the expression characteristics of bax and Bcl-2 proteins as well as the relation between Ki67, known to be a proliferation marker, and the two tumors immunohistochemically.Material and method: Twenty squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 20 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases were evaluated by immunohistochemical method using bax, Bcl-2 and Ki67 antibodies. There were marked differences between Bax, Bcl-2 and Ki67 values in SCC and BCC.Result: An overall evaluation showed that Bcl-2 was highly positive, whereas Bax expression was ignorable in BCC. However, Bax was evidently positive in most SCC cases. Ki67 was positive at variable degrees in 90% of SCC cases, but only slightly positive in 10% of BCC cases. The fact that Bax positivity is more evident in SCC and Bcl-2 positivity in BCC demonstrates that apoptosis is more marked in SCC.Conclusion: This result suggests that although apoptosis is not strongly related with Bax in BCC, Bcl-2 gene family regulates apoptosis activity. In SCC cases with a more aggressive course, Ki67 was found high in relation to the degree of differentiation. However, number of literature studies addressing this topic is limited; therefore studies including a higher number of cases are needed.

The rare condition in which one side of the body seems to grow faster than the other is called hemihypertrophy. This may be accepted as normal, but there are certain serious conditions that may be associated with this type of growth pattern. Congenital hypertrichosis is believed to be a genetic disorder that is inherited or occurs as a result of spontaneous mutation. The incidence of generalised congenital hypertrichosis is about one in a billion. A seven-month-old female case was brought to the hospital with growth and hairiness complaints, which were more apparent in the right side of the face, the right arm and the right leg. Physical examination showed more apparent hypertrophy and hypertrichosis, which covered the entire right side of the body beginning from the face and including the lower extremities and the genitalia. Hypertrichosis was more evident above the right scapula and on the right leg. The diameter of the right upper extremity and the right lower extremity were measured at 13 mm and 14 mm thicker than the left side, respectively. The infant did not have teeth yet and had totally normal nail growth. Skeletal structure, cardiovascular, respiratory, urogenital, central nervous system and eye examinations were all normal. Results of all laboratory analyses, including genetic examination, and those of the imaging techniques were found to be normal. We hereby present the rare co-presence of hemihypertrophy and hemihypertrichosis, for which we could not identify an etiological cause and which is the third such case in the literature.

Sir, Digital ulcerations are prominent features of systemic sclerosis ( SSc; scleroderma) and can occur for various reasons. Ulcerations can be very painful, thereby limiting functions, and healing with scarring and/ or digital resorption and when infected can lead to serious soft tissue infections and osteomyelitis. Ulcerations reportedly occur in approximately one third of patients with SSc per year, and the etiology appears to be multifactorial. Ischemia, vasculitis, and traumas are the most commonly encountered causes for digital ulcers [ 1, 2]. Herein, we report a single case of a scleroderma patient whose pain of digital ulcers could be successfully managed by an application of topical lidocaine.A 47- year- old woman with a 10- year history of SSc ( limited SSc) presented with very painful digital ulcers on her hands and feet. She complained of Raynaud's phenomenon on her upper limps. The initiation of these ulcers was simultaneous with minor traumas while doing housework. She complained of sharp pain on her fingers and of knife- wound sensation over the lesions on the dorsum of the hand and foot fingers, soles, and heels. She had a history of depression, hypertension, and osteoporosis.

no known treatment that successfully cures the condition. In this report we present a case of monilethrix in a 7-year-old girl treated with oral acitretin. A very good clinical and cosmetic result was obtained while treatment was continued. However, clinical symptoms recurred after discontinuation of acitretin therapy. Monilethrix is a rare genetic disease that affects hair, and is first been noticed 3 months after birth. Specifically, the hair that specifically characterized by hair shaft anomaly. Fusiform nodes grew in place of the lost hair did not grow long, it broke when it and narrow segments are seen in the hair shafts. Although several reached a certain length and her hair was thinning out in certain autosomal recessive cases have been reported, autosomal domi- areas. Her general history was unremarkable, except for premature nant inheritance is more common. [1-4] It has been reported that the birth and iron deficiency anemia. Her family history was also disease develops because of mutations in genes (chromosome unremarkable. Physical examination revealed that all systems, 12q13) that code hHb1 and hHb6, which are basic hair keratins in including growth and development, were normal. Dermatologic humans. [2,5-8] Lanugo hair in the neonatal period is normal. examination revealed sparse, stiff, dry, short, and irregular hair at Clinical signs appear when terminal hair characteristics begin to bilateral temporo-parietal areas (figure 1). Hair and skin appendform. Alopecia may be seen in the neonatal period in severe ages at other areas were normal. The only dermatologic sign in the cases. [2] The scalp in particular is affected, but the eyebrows, fingernails was slight longitudinal lines. Oral mucosa examination eyelashes, axillary hair, pubic hair, and even body hair follicles was normal. may be involved. There is no known successful treatment of the Laboratory investigations showed that the whole blood count, disease. However, some treated cases have been reported. [1] Here peripheral blood smear, all biochemical values, liver function, we present a case of monilethrix that responded to acitretin treat- serological parameters, and thyroid function were normal. The ment. erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 14 mm/h.

Aim: To investigate, retrospectively, psychiatric consultation results of inpatients staying in Firat University Dermatology Clinic. Materials and method: Records of 520 inpatients who were treated in Firat University Dermatology Clinic between May 2000 and May 2003 were examined and their psychiatric consultation reports were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Of the 520 patients who were included in the study, 272 were female and 248 were male. Ninety-two patients were asked to have psychiatric consultation and when consultation results of these patients were examined it was seen that 67 of them (61.7%) were given a psychiatric diagnosis. Of the 67 patients who were given a psychiatric diagnosis, 34 (50.7%) were female and 33 (49.3%) were male. Mean age of the patients was 39.4 ( the youngest being 24 and the oldest 63). It was established that 35.9% of patients ( 24 individuals) were diagnosed as depressive disorder, 29.8% ( 20 individuals) as anxiety disorder, 13.4% ( nine individuals) as mixed depressive anxiety disorder, 13.4% ( nine individuals) as borderline personality disorder and 7.5% ( five individuals) as obsessive - compulsive disorder, and that psychiatric treatment was started in 91% of patients. Dermatological diagnoses of patients who were given psychiatric diagnoses were as follows in order of frequency: psoriasis in 22 patients (32.9%), urticaria in 31 patients (46.2%), prurigo nodularis in five patients (7.4%) and others in nine patients (13.5%), respectively. Conclusions: Dermatological diseases and psychiatric disorders frequently go together. Psychiatric treatment was started in a high number of patients who were given psychiatric diagnoses and had dermatological problems in the present study. Referring patients with chronic dermatological problems to the psychiatry clinic with a view to supporting their dermatological treatments, we believe, will increase the success rate of dermatosis treatment.

Abstract Behcet’s Syndrome is a chronic, progressive, recurrent syndrome that can affect all organs and that histopathologically proceeds with vasculitis. Its etiology and pathogenesis is still unknown. Since Behcet’s Syndrome generally develops with vasculitis, it has a wide clinical spectrum. When the rich vascular structure of the thyroid gland is considered, the effect of Behcet’s Syndrome on this gland becomes noteworthy. This study was planned to evaluate whether thyroid gland and thyroid functions were affected in individuals with Behcet’s Syndrome. The study included 18 patients who presented at Dermatology Polyclinic of Fırat University School of Medicine and who were diagnosed as Behcet’s disease according to International Work Group Criteria. The control group consisted of 15 healthy individuals. FT4, FT3, TSH and thyroid antibodies were tested and thyroid ultrasonography (USG) was performed in all patients and the control group. Fineneedle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was carried out in all Behcet’s patients. No significant difference was found between Behcet’s disease patients and the control group in terms of thyroid function tests. Thyroid auto-antibodies were found negative in both groups. Thyroid USG showed that 9 patients were normal, 5 had nodular goiter and 4 had multi-nodular goiter. FNAB of the nodules revealed Hurtlecell adenoma in one patient, while others had benign nodular goiter. It was found in the USG of the control group that 9 patients were normal, 4 had nodular goiter and 2 had multi-nodular goiter. FNAB of individuals with nodules in the control group were reported as benign nodular goiter. It was concluded that there was no relation between Behcet’s Syndrome and thyroid gland diseases in patients with Behcet’s syndrome.

Recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is a common oral mucosal disorder characterized by recurrent, painful oral aphthae. Although the exact cause of RAU is not known, local trauma, microorganisms, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, genetics, and immunological factors have been suggested to contribute to its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the level of lipid peroxidation and status of antioxidant vitamins in patients with RAU. Thirty patients with RAU and 20 healthy controls were recruited. Vitamins A, E, and C and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in both serum and saliva of patients with RAU and control subjects by high performance liquid chromatography. Levels of vitamins A, E and C in both fluids were significantly lower (p < 0.05 for vitamins A and E, and p < 0.005 for vitamin C, respectively) in patients with RAU than in healthy control subjects. Conversely, the levels of MDA in serum and saliva were significantly higher (p < 0.005) in patients with RAU than in the control group. Furthermore, strong and highly significant correlation was found between serum and salivary levels of vitamins A, E and C, and MDA in patients with RAU (r > or = 0.90, p < 0.0001). The present study demonstrates that the serum and saliva levels of selected antioxidant vitamins are lower, while the degree of lipid peroxidation, as judged by the MDA levels, is higher in patients with RAU than in the control subjects. This is the first to measure specific antioxidant levels in both saliva and blood in the same patients, and indicates that the non-enzymatic anti-oxidant ability is impaired in patients with RAU.

The incidence of tuberculosis in Western countries is rising, and continued vigilance together with an awareness of its protean manifestations is essential. Cutaneous tuberculosis is a relatively rare manifestation of the disease, accounting for only 1% of extrapulmonary cases of tuberculosis and 0.14% of all reported cases of tuberculosis. A 19-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with skin lesions both at the front and at the back of his body. With clinical findings, histopathology, polymerase chain reaction, PA lung graph, and computerised tomography, the patient was diagnosed with metastatic tuberculosis abscess associated with lung tuberculosis and Pott's disease. Antituberculosis drugs were administered. An increased awareness of the re-emergence of cutaneous tuberculosis will allow for the proper diagnosis and management of this increasing common skin disorder.

Objective: Plasma levels of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were investigated in patients with Behcetas disease and controls in order to asses its role in thrombotic and atherosclerotic complications of this disease and of disease activity. Material and Methods: The study included 40 patients with Behcetas disease, 30 healty volunteers. One of the patient had active and three of them had a history of thrombotic complications. Results: Plasma Lp(a) and other acute phase reactant levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the controls. There was no difference between the groups with and without thrombotic complications for any of these measurements. Conclusions: Plasma Lp(a) levels were significantly higher in the active patients than inactive patients, it might be a risk factor of disease activity in Behcetas disease. Lp(a) is an important risk factor for development of coronary artery disease. However, further studies are needed to show the thrombogenic role of Lp(a). © 2004, Firat Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi.

We present a case of Reiter syndrome (RS) associated with Terry nail in a 32-year-old male patient who also had subungual keratosis and onycholysis. The case had all the characteristic findings of complete RS including urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis and skin lesions, and based on these findings a clinical diagnosis was established. The patient complained of milky-white coloured leakage that was more frequent in the mornings, and dysuria. Urinary analysis revealed leucocytes and erythrocytes. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values were high. The case was considered as RS due to gonococcic urethritis. However, there was no growth in the culture. Self-report of the patient revealed that he had had continued symptoms and 9 months after the development of RS he developed Terry nail. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of RS associated with Terry nail.