Raw leaves and calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa are extremely perishable after harvesting due to their high water content. For better maintaining its nutrients and antioxidant coumpounds, different drying methods are used by population. Therefore, the present work focusses on the impact of drying methods on nutrients, colouring agents and antioxidant potential of leaves and calyces of H. sabdariffa. For this, three drying methods were used (oven-drying at 45 °C, sun-drying and shade-drying) and the obtained results showed that white leaves sun-dried recorded the lowest level (3.32 gOaE/100g dw) of acidity while the highest amount was observed from the red leaves oven-dried (5.11 gOaE/100g dw). However, red leaves shade-dried have high content of ash (7.10 %), proteins (37.24 gCE/100g dw), vitamin C (10.27 mgAaE/100g dw) and flavonoids (88.17 mgQE/100g dw) and having a strong DPPH-antiradical scavenging activity than white leaves and other drying methods. White leaves shade-dried are rich-source of ß-carotene (5.96 mg/100g dw), lutein (6.40 mg/100g dw), vitamin A (1.11 µgRE/100g dw) and chlorophylls B (13.57 mg/100g dw). Red calyces Sun-dried have great amount of polyphenols. Hence, shade-drying is the best drying method for leaves and calyces of H. sabdariffa.

Burnatia enneandra was traditionally used across the world for medicinal purposes. In Cameroon, this plant treats injuries, stomach aches and some intestinal parasites. Therefore, the bioactive molecules responsible for these potentials and their mechanisms of action remain unknown. This study investigates, for the first time, the antibacterial effects of isolated compounds from B. enneandra and their effective use for therapeutic purposes without side effects. The bioactive molecules of B. enneandra were obtained from ethyl acetate extract (EA.E) by applying various chromatographic methods. The structures were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS and 1D- & 2D-NMR spectroscopic data in addition to literature. The antibacterial activity was evaluated on four bacteria strains. As a results, one new diterpenoid of the clerodane (1) type, together with five known diterpenoids (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), was isolated in the EA.E of B. enneandra tubers. All tested negative-gram bacteria strains showed high MIC against isolated compound (1) at 0.04 µmol/mL.

In developing countries, the demand for water and consecutive abstraction for groundwater is increasing. Far North Cameroon is a region with limited water resources, making groundwater a critical source for drinking and irrigation. While groundwater contamination has been studied previously, this study is the first to assess how anthropogenic activities and water–rock interaction jointly determine the suitability of borehole water for domestic and irrigation uses in this region. Water samples were collected from 47 boreholes across the study area from January to April 2023. The water samples were evaluated for 21 physicochemical and bacteriological parameters, employing standard techniques. Quality and suitability of water were evaluated using an integrated approach combining water quality benchmarks, indices, Wilcox diagram, Piper diagram and multivariate analyses to assess groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes. Results showed that 66.67

Numerous quantity of fruits are wasted annually because of its short postharvest life. To prevent the huge loss during production, fruits may be processed into many products. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the physicochemical and sensory properties of wines produced from doum palm fruits and stored for three months after, preserved by the use of antioxidant substance. The obtained results showed that pH values of the studied wines decrease inversely to the adding sugar percentage. The wines which were stored in the presence of light have very low total protein content (S15AL (0.47) and S15aL (0.74 mg/mL)). The ethanol and titratable acidity content was decreased in all the wines protected by antioxidant and the absence of light after three months. However, the highest value in polyphenols (3.58 mg EqAG/mL) was observed with S10AL prepared with 10 % sugar with the addition of antioxidant and stored for three months in the presence of light. The polyphenols content in all the wines were increased except S15AL, S15Al after 3 months. Most of the non-preserved wines showed a better anti-free radical activity than the preserved wines. Hence, the pulp of doum palm fruit has the ability to be transformed into wine having a good quality.

The study assessed effects of plant growth and seasons of harvesting cassava (M. esculenta) leaves (CL) on antioxidants and heavy metals (HMs). The CL of five varieties include TMS92/0326, TMS96/1414, IRAD4115, EN and AD were collected at different months after planting (MAP) and seasons. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) effects of harvesting month and season on HMs. However Pb and Co were not found at 6 MAP and 9 MAP. Cd was also not found in IRAD4115, EN and AD at 15 MAP. Besides, higher content of HMs was observed in dry than in rainy season. All these variations were visualized by principal component analysis (PC1 x PC2: 58.15%). Concerning the antioxidant, it was also varied significantly through seasons and within varieties. This study revealed that CL are moderate in HMs and rich in antioxidant compounds at different growth and season, however 6-9MAP are the safe hervest periods while TMS96/1414 and EN varieties are recommended for healthy consumption.

Food legumes in general and Bambara groundnut in particular can be food species used to solve the problem of undernourishment. The objective of this study is to determine some physicochemical characteristics of the leaves and seeds of twenty Bambara groundnut accessions grown in the Far North of Cameroon. The experimental design set up is a completely randomized block comprising twenty Bambara groundnut accessions replicated four times. The test was conducted in a greenhouse during the dry season. The results revealed highly significant differences (p<0.01) in the physicochemical characters of the leaves and seeds of the twenty Bambara groundnut accessions, suggesting variability within the species. The total carbohydrate content ranged from 1.47% (VZ118) to 4.47% (VZ110) in leaves and from 13.67% (VZ117) to 21.14% (VZ113) in seeds. The total protein content ranged from 24.57% (VZ116) to 32.38% (VZ102) in leaves and 23.72% (VZ104) to 26.70% (VZ118) in seeds. Crude fiber content ranged from 9.56% (VZ118) to 20.83% (VZ109) in leaves and from 20.68% (VZ116) to 40.93% (VZ118) in seeds. Moreover, the accessions are grouped in four classes showing that each class have accessions with similar traits. These results could be used in varietal improvement programs and the valorization of existing Bambara groundnut accessions.

The present work investigates the phytochemical study and the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Column chromatography separation on silica gel of fractions led to the isolation of a new limonoid derivative named digsecokigelianolide (1), as well as nine known compounds (2-10). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1 & 2D NMR, IR, UV, mass spectrometry and comparison with previous reported data. Compound 1 showed moderate antiradical activity (IC50 = 181.12 µg/mL) against ABST•+ radical compared to BHT (159.48 µg/mL) used as standard, and a good antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi (MIC: 22.0 mm), Escherichia coli (MIC: 15.0 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 20 mm) at the concentration of 25 mg/mL. Compound 9 and 10 showed good antiradical (which ranges from 56.39 to 61.16% of inhibition) and antibacterial (which ranges from 12 to 20 mm of inhibition zone) activities.

Fungal infections constitute a serious public health concerned due to the development of resistance to therapy. To better manage this problem, the use of botanical extracts such as essential oils is one of the alternative tools. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the chemical composition and the antidermatophytic activity of S. ocymoides and D. microcarpum leaves essential oils extracts on fungal strains. Fact, the chemical composition of the investigated essential oils was determined both by chromatography/flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods while the antidermatophytic activity on 5 dermatophytes strains was performed using the solid medium diffusion method. The obtained results showed that the chemical composition and antidermatophytic activity of the two essential oils varied significantly according to plant species. However, 27 compounds were identified in S. ocymoides essential oil with Cubitene (50.34 %), Thiazole (15.52 %) and alpha-cendrene (6.43 %) as major components while 47 constituents were found in D. microcarpum with Pentenol (36.38 %), Evodione (11.04 %) and gamma-bibosalene (5.08 %) being the most abundant. Antidermatophytic activity evaluation showed that all fungi tested were inhibited by these two studied essentials oils. The S. ocymoides essential oil was more active than griseofulvin against the dermatophytes studied with MICs and MCFs of 75 mu L/L against E. floccosum. D. microcarpum essential oil activity against M. audouinii was similar to griseofulvin at 250 mu L/L. S. ocymoides essential oil was the most efficient against dermatophytes and can be used in the formulation of new antifungal drugs.

The identification foods or crops that are good for the planet and human consumption is one of the approaches to maintain biodiversity which needs many efforts. Fact, efficient exploitation of natural resources could be an alternative solution. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate for nutritional value and antioxidant capacities of five leafy vegetables consumed from Cameroon in their fresh form. The collected samples were oven-dried at 60 °C, then powdered and proximate composition, coloring agents and phenolic compounds content were quantified. The obtained results highlighted that the amount of these leaves components varied significantly between species. However, proteins and total fibers content were high in H. sabdariffa (39.10 g/100 g) and M. charantia (31.97 g/100 g), respectively while, β-carotene is their predominant carotenoid. Chlorphylls a and b were in high content of M. charantia (16.51 mg/100 g) and H. sabdariffa (9.15 mg/100 g), respectively. Moreover, C. oletorius recorded the highest Na (84.02 mg/100 g), P (542.18 mg/100 g) and Fe (9.46 mg/100 g) amounts. Additionally, M. charantia has hight polyphenols (361.80 mgGaE/100 g) and tannins (133.75 mgCaE/100 g) content which exhibited more antioxidant activities. These studied leafy vegetables have less oxalate and phytate amount. Hence, leafy vegetables studied are good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds which can be consumed to limit malnutrition and chronic diseases.

Postharvest losses of tomatoes during production by insect pests constitute a call for researchers worldwide. To further manage tomato pests and diseases, Ficus religiosa leaves extract was used comparatively to synthetic insecticide in dry and rainy seasons, where growth parameters of tomato plants and physicochemical characterization of fruits were assessed. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at market garden site of Dowedou village with furrow irrigation during the offseason (29-45 degrees C) and in rainy season (20-37 degrees C). The solutions of chemical insecticide, aqueous leaves extract of Ficus religiosa and water were applied twice per day using a maintained pressure sprayer very early in the morning (5.30 a.m) and late in the evening (6.00 p.m) on each subplot of tomato planted. The results showed that Ficus religiosa leaves extract was rich of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and tannins which differed significantly (P < 0.05) according to solvent. The number of leaves, flowers and fruits was less in plant with applied Ficus religiosa extract like synthetic insecticide. In rainy season, Ficus religiosa extract recorded the highest yield (72 %) followed by synthetic insecticide (64 %). In rainy and dry seasons, the higher amount of carbohydrates (4.4 and 4.9 gEG/100 g) was shown by tomato plants treated with Ficus religiosa extract whereas, the less value of carbohydrates was revealed in fruits of untreated tomato plants (3.4 and 2.7 gEG/100 g, respectively). According to proteins content, the applied synthetic insecticide on tomato plants cultivated in both seasons have fruits with high level (4.8 and 5.8 gEBSA/100 g) than fruits of tomato plants treated with Ficus religiosa extract (4.2 and 5.3 gEBSA/100 g). Moreover, lycopene was the abundant carotenoid in tomato fruits produced without or applied treatment. Total polyphenols content of fruits produced in dry season varied from untreated tomato plants (55 mgGaE/100 g) to tomato plants with applied chemical substance (190 mgGaE/100 g) while in the rainy season, tomato plants treated with Ficus religiosa leaves extract have fruits with high level followed by chemical treatment (274 mgGaE/100 g). Generaly, Ficus religiosa extract produced fruits with low potential antioxidant activities evaluated by the DPPH (109 and 140 mgET/100 g) and FRAP (271 and 379 mgET/100 g) methods in both seasons. Ficus religiosa leaves extract is an alternative treatment to control tomato pests and diseases. Therefore, characterization of the individual bioactive compounds in the Ficus religiosa leaves extract need to perform in the future.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing global health crisis requiring effective management strategies, including the control of postprandial hyperglycemia. Inhibiting key carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, namely α-amylase and α-glucosidase, is a proven therapeutic approach. However, many current inhibitors have undesirable side effects. This study examines the anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential of bioactive compounds isolated from Piliostigma thonningii, a plant with a history of traditional use in treating diabetes, employing both in vitro and in silico approaches. A multifaceted approach was employed to elucidate the chemical profile and bioactive potential of the P. thonningii methanolic extract. This approach combined chromatographic separation, spectroscopic characterization, and in vitro antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, HRSA, and FRAP assays) and anti-diabetic evaluations. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were employed to predict the binding affinities and stabilities of isolated compounds with α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The methanolic extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity, comparable to that of the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The highest DPPH anti-radical activity was exhibited by kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1−2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (10) (IC50 = 172.45 µg/mL, 69.48 % inhibition). In addition, the methanol (MeOH) extract demonstrated potent anti-diabetic activity in vitro, exhibiting the lowest IC50 values for both α-amylase (184.45 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (175.61 µg/mL) inhibition. Among the isolated compounds, genkwanin (5) displayed promising inhibitory activity against both enzymes (α-amylase IC50: 180.95 µg/mL, α-glucosidase IC₅₀: 174.95 µg/mL), while epicatechin (4) and shikimic acid (2) showed notable and moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, respectively (epicatechin IC₅₀: 201.51 µg/mL, shikimic acid IC₅₀: 196.25 µg/mL). Vitexin (6) and genkwanin (5) were identified as the most potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors in silico, with binding affinities of −8.6 kcal/mol and −8.5 kcal/mol, respectively. This study identifies compounds derived from P. thonningii, particularly vitexin (6) and genkwanin (5), as promising natural inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The findings indicate that the plant may serve as a valuable source of antioxidants and anti-diabetic compounds, thereby supporting its traditional medicinal applications and suggesting a pathway for the development of new, natural-based therapies for type 2 diabetes.

The present work aims to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of Bambara groundnut operators, the management method of this crop (cultivation practices) and the constraints that hinder its good production in Far North region of Cameroon. To achieve this, 1412 people without sex distinguish were interviewed in 109 villages and the survey was done in 40 markets. The obtained results identified three actors namely producers, traders and consumers. Active people (18 to 40 years and 41 to 60 years old) are the most involved in Bambara groundnut production and marketing activities. Women and men participate in Bambara groundnut production activities: 59.06 % and 40.94 % respectively. Marketing activities are more devolved to women (82.8 %) than men (17.2 %). Bambara groundnut cultivation has not been abandoned as several authors have pointed out, but there is a real problem of outlets (growth markets) and transformation into other by-products in commercial spaces. The lack of improved seeds (100 % of respondents) and the lack of data on cultivation techniques would contribute to the drop in yield of this crop in the Far North of Cameroon.

Ficus platyphylla is a plant of the Moraceae family, widely used in traditional Cameroonian pharmacopoeia for several pathologies including diabetes mellitus. This work aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bark (AEFP) in Wistar rats. In fact, a high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in male rats. Animals declared diabetic were selected, divided into groups, and treated for 28 days with insulin (175 µg/kg), metformin (40 mg/kg), and AEFP (93, 186, and 372 mg/kg). Parameters such as body weight and water and food consumption, glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin and hepatic glycogen levels, activities of some hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, markers of hepatorenal function, pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative and lipid profiles, and histological examination of the pancreas were evaluated. AEFP increased body weight, glycogen levels, reduced glutathione, total protein, HDL-c, and hemoglobin, as well as glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities. In contrast, AEFP reduced food and water intake and glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, glycosylated hemoglobin, nitric oxide, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels. AEFP also decreased transaminase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate activities, as well as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. These results confirm the hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of AEFP.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycaemia accompanied by greater or lesser impairment in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, including defects in either insulin secretion or response. The function of pancreatic cells gradually declines before the onset of clinical hyperglycemia. Its prevalence is increasing everywhere, especially in the developing countries due to the consumption of unknown glycemic index (GI) foods. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the GI of some local meals from Chad. In this purpose, ten meals were investigated and 60 non-diabetic volunteers were recruited in the present study. The proximate composition and the GI of these meals were determined. Results showed that 5 main ingredients (Hibiscus esculentus, Ipomea batata, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Corchorus oletorius and seeds of Parkia biglobosa) differentiate the meals. Soluble sugars and total carbohydrates levels showed a significant (p < 0.05) difference between meals (staples and sauces). The highest value of total carbohydrate of staples was found in Peeled dried sorghum ((BD); 31.80 %) while Cooked rice ((RZ); 19.82 %) has the lowest amount. Then, total carbohydrate content of sauces was in the range of 3.95 % (Leaves of Corchorus oletorius (MLK)) and 8.76 % (Dried okra + Fresh meat (GSV)) while, Sorrel leaves + Smoked fish ((OSP); 2.51 %) and Dried okra + Smoked fish ((GSP); 1.31 %) recorded the highest and lower values of soluble sugars, respectively. Moreover, Peeled dried maize + Dried okra + Fresh meat (MD/GSV) meal showed the highest GI (115.76 %) while the lowest value was found with Cooked rice + Sorrel leaves + Smoked fish (RZ/OZP) meal (31.08 %). The GI of Peeled dried maize + Fresh okra + Fresh meat (MD/GFV) attained a peak of 140 at 40 min while the peak of 130 was obtained with Peeled dried maize + Fresh okra + Smoked fish (MD/GFP) meal at the same time compared to glucose (160 at 40 min). Five meals (OSP/RZ; MD/GFP; MD/GFV; BD/GFP and BD/MLK) were low GI foods and were the best meals for human-being in terms of preventing diabetes mellitus. The consumption of such meals can provide a substantial contribution to the improvement of the Chadian diets.

Phytochemical study of the root barks of Cassia arereh resulted in the isolation of a new phenolic ester, 3 '-hydroxy-4 '-methoxystyrenyl-(E)-p-coumarate (1) isolated for the first time from natural source, alongside eight known compounds (2-9). Compounds 1, 7 and 8 are depicted for the first time from Cassia genus. The structures of all compounds were established through NMR analysis (1D and 2D), High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) and comparison with previously reported data in literature. Antioxidant activity was investigated through DPPH method while the antibacterial activity was done by the disc diffusion method on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains. Results showed that the methanol extract and compound 7 displayed significant (p < 0.01) DPPH radical scavenging activity which is comparable to BHT used as standard with IC50 values of 118.04 and 122.24 g/mL respectively. Otherwise, the same extract and compound 7 also showed significant antibacterial activity against S. typhi and E. coli with MIC values of 30 and 40 mu g/mL, respectively. This research confirm the traditional use of Cassia arereh to treat ailments and provide supplementary data on its chemical profile and pharmacological potential.

The preservation of post-harvest losses of cowpeas constitutes a major challenge for producers worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the nutritional qualities of cowpea seeds treated with a bioinsecticide formulated from M. charantia leaves extract in association with gum arabic/kaolinite composite. Three bio-insecticides were formulated using different ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol solvents. These bioinsecticides were obtained by introducing each into a bottle, 10 g of composite in 10 mL of a solution (1 mg/L of extract each extract). However, 5 doses of each formulation (1 %-5 %) were prepared. Each dose of insecticide powders received 20 g of cowpea seeds and then infested with 10 C. maculatus previously starved for 48 h. Then, the biochemical parameters of untreated and treated cowpea seeds using the methanol formulation were evaluated. The obtained results showed that insecticide formulated at 5 % with methanol induced 100 % mortality rate on the second day of treatment with a lethal dose of 0.10% which is related to its high content of triterpenes and polyphenols. The untreated (UWH) and treated (TWH) seeds without husk have the same contents of ash (2.19 %), proteins (29.14 %), fibers (2.69 %), vitamin C (147.32 mg/100 g) and carbohydrates (53.20 %), while untreated and treated seeds with husk showed the same values in these nutrients even for minerals content. Hence, biochemical analyzes of cowpea seeds treated with the formulated insecticide showed no change in nutritional quality and M. charantia leaves extract in association with gum arabic/kaolinite composite could be used as insect repellent.

BackgroundS. setigera is widely used in traditional medicine throughout the world. Ethnobotanical surveys have revealed its use to handle diabetes. This present research investigated the antioxidant potential and improvement activities of S. setigera Delile on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.MethodsMale rats fed high-fat diet for 6 weeks followed by a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) induced hyperglycemia. 72 hours after injection of streptozotocin, diabetic rats received treatment for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose was measured. Serum biochemical and hepatic biomarkers were evaluated. A hepatic histological study was performed. Oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed in liver.ResultsDoses of 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced the blood glucose with the reduction index of 53.75 and 62.1%, respectively. There was also good improvement in lipid profile and insulin. The dose of 400 mg/kg better reduced subcutaneous fat mass with a difference in reduction index (1.5 to 5.8%). The extract resulted in a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and an increase in catalase activities. The extract showed significant inhibitory potential towards α-amylase 18.78% to 55.91% and α-glucosidase 23.91% to 67.76%.ConclusionS. setigera extract could thus reverse insulin resistance and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats induced.

Gout is a metabolic arthritis that originates from increased accumulation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints. This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the hydromethanolic extract of Gnidia kraussiana (HEGK) using model of Gouty arthritis on mice. The total polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin content and the antioxidant activity of HEGK were also evaluated. MSU-injected mice were treated daily for 3 days with HEGK (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Indomethacin and colchicin were used as reference drugs. Paw oedema and body temperature were measured at different time intervals post-injection. Malondialdehyde, acid phosphatase, β-Galactosidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were evaluated. HEGK is rich in polyphenol (129.93 mg/100 g), flavonoid (67.78 mg/100 g) and tannin conferring it a high antioxidant activity. Acute oral toxicity of HEGK resulted in LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg. Oral administration of HEGK induced a significant decrease in the oedema of legs injected with urate crystals and reduced the release of acid phosphatase and β-Galactosidase. A model of oxidative damage was successfully established, revealing a significant increase in malondialdehyde and inhibition of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activity. Thus, HEGK can actively inhibit the effect of inflammatory mediators in gouty arthritis.

•Polyphenols present in extract of S. setigera have in-vivo activity similar to that of insulin.•AESS revealed a homeostasis activity towards glucose and lipids.•AESS revealed remarkable antioxidant activity.•S. setigera extract could thus reverse hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress.

Total and bioaccessible minerals in edible cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves (ECLs) harvested at differentmaturity stages and seasons were assessed by microwave plasma atomicemission spectroscopy. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) variations at maturity stages across seasons. A two-wayanalysis also showed significant effects of the variety and periodof harvest. However, the highest content of total minerals was obtainedat 6 months after planting (MAP), except for Mn, Zn, and Cu. The totalmacromineral contents (mg/100 g) were K (64.14-3532.94), Ca(34.19-543.57), Mg (25.84-365.03), and Na (73.84-727.70),and micromineral contents (& mu;g/100 g) were Mn (779.98-7550.89),Zn (55.47-997.70), Cu (31.76-7288.18), and Fe (8.57-30.85mg/100 g). The bioaccessibilities of minerals were Fe (0.56-63.85%),Mn (0.49-63.64%), and Zn (1.77-60.82%), while bioaccessibilitiesof Ca (0.22-48.30%) and Na (1.53-46.80%) were low. Besides,the bioaccessibility of minerals at 6MAP was lower than that in advancedstages of maturity. The variety TMS 96/1414 showed the highest bioaccessibleminerals (Mn 93.35 & mu;g/100 g and Cu 53.01 & mu;g/100 g) at9MAP, while IRAD4115 presented the highest bioaccessible minerals(Fe 7.79 & mu;g/100 g and Zn 133.64 & mu;g/100 g) at 9MAP and12MAP, respectively. A significant (p < 0.01)positive correlation was found between the total and bioaccessiblemineral contents. The study reveals that minerals in ECLs harvestedat different stages were bioaccessible, with high values at maturestages, which can be recommended as mineral sources for consumers.