Racial/ethnic differences cover clinical, biological, genetic, or epigenetic factors associated with disease risk, outcome, and treatment that are not related to socio-economic factors. The presence of these in type 2 diabetes mellitus produces a different perspective to the understanding and care in different races and ethnic groups. This becomes very important with individualized care that is not applied alongside these differences. Newer antidiabetic drugs with great promises do not have comparable efficacies across the races. New drug developments using genomics are similarly affected, so also their pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications. Racial/ethnic differences are found among the subgroups of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. These differences are, however, different and independent of the differences found in drug treatment, diabetic chronic kidney disease, and diabetic retinopathy. For the African Americans and other Blacks, the type 2 diabetes with its different manifestations has not been adequately studied. Even when data exist, they are not taken into cognizance in formulating guidelines. There is, therefore, a need for a call to action. Literature search was in PubMed, Medline, and Google, for search terms race, ethnic, differences, and type 2 diabetes.

Detarium senegalense, J.F. Gmelin (Fabaceae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine to treat different diseases including epilepsy, microbial infections, gastrointestinal diseases and inflammation; its efficacy is widely acclaimed among communities in South Eastern Nigeria. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-seizure and anti-nociceptive potential of hexane fraction from the leaves of D. senegalense The hexane fraction of D. senegalense leaf was evaluated to determine the effect of the oral administration of the extract (100 – 400 mg/kg) against seizure using the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), brucine, isoniazid (INH) induced seizure models and analgesic activity using the writhing and water tail immersion tests in mice. The hexane fraction of the extract significantly (p<0.05) increased the latency period in seizures induced by PTZ, brucine and isoniazid, and significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by these three inducing agents. The extract also protected 67 % of animals against death. In acetic acid-induced writhing models and tail immersion models, the fraction showed a good analgesic effect characterized by a significant (p<0.05 – p<0.01) reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control and a significant (p<0.05 – p<0.01 increase in the latency in a dose-related manner. The findings of the present study validated the folkloric use of Detarium senegalense leaves in seizure disorders as well as painful conditions.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder arising from insulin resistance and/or decreased insulin secretion and has continued to affect people across all economic levels in society. Due to the high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, it has become very imperative to emphasize screening in any given population, especially in developing countries. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors and prevalence of diabetes mellitus among participants using the FINDRISC questionnaire. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study which involved 200 participants but 197 had complete data. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and fasting/random blood glucose measurements were carried out. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The mean age of respondents was 41.8 ± 16.3 years. There were 104 males and 93 females. Most of the respondents were traders constituting 51.8% of the study population. The 10-year risk categorization of respondents showed that 57.9% had low risk, 17.8% with slightly elevated risk, 12.2% had moderate risk, 10.7% with high risk, and 1.5% with a very high risk of developing diabetes. The average risk score was 7.4 ± 5.4 with a range of 0.0–24.0. The mean weight, height, and body mass index were 69.6 ± 14.4 kg, 165.3 ± 8.6 cm, and 25.5 ± 5.2 kg/m2, respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 126.9 ± 20.3 mmHg (range: 80–205) and 76.6 ± 12.9 mmHg (range of 50–130), respectively. Conclusion: Approximately, 25% of respondents have a moderate-to-very high risk which emphasizes the need for continuous screening of the population, especially in public gatherings.

BACKGROUND:HIV/AIDS is a multi-system disease that has been associated with several endocrinopathies including thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction in patients with HIV/AIDS, among other factors, may arise from the direct cytopathic effects of HIV on the thyroid gland in addition to the adverse effects of highly active anti-retroviral drugs (HAART).STUDY OBJECTIVE:The study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of thyroid dysfunction in HAART naïve HIV patients in Enugu.MATERIALS & METHODS:Study was cross sectional, casecontrol based, involving 250 HAART naïve HIV sero-positive patients and 250 HIV sero-negative subjects. Anthropometric measurements and physical examination were done. Assay for fT3, fT4, TSH (for thyroid function) was done using the Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) method. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.RESULTS:The HAART naïve sero-positive cohorts comprised 112 males and 138 females while the control subjects consisted of 125 males and 125 females. Mean ages (years) of test and control groups were 38.84± 10.60 and 39.58 ±11.68 respectively. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the study subjects was 36.4% and 7.6% in the controls. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common prevalent type of thyroid dysfunction in both test and control groups at 17.6% and 7.2% respectively. In the test group, sick euthyroid syndrome (17.2%) ranked second while in the controls, primary hypothyroidism (7.2%) was the second commonest dysfunction.CONCLUSION:Thyroid dysfunction was more common in HAART-naïve HIV sero-positive subjects than in the general population with subclinical hypothyroidism emerging as the commonest abnormality.

Objective: The study assessed optic nerve diameter (OND) and clinical biomarkers in patients with poorly controlled diabetes compared with healthy nondiabetic volunteers. Materials and Methods: There were 1320 adult participants recruited to the study. The cohort was divided into 600 Type 2 diabetic (DM II) patients and 720 apparently healthy, nondiabetic volunteers. The OND was measured using a high-resolution dedicated ultrasound device (Sonoace 5500; Medicol, Medison, Miami, FL, USA) with a 10-MHz linear array transducer. Subjects were examined in a supine position with their eyes closed. Three measurements of the OND were taken and the average recorded. Hemoglobin A1c concentration and lipid profiles were determined using Bio-Rad Diamat analyzer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Body mass index and age were matched for both cohorts for comparativeness. Results: The mean OND of the DM II patients was 3.10 ± 0.14 mm (range of 2.6–4.0 mm), which was significantly (P < .05) lower than the control volunteers (4.22 ± 0.15 mm). The OND demonstrated a negative significant correlation with HA1c, duration of diabetes and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P < .05). Lipid profiles, blood urea, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin A1c showed statistical difference between diabetics and control subjects. Conclusion: Poorly controlled DM II patients may have significantly narrower OND than nondiabetic patients. This imaging biomarker has the potential to transform visual care for DM II patients.

Diabetes mellitus has sadly become a pandemic, with chronic and debilitating complications which by far are more pronounced in the developing countries of the world. Despite the availability of a wide array of anti-diabetic drugs (both oral and parenteral medications), micro-vascular and macro-vascular diabetes complications are still common. Owing to this sad reality, the place of micronutrients augmentation has come to the frontline of research in diabetes management. Zinc is one of the well-known micro-elements with diverse functions in various physiologic processes in humans. The authors reviewed the role of zinc augmentation in subjects with diabetes generally, both those with complications of diabetes and those without complications. Emphasis was also laid on the modulatory actions of zinc on various diabetes-related processes which include: its anti-oxidant effect; improvement of insulin secretion/sensitivity; increased amylin action; inhibition of gluconeogenesis and atherosclerosis. The impact of zinc supplementation on fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin and lipid indices were also detailed, while a brief overview of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of zinc was also undertaken.

Pseudocedrela kotschyi (meliaceae) is widely used in African traditional medicine for the management of malaria, pains, diabetes, convulsion and bacterial infection. The present study evaluates the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of P. kotschyi in Wistar rats. In the acute toxic study, the leaf extract was administered to rats orally up to 5 g/kg in divided doses. The animals were then observed for signs of toxicity and mortality for 7 days. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were orally treated daily with the extract at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for 28 days. The control rats were given distilled water and all animals were weighed at 7 days interval. The haematological, biochemical parameters and vital organs were determined. The leaf extract was practically non-toxic showing no mortality and visible signs of toxicity on acute exposure. The extract showed a significant increase in the body weight of rats given 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. The extract did not produce a significant effect on haematological indices except a significant increase in platelet count. Biochemical parameters were not significantly changed in the study while triglycerides showed a significant increase. The weight of the heart, kidneys and spleen were not significantly affected but significant changes were observed in the weight of the lungs and liver. Findings in this study revealed that P. kotschyi is safe when administered orally, further investigation is needed to ascertain its effect on long-term administration.

Background Metabolic diseases are associated with impaired renal function which accelerates chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 16-week honey supplementation on renal function, metabolic acidosis and renal abnormalities in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Wistar rats were fed a HFD and sucrose (30%) solution and randomly grouped and treated. Group 1 was fed rat chow and treated with drinking water while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed a HFD and treated with drinking water, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg body weight (BW) of honey, respectively, once daily for 16 weeks. After the rats were sacrificed, the serum samples were obtained and used for the analysis of total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonates and chloride ions. Histopathological examinations of the kidneys were performed. Results The serum creatinine and anion gap levels were significantly (p < 0.01) higher while the levels of serum total calcium and ionized fraction were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in HFD-fed control rats than in chow-fed rats. The kidney of HFD-fed control rats was characterized by tubular necrosis, glomerular atrophy, hemorrhage and severe focal aggregate inflammatory (FAIC) cells. Honey treatment (1, 2 or 3 g/kg BW) prevented elevations in serum creatinine while it restored serum levels of total calcium and ionized calcium towards those in rats fed chow only. All the three doses of honey also significantly (p < 0.01) reduced anion gap and ameliorated renal lesions. Honey treatment (2 g/kg BW) significantly (p < 0.05) increased bicarbonate and chloride ion in HFD-fed rats compared with HFD-fed control rats. Conclusions Sixteen-week honey supplementation ameliorates renal dysfunction, metabolic acidosis and renal morphological abnormalities in HFD-fed Wistar rats.

Metformin has been used for a long time as an antidiabetic medication for type 2 diabetes. It is used either as a monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic medications. The drug came into prominence in diabetes and other conditions with cardiovascular risk after the landmark study of 1995 by the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study which emphasized its importance. However, the drug has been used in experimental trials in various aspects of medicine and pharmacology such as in reproductive medicine, cancer chemotherapy, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been in use in the treatment of polycystic ovarian disease and obesity and is being considered in type 1 diabetes. This study seeks to evaluate the relevance of metformin in cancer management. Different mechanisms have been proposed for its antitumor action which involves the following: (a) the activation of adenosine monophosphate kinase, (b) modulation of adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA), (c) reduction in insulin/insulin growth factors, and (d) the role of metformin in the inhibition of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS); and its resultant damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is another paramount antitumor mechanism.

Aim: Medicinal plants have been globally used as alternative to synthetic drugs in treating different disease conditions. This study investigated the effect of oral administration of ethanol leaf extract of Justicia insularis in Phenylhydrazin induced anaemia in Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats including 24 anaemic and 6 normal rats were used for experiment. Anaemia was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of phenylhydrazine at a dose of 40 mg/kg for 48 hours. After being confirmed anaemic, rats were orally treated with distilled water and ethanol extract of Justicia insularis at doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg respectively for three weeks. The haematological parameters including the red blood and white blood cells and their functional indices were investigated in anaemic treated rats compared with the control rats. Phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity test of the extract were also carried out. Results: Administration of the ethanol leaf extract of J. insularis daily for three weeks significantly increased the haematological parameters which conclude that it exhibits antianaemic activity. Phytochemical test on J. insularis indicated the presence of alkaloid, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, phenol, resins and reducing sugar. The extract was also found to be non-toxic in rats. Conclusion: The implication of our findings is that ethanol leaf extract of J. insularis possesses potent antianaemic activity and thus, could be considered a potential candidate for the development of new drug in the treatment of anaemic conditions.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral infection that has ravaged the world in recent times, and the associated morbidity and mortality have been much more pronounced in those with noncommunicable disease. Diabetes mellitus is one of commonest noncommunicable diseases associated with worsening clinical status in COVID-19 patients. Summary: The aim of this review was to evaluate the receptors and pathogenetic link between diabetes and COVID-19. Both disease conditions involve inflammation with the release of inflammatory markers. The roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme molecule and dipeptidyl peptidase were explored to show their involvement in COVID-19 and diabetes. Pathogenetic mechanisms such as impaired immunity, microangiopathy, and glycemic variability may explain the effect of diabetes on recovery of COVID-19 patients. The effect of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, invasion of the pancreatic islet cells, drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, and the lockdown policy may impact negatively on glycemic control of diabetic patients. The outcome studies between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with COVID-19 were also reviewed. Some drug trials are still ongoing to determine the suitability or otherwise of some drugs used in diabetic patients with COVID-19, such as dapagliflozin trial and linagliptin trial.

The leaves of Pseudocedrela. kotschyi are used in herbal medicine in Sub-Saharan Africa without safety concerns. Determination of its safety profile will provide supportive scientific evidence in favour of its continuous usage. To evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity activity of the ethanol extract of Pseudocedrela. Kotschyi leaves. Sub-chronic toxicity evaluation of the extract was determined by administering 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg on Wistar rats for 40 days with distilled water as control. The haematological and biochemical parameter as well as the relative organ weights were examined. In the 40 days sub-chronic oral toxicity study, administration of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of P. kotschyi leaf extract per body weight showed significant (p<0.05) body weight change, significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) changes in some haematological and biochemical parameters and organ weights compared to the control group. Analyses of these results could lead to the conclusion that the oral administration of P. kotscyi leaf extract for 40 days does not cause sub-chronic toxicity in rats

Postprandial hyperlipidemia is associated with oxidative stress and is an important risk factor for atherosclerosisand cardiovascular disease. The aims of this study were to investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of honey administered 5or 60 minutes before a high-fat diet (HFD), to explore the role of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)reductase in antihyperlipidemic effect of honey and to investigate the effect of honey on postprandial oxidative stress. Ratswere fasted and randomized into 5 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were administered portable water. After 60 minutes, the groupswere given portable water and HFD, respectively. Group 3 was administered honey. After 5 minutes, the rats were givenHFD. Groups 4 and 5 were administered honey and simvastatin, respectively. After 60 minutes, the rats were given HFD.Four hours after portable water or HFD administration, the rats were sacrificed. Group 2 had significantly (p < 0.01) highertotal cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)cholesterol, catalase activity and significantly (p < 0.05) lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HMG-CoA:mevalonate (p < 0.001) compared with Group 1. Group 3 had significantly (p < 0.01) higher TG and VLDL cholesterol andlower HMG-CoA: mevalonate compared with Group 1. Groups 4 and 5 exhibited significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001) higherHDL cholesterol and HMG-CoA: mevalonate and lower LDL cholesterol compared with group 2. Honey pretreatment 60minutes before HFD feeding exerts more significant antihyperlipidemic effect and attenuates more considerably postprandialhyperlipidemia-induced oxidative stress than honey administered 5 minutes before HFD in Wistar rats. This markedantihyperlipidemic effect of honey pretreatment is mediated in part via inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase.

Background Salacial lehmbachii stem bark is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Treatment of diabetes is necessary to reduce these complications. Methods In this study, the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of S. lehmbachii ethanol stem bark extract was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg p.o. daily for 21 days. Blood glucose levels, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were assessed in the animals. Results Treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats with S. lehmbachii stem bark extract showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in blood glucose levels when compared with diabetic control. The elevated levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL were significantly (p<0.01) reduced by S. lehmbachii stem bark extract, while the level of HDL significantly (p<0.01) increased. Conclusions The results obtained suggest that S. lehmbachii stem bark extract has the potential to treat diabetes condition and hyperlipidemic disorders.

Metformin and simvastatin are drugs used to reduce diabesity-related parameters such as weight gain and adiposity in obese type 2 diabetic and obese patients, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of metformin or simvastatin and their combination with honey on obesity anthropometric parameters in rats fed high-fat diet (HFD). After 8 weeks of feeding with HFD and sucrose solution (30% w/v), rats were randomly grouped and treated with distilled water, metformin, metformin and honey, simvastatin or simvastatin and honey for 6 weeks. The rats were maintained on HFD during the treatment period. The weight gain, % change in body mass index (BMI) and % change in adiposity index (AI) were significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001) higher while BMI, body weight/body length (BW/BL) and AI were non-significantly (p > 0.05) higher in HFD fed control rats compared with chow fed rats. The weight gain, BMI, % change in BMI, BW/BL, AI and % change in AI in metformin-treated HFD fed rats were comparable to those of HFD fed control rats. Though statistically insignificant (p > 0.05), HFD fed rats treated with metformin and honey showed lower weight gain, BMI, % change in BMI, BW/BL, AI and % change in AI. Simvastatin-administered rats had significantly lower BMI (p = 0.015), % change in BMI (p = 0.008) and % change in AI (p = 0.026) compared with HFD fed control rats. In contrast, simvastatinand honey-treated rats exhibited much significantly lower BMI (p = 0.002), % change in BMI (p = 0.001) and % change in AI (p = 0.003) compared with HFD fed control rats. These findings suggest that simvastatin is better than metformin in attenuating increases in obesity anthropometrics in HFD fed rats. The data also indicate that honey in combination with metformin or simvastatin augmented the ameliorative effects of these drugs on obesity anthropometric parameters in HFD fed rats.

Increased consumption of sugars and sweetened beverages contributes to increased prevalence of obesity. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of honey supplementation on body weight (BW), weight gain, body mass index (BMI) and adiposity in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The study also investigated if administration of high doses of honey to HFD fed Wistar rats would deteriorate body weight, weight gain, BMI and adiposity. Rats were fed chow or HFD (coconut and olive oil) and 30% sucrose solution for 8 weeks. The animals were then randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (fed chow) was treated with 1.0 ml/kg BW of drinking water. Group 2 (fed HFD and 30% sucrose solution) was treated with 1.0 ml/kg BW of drinking water. Groups 3, 4 and 5 (fed HFD and 30% sucrose solution) were administered 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g/kg BW of honey, respectively. The animals were treated for a duration of 6 weeks. Groups 1 and 2-5 were maintained on chow and HFD, respectively during treatment. The HFD fed control rats showed a higher BW (p > 0.05), weight gain (p < 0.01), BMI (p > 0.05), % change in BMI (p > 0.05), BW/body length (BL) (p < 0.05), adiposity index (AI) (p < 0.05) and % change in AI (p < 0.01) compared with chow fed rats. Honey-treated HFD fed rats showed no significant difference in BMI, BW/BL and AI compared with chow fed rats. Honey (1.0 g/kg BW)-treated HFD fed rats had significantly lower BMI (p < 0.01), % change in BMI (p < 0.01), BW/BL (p < 0.05), AI (p < 0.05) and % change in AI (p < 0.01) compared with HFD fed control rats. These results suggested that 1.0 g/kg BW of honey produced beneficial effects on obesity anthropometric parameters including BMI in HFD fed rats.

Diabetic dyslipidemia contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hence, its treatment is necessary to reduce cardiovascular events. Honey reduces hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The reproducibility of these beneficial effects and their generalization to honey samples of other geographical parts of the world remain controversial. Currently, data are limited and findings are inconclusive especially with evidence showing honey increased glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. It was hypothesized that this deteriorating effect might be due to administered high doses. This study investigated if Nigerian honey could ameliorate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. It also evaluated if high doses of honey could worsen glucose and lipid abnormalities. Honey (1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 g/kg) was administered to diabetic rats for three weeks. Honey (1.0 or 2.0 g/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol while it significantly (p < 0.05) reduced hyperglycemia, triglycerides (TGs), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, coronary risk index (CRI) and cardiovascular risk index (CVRI). In contrast, honey (3.0 g/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TGs and VLDL cholesterol. This study confirms the reproducibility of glucose lowering and hypolipidemic effects of honey using Nigerian honey. However, none of the doses deteriorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia.

Objective: To investigate the the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the methanolic leaf extract of Maerua crassifolia in mice and rats. Methods: Acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion methods were used to assess analgesic activity, while xylene and carrageenan-induced paw oedema methods were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf extract. Yeast and amphetamine-induced pyrexia were used to investigate the antipyretic activity. The phytochemical analysis and oral acute toxicity of the methanolic leaf extract of Maerua crassifolia were also evaluated. Results: The leaf extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) showed a dose dependent and significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of pain in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests. The extract also produced significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity in both paradigms. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in hyperpyrexia was also observed with the leaf extract. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, steroids, resins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The oral median lethal dose of the leaf extract was estimated to be greater than 5 000 mg/kg in rats. Conclusions: The findings confirmed its ethnomedical use in the treatment of pains and feverish conditions.

Bombax buonopozense is used in traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of pains and feverish conditions. This study was orally carried out to establish the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of an aqueous stem bark extract of Bombax buonopozense in experimental animals. The analgesic activity was measured using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and water tail imgmersion tests. The anti-inflammatory activity was assayed using the xylene and carrageenan-induced oedema tests, while the antipyretic activity was measured using the brewer’s yeast and 2, 4 dinitrophenol-induced pyrexia. The stem bark extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) at all doses used, was found to have significant (P<0.05) analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities. Data shows that aqueous stem bark extract of B. buonopozense possesses constituents with therapeutic potential against pains and feverish conditions, thus supporting the use of the stem bark of this plant for similar ailments in traditional medicine. Key words: Bombax buonopozense, stem bark, aqueous extract, pain, inflammation, fever.