The purpose of the study is to contribute to the acquisition of knowledge on mollusks in Gabon. This work was conducted to identify the different species of terrestrial mollusks in the Haut - Ogooue Province in Gabon. It was realized in the cities of Franceville, Moanda and Okondja. The environments of observation of the mollusks were human dwellings, roadsides, garbage dumps, banana (Musa spp) fields and Macabo (Xanthosoma mafaffa) fields. In addition, in order to determine the abundance of the mollusks according to the time of collection, the time intervals 5:30 - 7:00 am, 2:00 - 3:30 pm and 6:30 - 8:00 pm were retained. After collection, the different species of mollusks were identified according to quarters, observation environments and time of collection in each city. The results revealed that, the number of mollusks varies from one quarter to another. Animal were mainly observed around human dwellings (584 mollusks), garbage dumps (507) and Macabo (Xanthosoma mafaffa) fields (499). A total of 2860 mollusks were collected in the 3 cities. Okondja was the city that recorded the largest number of mollusks collected (1240), followed by Franceville (1034) and Moanda (856). They were mainly collected from 6:30 to 8:00 pm (1939) and between 5:30 7:00 (862). The species identified were Achatina fulica, Achatina iostoma, Limicolairia spp, Archachatina marginata (Swainson) and Archachatina marginata (Saturalis). The two major genera of mollusks, namely the Archachatina and the Achatina, of consumer’s interest, are present in the study area.

The production of fly larvae for non-ruminants' feeding is an innovative and expanding sector in many countries.An experimental study whose objective was to contribute to improving knowledge in the domain of fly multiplication for maggot production, was conducted at the National Higher Institute of Agronomy and Biotechnology (INSAB) of the University of Science and Techniques, Masuku (USTM) between February and June 2018.The completely randomized experimental design was made up of 4 trials (substrates) of 1,100 g each, repeated 3 times in plastic basins.The substrates were composed of S 1 (90.91% of cow dung + 9.09% of blood), S 2 (68.18% of cow dung + 22.73% of rumen content (RC) + 9.09% of blood), S 3 (45.45% of cow dung + 45.46% of RC + 9.09% of blood) and S 4 (22.73% of cow dung + 68.18% of RC + 9.09% of blood).The blood from bovine contained in each mixture served as an attractive material.The results highlighted 04 families of flies: Muscidae (6.35%), Calliphoridae (85.71%),Strationomiydae (4.76%) and Syrphidae (3.17%).The substrate S 4 had the highest fresh and dry biomasses of maggots respectively 20.67 ± 25.15 g and 3.67 ± 4.72 g.The highest length (1.88 ± 0.08 cm) was obtained with maggots from the substrate S 1 .Although this value was significantly higher (p<0.05)than the length observed with maggots from the substrate S 4 (1.43 ± 0.24 cm), it was therefore, comparable (p>0.05) to those obtained in substrates S 2 (1.74 ± 0.13 cm) and S 3 (1.82 ± 0.06 cm).The highest dry matter (DM) content (27.61 ± 21.62%) was recorded with maggots from S 2 while the lowest DM content (17.25 ± 2.48%) was recorded in S 4 .However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the DM in all the substrates.The crude protein (CP) content in maggot flours from S 4 (35.98 ± 2.21%) and S 3 (34.66± 0.10%) was comparable (p>0.05) and significantly higher (p<0.05)than in S 2 (27.57± 0.20%) and in S 1 (26.56 ± 0.32%).The highest fat content (24.87 ± 0.32%) was obtained with maggot flour from S 3 and the lowest content was found in S 2 (8.91 ± 0.30%).At the end of this experimental study, the substrate S 4 (25% of cow dung and 75% of RC) could be considered in large scale maggot production for animal feeding.

The objective of this study was to contribute in improving knowledge on rabbit feeding in Gabon. This work was conducted with the aim of studying carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat from rabbit induced by feeds containing P. phaseoloides. To that effect, 20 young female rabbits from local breed, weighing averagely 611 ± 33.20 g and aged about 6 weeks were randomly distributed in 4 groups of 5 animals each. The groups R0, R15, R20 and R25 were fed rations containing respectively 0%, 15%, 20% and 25% of P. phaseoloides. At the end of the trial, animals were slaughtered then eviscerated in order to evaluate carcass characteristics. Muscles were taken, ground and mixed for chemical analysis. No matter the ration, carcass characteristics showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Highest protein contents in meat were recorded in animals from R15 (23.90% DM) and R20 (22.46% DM). The lowest fat content (5.41% DM) was that of animals from R25, followed by that from R20 (6.67% DM). Based on these results obtained, the ration containing 20% Pueraria phaseolides (R20) could be recommended.

La valorisation des ressources phytogénétiques non conventionnelles pour l’amélioration de la qualité des aliments pour animaux a motivé cette recherche. L’étude menée à la ferme et aux Laboratoires de Génétique et de Biochimie de l’Université Nangui Abrogoua, à Abidjan, en Côte d’Ivoire, a été réalisée dans le but d’évaluer les effets des tourteaux de graines de Citrullus lanatus et de Lagenaria siceraria sur les performances croissance du poulet de chair, pendant 42 jours. Pour la réalisation de cet essai, les poussins ont été répartis au hasard dans sept box à raison de 40 sujets correspondant chacun à un aliment (BT0 ; BT1Cl (10%) ; BT2Cl (20%) ; BT3Cl (30%) ; BT1Ls (10%) ; BT2Ls (20%) ; BT3Ls (30%)). La pesée des différentes rations servies et des refus se faisait avant toute nouvelle distribution, pour l’évaluation de l’ingestion. Les animaux ont été pesés périodiquement pour la détermination de leur croissance journalière. Il ressort des résultats que, quel que soit l’âge, le poids des animaux nourris à la ration témoin a été plus élevée que ceux enregistrés au niveau des sujets soumis aux rations contenant les tourteaux de cucurbites. Il varie de 1127,77± 3,45 g à 748,75 ± 1,25 g avec l’aliment témoin ; de 455,12 ± 2,19 à 177,50 ± 1,50 g avec l’aliment contenant Citrullus lanatus (bebu) et de 470,51 ± 2,49 à 275,00 ± 1,61g avec l’aliment contenant Lagenaria siceraria. Le GMQ est plus élevé chez les sujets alimentés à la ration témoin que chez ceux ayant reçu les cucurbites dans leurs rations ; il varie de 84,52 ± 1,04 g / j à 62,38 ± 0,45 g / j avec l’aliment témoin ; de 28,57 ± 0,35 à 8,81 ± 0,16 g / j avec l’aliment contenant Citrullus lanatus (bebu) et de 22,86 ± 0,24à 9,76 ± 0,18g / j avec l’aliment contenant Lagenaria siceraria. Par ailleurs, les IC les plus intéressants ont été obtenus chez les sujets soumis aux rations contenant les cucurbites ; il varie de 1,78 ± 0,01 à 0,35 ± 0,01 avec la ration contenant Citrullus lanatus (bebu) ; de 1,83 ± 0,00 à 0,68 ± 0,01 avec l’aliment contenant Lagenaria siceraria et de 4,44 ± 0,01 à 1,47 ± 0,02 avec l’aliment témoin.

To assess the effects of two rations on growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fry, a study was carried out at the Peyrie fish farm station in Libreville, Gabon. To this effect, 3000 fry aged 14 days with 80 mg live weight were used. The animals were randomly distributed into six plastic tanks of 0.62 m3 each with three replications per treatment. They were fed the ration T, a ration formulated with fishmeal and broiler chick feed, and the commonly used ration (CR), within 4 weeks. Weight growth, mean weight gain (MWG), daily individual growth (DIG), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), nutrient quotient (NQ), protein efficiency ratio (PER), quantity of feed distributed and manufacturing cost per kg of feed were evaluated. It appears that there is no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the growth parameters of the fry regardless of the ration (T and CR). Thus, at the end of the study, for the CR and the ration T, a final mean weight of 3.481 ± 1.02 g vs 3.409 ± 0.97 g respectively was obtained; a MWG of 3.401 ± 0.31 g vs 3.330 ± 0.23 g; a DIG of 20.24 ± 7.44 mg/day vs 19.82 ± 5.58 mg/day, a SGR of 1.54 ± 0.22% mg/day vs 1.49 ± 0.27% mg/day and a SR of 26.13 ± 4.44% vs 20.60 ± 1.47%. In addition, a NQ of 1.52 ± 1.08 vs 1.21 ± 0.65 and a PER of 1.41 ± 0.81 vs 1.84 ± 0.39 and the quantity of feed of 1.96 kg vs 1.77 kg were also determined. In view of all these results, the ration T can be recommended for feeding Clarias gariepinus fry at the age of 14 days.

The objective of this study was to compare maggots' production in different substrates following an experimental design of six treatments (S1, 1000 g of brewery wet grains -BWG; S2, 900 g of BWG and 100 g of blood; S3, 1000 g of dung; S4, 900 g of dung and 100 g of blood; S5, 1000 g of rumen content; and S6, 900 g of rumen content and 100 g of blood) repeated trice.121 flies were collected and identified and 5 days after putting in place the experimental set up, larvae were collected.6 families of flies, namely Calliphoridae (50.41%),Muscidae (18.18%),Sacrophagidae (12.40%),Strationomiydae (8.26%), Piophilidae (5.79%) and Syrphidae (4.96%) were identified.The highest fresh biomass (41.67±3.51g) was obtained with S6 and S2 (21.33±15.63g).The mean highest length (2.62±1.01cm) was obtained with S3.The highest dry matter (DM) (23.89±2.90%)was obtained with S2 and the lowest DM with S6 (13.56±2.90%).The lowest values of crude proteins (CP) were obtained in S4 (32.82±10.05%)and S6 (33.82±0.18%).Highest fats contents were obtained in S2 (43.93±1.46%)and S4 (26.99±1.12%).In short, S2 can be used for maggots' production.

An estimation of the diversity and structure of the flora of the savannas of southeastern Gabon, was carried out in n2019. Four (4) sites: Benguia (Be), Carrière (Ca), Moulendé (Mo) and Mapouba (Ma), have been identify near Franceville. The study plan consisted of delineating a main plot of 50 x 50 m, in the center of each site. Then, four (4) elementary plots of 25 x 25 m each were individualize there. The data collected on each of them concerned: the floristic inventory of the sites, from the transect method, using the diagonals of the elementary plots as linear plots and the analysis of diversity and floristic structure.19 species including 7 forage species were identified. The specific richness showed an abundance of grasses. Hyparrhenia diplandra was the most common species. Jaccard index (<0,5) showed that there was no similarity between the sites. Diversities were low (H ’<1 bits) whatever the site; these structures are made up of a homogeneous population. The equitability values are all less than 0.5, the numbers of the plants are not in equilibrium between them and only Hyparrhenia diplandra and Schyzachyrium platyphyllum benefit from almost all of the space.

En saison sèche, les compléments alimentaires offerts aux petits ruminants contiennent généralement du son de blé ou du maïs, qui ne sont pas toujours disponibles. Or, les feuilles d’Albizia lebbeck, légumineuse couramment rencontrée dans la région de Franceville, pourrait constituer une alternative à l’utilisation des céréales dans des rations pour ruminants. C’est ainsi que, les caractéristiques physiques et l’ingestion des blocs multinutritionnels (BMN) à base des feuilles d’Albizia lebbeck associées à la paille d’Hyparrhenia diplandra chez la brebis Djallonké, ont été étudiés à Franceville au Gabon en 2017. Trois formules de blocs multinutritionnels à savoir BMN0 (bloc à base de son de blé), BMN50 (son de blé substitué à 50% par les feuilles d’Albizia lebbeck) et BMN100 (son de blé substitué à 100% par les feuilles d’Albizia lebbeck), ont été utilisées. Les caractéristiques physiques des blocs (cohésion, dureté et couleur) ont été évaluées après séchage pendant 21 jours. Un dispositif en carré latin (3x3) a permis d’évaluer l’appétibilité et l’ingestion des blocs multinutritionnels associés à la paille d’Hyparrhenia diplandra chez les brebis Djallonké en saison sèche. Les résultats ont montré que la cohésion s’est dégradée avec le niveau croissant d’inclusion des feuilles d’Albizia lebbeck ; tandis que la dureté était moyenne pour le BMN50 et le BMN100. Les ingestions des BMN étaient de 133,72±27,35 ; 200,90±61,46 et 235,96±106,48 gMS/j/animal, correspondant à des niveaux d’appétibilité de 24,8±2,70 34,17±4,45 et 46,89±8,16%, respectivement pour les blocs BMN0, BMN50 et BMN100. Cette étude a révélé aussi que, la consommation des blocs avec inclusion des feuilles d’Albizia lebbeck a augmenté significativement l’ingestion de la paille d’Hyparrhenia diplandra. Aussi, cette légumineuse pourrait constituer une alternative à l’utilisation du son de blé dans les blocs à nutriments multiples en saison sèche. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots clés: Alimentation, appétibilité, Franceville, légumineuses, petits ruminants English Title: Physical characteristics and intake of multinutrient blocks (BMN) based on Albizia lebbeck leaves associated with Hyparrhenia diplandra’s straw in Djallonké ewes in southeastern of Gabon English Abstract In the dry season, feed supplements for small ruminants usually contain wheat bran or corn, which are not always available. However, the leaves of Albizia lebbeck, legume commonly found in the region of Franceville, could be an alternative to the use of cereals in ruminant rations. Thus, the physical characteristics and intake of Albizia lebbeck leaves based multinutrient blocks (BMN) as supplement to Hyparrhenia diplandra’s straw in Djallonké ewes, were studied at Franceville in 2017. Three types of multinutrient blocks namely BMN0 (block of wheat bran without Albizia lebbeck leaves), BMN50 (wheat bran substituted 50% by Albizia lebbeck leaves) and BMN100 (wheat bran substituted 100% by Albizia lebbeck leaves), were used for this study. The physical characteristics (cohesion, hardness and color) of blocks were evaluated after drying in the shade during 21 days in a well-ventilated area. A Latin square arrangement (3x3) was used to assess the palatability and intake of multinutrient blocks associated with Hyparrhenia diplandra straw for Djallonké ewes at dry season. The results showed that the blocks cohesions of blocks degraded with the increasing level of inclusion of Albizia lebbeck leaves; while hardness was medium for BMN50 and BMN100. Intake of BMN was 133.72 ± 27.35; 200.90 ± 61.46 and 235.96 ± 106.48 gDM/d/animal, corresponding to a palatability of 24.8±2.70, 34.17±4.45 and 46.89±8.16%, respectively for BMN0, BMN50 and BMN100. This study also revealed that consumption of blocks with inclusion of Albizia lebbeck leaves significantly increased Hyparrhenia diplandra’s straw intake. Also, this legume could be an alternative to using wheat bran in multinutrient blocks at dry season. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Feeding, Franceville, legumes, palatability, small ruminants

The leaves of three grasses (Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Pennisetum purpureum and Tripsacum laxum) were collected in Franceville at rainy season, then dried and crushed to determine their chemical composition. An in vitro digestibility study was carried out with ovine ruminal fluid (LRO) and goat ruminal fluid (LRC), according to the “gas-test” method. The results of this study showed that the dry matter and neutral detergent fiber contents had no significant differences between the fodders. A significantly higher value of the crud protein content was observed for P. purpureum (13.04%DM), while it was rather low for T. laxum (7.16%DM). Furthermore, the origin of ruminal fluid had influenced in various ways the parameters of in vitro degradability of fodders. The highest produced gas, in vitro organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy and fatty volatil acids values were obtained with the LRC for all fodder species. The percentages of in vitro dry matter digestibility obtained with LRO and LRC had no significant differences (p > 0.05), from E. crus-pavonis (respectively 40.01 and 30.49%), P. purpureum (respectively 31.79 and 30.1%) and T. laxum (respectively 37.58 and 37.62%). Finally, Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Pennisetum purpureum and Tripsacum laxum could constitute basic fodder in the diet of small ruminants. However, Echinochloa crus-pavonis appeared to show better qualities to fulfill the nutritional needs of animals in rainy season.

In the light of evaluating the chemical characteristics of Cavis meat, 54 animals of age 3 weeks, partitioned in 3 groups of 18 animals each (9 males and 9 females), were monitored individually up to 8 weeks of age and subsequently used for the exercise. Each group received a ration containing 14%, 16% or 18% of crude protein (CP). After 12 hours of fasting/starving, all the animals were slaughtered and muscles (loin, shoulder and thigh) were obtained. The lipid content of the loin of Cavis placed on the ration containing 16% CP (1.75%FM) was comparable (p>0.05) to that of animals that consumed diet containing 14% and 18%CP, respectively 2.50% FM and 1.68% FM. The lipid content of the shoulder muscle from Cavis placed on 16% and 18%CP in their rations were statistically comparable (p>0.05), respectively 2.50% FM and 3.44% FM, but significantly (p 0.05) between the different muscle parts, that of lipids, proteins and ash of the thigh muscles were significantly (p 0.05) to that of animals placed on a diet containing 14% and 16% CP. The sodium content of the loin of cavis placed on a ration containing 14% CP was comparable (p>0.05) to that of animals fed with rations containing 16% and 18% CP. The potassium content of the thigh of Cavis placed on a diet of 16% and 18% CP was comparable (p>0.05) but significantly (p 0.05) but significantly (p 0.05) between the different parts of the muscle, the Ca, Na, K and Fe proportions of the thigh muscle were significantly (p>0.05) higher than those of the shoulder and loin muscles.

Objective: This study is conducted, to know the chemical composition at different periods of the dry season, of four major fodder shrubs (Albizia lebbeck, Leucaena leucocephala, Morinda lucida and Senna siamea), used to supplement poor fodders in animal feed, in the conditions of southeast Gabon.Methodology and results: The leaves of each species were harvested at the beginning, at mid-season and at the end of dry season. They were dried and crushed to determine their chemical composition. The results showed that, with A. lebbeck, the levels of DM obtained at mid-season and the end that one, were higher (P<0.05) than at the first harvest. The levels of DM and CP obtained at mid-season and the end of dry season, with L. leucocephala were higher (p<0.05) than those observed at beginning. Variations of DM and CP levels of M. lucida leaves and DM content of S. siamea leaves were not significant (p>0.05). In addition, catechic tannins were not found in the leaves of S. siamea. However, the variations of this tannins type, observed in the leaves of L. leucocephala, M. lucida and A. lebbeck were not significant (p>0.05). On the other hand, the contents of gallic tannins measured in the leaves of S. siamea decreased at the end of the dry season (p<0.05).Conclusion: Finally, it appears that these species showed few variations in protein, cellulose and tannins throughout the dry season. Taking into account the results obtained, the shrub species studied could constitute good forage in supplementation of poor grass in the dry season. However, L. leucocephala and S. siamea should be used with much moderation for the feeding of ruminants, given the presence of gallic tannins in their leaves. Nevertheless, it would be important to study the digestibility of these forages in the dry season.Key words: legumes, fabaceae, rubiaceae, ruminants, tannins.

Au Cameroun, l’élevage des cobayes se pratique encore dans les cuisines et à même le sol et leur alimentation est essentiellement à base des déchets de cuisine. Le souci d’intensifier la production nécessite la détermination des besoins réels du cobaye afin d’asseoir de façon rationnelle sa table de rationnement. L’objectif de ce travail est donc de déterminer les taux optimums de protéines dans son alimentation en fonction de son état physiologique. Pour cet essai, 75 femelles ont été préalablement mises en croisement avec 12 mâles pendant une période de 31 jours selon un dispositif factoriel de trois lots comptant 25 femelles chacun. Chaque lot recevait une ration contenant 18%, 20% ou 22% de protéine brute (PB). Après le sevrage, 54 jeunes cobayes ont été constitués en 3 lots homogènes de 18 animaux (9 mâles et 9 femelles) chacun. Chaque lot recevait une ration contenant 14%, 16% ou 18% de PB. Aucune différence significative (P > 0,05) n’a été observée entre la taille de la portée et les poids des femelles allaitantes de la mise-bas au sevrage. Le poids à la naissance des cochonnets des femelles recevant la ration contenant 22% de PB (RG22) a été significativement (p < 0,05) plus élevé que ceux issus des femelles des autres lots. Par ailleurs, les taux de fertilité (96%), de fécondité (184%), de fécondité nette (184%), de viabilité à la naissance (100%) et de viabilité au sevrage (97,83%) les plus élevés ont été également enregistrés chez ces femelles soumises à la ration contenant 22% de PB (RG22). Le gain total, le gain moyen quotidien (GMQ) et l’indice de consommation (IC), respectivement 60,20 g ; 2,15 g/j et 1,67 chez les mâles et 52,72 g ; 1,88 g/j et 2,63 chez les femelles, ont été meilleurs chez les animaux nourris à la ration contenant 16% de PB (RC16). Tous ces paramètres ont été significativement (P < 0,05) meilleurs chez les mâles comparés à ceux des femelles. Il en ressort que les rations contenant 22% (RG22) et 16% (RC16) de PB, conviennent respectivement aux cobayes en gestation et en croissance à l’Ouest Cameroun.Mots clés : Cobayes, protéines alimentaires, performances de reproduction, performances de croissance, Ouest-Cameroun.

La couverture des besoins nutritionnels des cobayes domestiques au Cameroun demeure un challenge surtout qu’ils sont essentiellement nourris aux graminees fourrageres. La supplementation de leur ration par des legumineuses fourrageres peut ameliorer leur productivite. L’objectif de ce travail est donc d’ameliorer l’alimentation de ces animaux a travers la diversification des sources de proteine de la ration. Pour cet essai, 48 femelles ont prealablement ete mises en croisement avec 8 mâles pendant une periode de 31 jours selon un dispositif factoriel de quatre lots comptant 12 femelles chacun. Chaque lot recevait Panicum maximum ad  libitum associe a 20 g/j/animal de l’aliment compose sans legumineuse (PM), contenant Arachis glabrata (PMAG),  Calliandra calothyrsus  (PM-CC) ou Desmodium intortum (PM-DI). Les resultats montrent qu’aucune difference significative (P u003e0,05) n’a ete observee entre les traitements de la naissance au sevrage pour les poids moyens des femelles allaitantes. A la naissance et au sevrage, les poids moyens les plus eleves des cochonnets etaient respectivement de 84,85 g et 170,67 g obtenu avec les animaux du lot PM-DI. Tenant compte de leur regime herbivore, les legumineuses de cette etude peuvent etre utilisees comme sources de proteine pour lu0027alimentation des cobayes en milieu rural sans affecter leurs performances de production. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Legumineuses fourragere, Panicum maximum , cobayes, performances de croissance English Title: Pre-weaning growth of cavies feed on Panicum maximum supplemented with diet containing Arachis glabrata , Calliandra calothyrsus or Desmodium intortum English Abstract Domestic cavies in Cameroon are essentially feed on graminaceous forages and then, to afford their nutrient requirement become a real challenge. The supplementation of their diet by leguminous forages can improve their productivity. This work aimed at improving cavies feeding through diversification of protein sources. For this trial, 48 female cavies were first put in breeding with 8 males for 31 days and then organized in a factorial design into four groups of 12 females each. Each groups received Panicum maximum ad libitum  associated to 20 g/day/animal of mixed food without leguminous forages (PM), or mixed feed containing  Arachis glabrata (PM-AG), Calliandra calothyrsus (PM-CC) or  Desmodium intortum (PM-DI). Results reveal no significant differences (P u003e 0.05) between treatments for the mean weekly live weighs of the breast-feeding females from parturition to weaning. At birth, the higher average live weight of young cavies was 84,85 g obtained with animal of group receiving the diet containing D. intortum . It was the same at weaning with the same group that has average weight of 170.67 g. Leguminous forages used in this trial can be included as protein sources in cavies feed in rural landscape without affecting their production performances. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Leguminous forages, Panicum maximum , cavies, growth performances

A study on the effect of the inclusion of graded levels of cassava leaf meal in the diet on post partum weight and pre-weaning growth of guinea pig was carried out from September 2012 to December 2012 at the teaching and research farm of the University of Dschang in West Cameroon. 72 guinea pigs (60 females and 12 males) weighing averagely 555,00±58,25g were divided following a completely randomized design into 4 groups of 15 females and 3 males each and put on breeding for a period of 31 days and then the males were removed. Each group received Pennisetumpurpureum ad libitum supplemented to four diets with graded levels of cassava leaf meal named ration R0, ration R1, ration R2 and ration R3 respectively for group 1, 2, 3 and 4. Samples of experimental diets were collected and taken to the laboratory of nutrition and feeding for analysis of their nutritive value. From birth to weaning, females and their kids were weighed every 7 days. This study revealed that, cassava leaves contained 26.29% of therefore indicating their potential to be used as protein source. The difference in the chemical composition of the experimental diets reflected the protein source. Thus, R3 diet containing 100% of CLM, obtained a lower crude protein (17.18% DM) and higher crude fiber (13.54% DM) with exactly the opposite trend for R0 diet containing 100% of soybean meal. No significant difference (P>0.05) has been observed between post partum weights of females in all the groups. At birth, mean weights of ne 94.00±9.78g; 98.64±13.20g; 98.75±8.70g and 94.00±9.88g respectively for diets R0, R1, R2 and R3 and all statistically comparable (P>0.05). Mean weights of kids at weaning for the diets R0, R1, R2 and R3 were 182.03±16.92g; 190.42±15.57g; 205.83±19.87g and 197.50±17.17 giving a daily weight gain of 4.19±0.60g; 4.37±0.57g; 5.10±0.79g and 4.93±0.60g respectively. At weaning, kids submitted to R2 diet (205.83±19.87) registered a mean weight significantly higher (P<0.05) to that of kids of R0 diet (1 Besides, mean weights of kids of R2 and R3 (197.50±17.17) diets, R0 and R1 (190.42±15.57) on the one hand, R1 and R3 on the other hand were statistically comparable (P>0.05). We can conclude that dried cassava leaves can substitute soybean meal and improve growth performances of guinea pigs at very low cost in rural area.

Soixante-douze cobayes âgés de 6 mois, pesant en moyenne 555,00 ± 58,25 g et répartis de manière aléatoire en 4 lots de 15 femelles et 3 mâles par lot ont été mis en croisement durant 31 jours à l’Université de Dschang afin d’évaluer leurs performances de reproduction. Tous les animaux recevaient ad libitum Pennisetum purpureum associé à 20 g d’une des rations RR0 (Témoin), RR8, RR10 et RR12 contenant 0, 8, 10 et 12% de farine de feuilles de manioc (FFM) respectivement. Les résultats ont montré que la complémentation n’a affecté (P>0,05) ni la croissance pondérale, ni les paramètres de reproduction. Toutefois, les femelles recevant la ration RR8 ont enregistré les taux de fertilité (100%), de fécondité (206,67%) et de viabilité au sevrage (100%) les plus élevés par rapport aux femelles des autres rations. L’augmentation de la FFM dans la ration a réduit (P<0,05) les pertes de poids au terme du sevrage. La complémentation à 10% de FFM a amélioré (P<0,05) les GT (356,56 g) et GMQ (4,99 g) pendant la gestation. L’incorporation de la FFM dans la ration a amélioré les performances de reproduction des cobayes.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Cavia porcellus, Pennisetum purpureum, tourteau de soja, faine de feuilles de manioc, gestation, performances de reproductionEnglish Title: Effects of inclusion of cassava leaf meal (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in the diet on reproductive performances of Cameroonian local guinea pig (Cavia porcellus L.)English AbstractSeventy two guinea pigs of six months old, weighing averagely 555.00 ± 58.25 g and distributed randomly in 4 groups of 15 females and 3 males per group were allowed to breed for 31 days at the University of Dschang in order to evaluate their reproductive performances. All animals received ad libitum Pennisetum purpureum associated to 20 g of one of the experimental diets RR0 (Control), RR8, RR10 and RR12 containing respectively 0, 8, 10 and 12% cassava leaf meal (CLM). Results revealed that complementation did not affect (P>0.05) neither growth rate nor reproductive parameters. Nevertheless, females receiving RR8 diet registered highest fertility (100%), fecundity (206.67 %) and viability rates at weaning (100%) compared to females of other diets. The increase of CLM in the diet reduced (P<0.05) weight losses at weaning. Complementation at 10% of CLM improved (P<0.05) total gain (356.56 g) and mean weekly gain (4.99 g) during the gestation period. The incorporation of CLM in the diet allows improving reproductive performances of guinea pigs.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Cavia porcellus, Pennisetum purpureum, soybean meal, cassava leaf meal, gestation, reproductive performances

La couverture des besoins nutritionnels des cobayes domestiques au Cameroun demeure un challenge surtout qu'ils sont essentiellement nourris aux graminées fourragères. La supplémentation de leur ration par des légumineuses fourragères peut améliorer leur productivité. L'objectif de ce travail est donc d'améliorer l'alimentation de ces animaux à travers la diversification des sources de protéine de la ration. Pour cet essai, 48 femelles ont préalablement été mises en croisement avec 8 mâles pendant une période de 31 jours selon un dispositif factoriel de quatre lots comptant 12 femelles chacun. Chaque lot recevait Panicum maximum ad libitum associé à 20 g/j/animal de l'aliment composé sans légumineuse (PM), contenant Arachis glabrata (PMAG), Calliandra calothyrsus (PM-CC) ou Desmodium intortum (PM-DI). Les résultats montrent qu'aucune différence significative (P >0,05) n'a été observée entre les traitements de la naissance au sevrage pour les poids moyens des femelles allaitantes. A la naissance et au sevrage, les poids moyens les plus élevés des cochonnets étaient respectivement de 84,85 g et 170,67 g obtenu avec les animaux du lot PM-DI. Tenant compte de leur régime herbivore, les légumineuses de cette étude peuvent être utilisées comme sources de protéine pour l'alimentation des cobayes en milieu rural sans affecter leurs performances de production.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Légumineuses fourragère, Panicum maximum, cobayes, performances de croissanceEnglish Title: Pre-weaning growth of cavies feed on Panicum maximum supplemented with diet containing Arachis glabrata, Calliandra calothyrsus or Desmodium intortumEnglish AbstractDomestic cavies in Cameroon are essentially feed on graminaceous forages and then, to afford their nutrient requirement become a real challenge. The supplementation of their diet by leguminous forages can improve their productivity. This work aimed at improving cavies feeding through diversification of protein sources. For this trial, 48 female cavies were first put in breeding with 8 males for 31 days and then organized in a factorial design into four groups of 12 females each. Each groups received Panicum maximum ad libitum associated to 20 g/day/animal of mixed food without leguminous forages (PM), or mixed feed containing Arachis glabrata (PM-AG), Calliandra calothyrsus (PM-CC) or Desmodium intortum (PM-DI). Results reveal no significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatments for the mean weekly live weighs of the breast-feeding females from parturition to weaning. At birth, the higher average live weight of young cavies was 84,85 g obtained with animal of group receiving the diet containing D. intortum. It was the same at weaning with the same group that has average weight of 170.67 g. Leguminous forages used in this trial can be included as protein sources in cavies feed in rural landscape without affecting their production performances.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Leguminous forages, Panicum maximum, cavies, growth performances

A study on the acaricidal properties of foam soap containing the essential oil ofChenopodium ambrosioidesleaves was carried out onRhipicephalus lunulatus. Four doses (0.03, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.12 µL of essential oil per gram of soap) and a control (soap without essential oil) with four replications for each treatment were used forin vitrotrial. Each replication consisted of 10 ticks in a Petri dish with filter paper impregnated with the foam soap on the bottom. Followingin vitrotrials, three doses (0.06, 0.09, and 0.12 µL/g) and the control in two replications were selected forin vivotest based on mortality rate recorded from thein vitrotrial. Each replication was made up of 10 goats naturally infested with ticks. Results show that soap containing essential oil is toxic toR. lunulatus. Thein vivomortality rate in the control on day 8 was 22.69% whereas the highest dose (0.12 µL/g) killed 96.29% of the ticks on day 8. The LD50of the foam soap containing essential oil was 0.037 and 0.059 µL/g on day 2 in the laboratory and on the farm, respectively. This indicates the potentially high efficiency of this medicated soap on this parasite.

Une etude sur l’utilisation de quelques legumineuses comme source de proteine sur la croissance pre-sevrage des cobayes (Cavia porcellus L.) nourris au Pennisetum purpureum a ete menee entre Octobre 2014 et Mars 2015 a la Ferme d’Application et de Recherche de la Faculte d’Agronomie et des Sciences Agricoles (FASA) de l’Universite de Dschang. Pour la realisation de cet essai, 48 femelles âgees d’environ 5 mois, pesant en moyenne 500 g et prealablement mises en croisement avec 8 mâles pendant une periode de 31 jours ont ete utilisees. Les animaux ont ete organises selon un dispositif factoriel (Ration et sexe des animaux) de quatre lots comptant 12 femelles par lot. Le lot temoin T0 recevait du P. purpureum ad libitum associe a 40g/j/animal d’un aliment compose simple tandis que les animaux des lots T1, T2 et T3 recevaient 40g/j/animal d’un aliment compose contenant respectivement Arachis glabrata (T1), Calliandra calothyrsus (T2) ou Desmodium intortum (T3). Les resultats de cette etude montre qu’aucune difference significative n’a ete observee ente les traitements T0, T2 et T3 alors que les femelles du lot T1 ont presente la chute de poids significativement la plus elevee. A la naissance, le poids moyen des cochonnets etait de 59,23; 77,31; 80,42 et 86,00g respectivement pour les traitements T0, T1, T2 et T3. La ration T3 a permis d’obtenir le poids moyen des cochonnets le plus eleve (86,00g). Au sevrage, ce poids est passe a 181,88g pour le meme traitement. Les gains totaux (GT) et les gains moyens quotidiens (GMQ) des cochonnets nourris a base des rations contenant les legumineuses ont permis d’obtenir les gains significativement (P 0,05) n’a ete observee entre les traitements pour ce qui est des gains gais de poids. Compte tenu de leur faible cout de production, les legumineuses apparaissent comme un complement de choix pour l’amelioration des performances de production des cobayes en milieu paysan. Mots cles: Legumineuses fourrageres, P. purpureum , cobayes, sources de proteines, performances de croissance English Abstract A study on the utilization of some legumes plants as protein sources in the pre-weaning growth of guinea pigs feed on Pennisetum purpureum between October 2014 and March 2015, was conducted at the Teaching and Experimental Farm of University of Dschang. To evaluate the growth performances, 48 females guinea pigs aged about 6 months and weighing averagely 500 g, were first put in breeding for a period of 31 days and then organized in a completely randomize design into four groups of 12 females each. The control group T0 received P. purpureum ad libitum associated to 40g/day/animal of mixed food only and animals of groups T1, T2 et T3 received 40g/j/animal of a mixed food containing respectively Arachis glabrata (T1), Calliandra calothyrsus (T2) or Desmodium intortum (T3). results of this study showed that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatment T0, T2 and T3 for the mean weekly live weighs of the breast-feeding females from parturition to weaning whereas breast-feeding females of group T1 present the weight fall significantly (P < 0.05) higher. At birth, the average live weighs of young guinea pigs were 59.23; 77.31; 80.42 and 86.00g respectively for T0, T1, T2 and T3 groups. The diet T3 has permitted to obtain the highest mean live weigh both at birth (86,00g) and weaning (181.88g) of the young animals. Animals feed on diet containing legumes plants have permitted to obtain gains significantly higher. These parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for males than for females. In general, animals from parity one was heavier than those of parity two but, no significant different was observed between treatments according to the body weight gains of young animals. Considering their low production cost, legumes plants appears to be good complement to improve the productive performances of the guinea pigs in small farmer environment. Keywords: Legumes plants, Pennisetum purpureum , guinea pigs, Protein sources, growth performances