Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the colon cancer protective activity of Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae). Methods: Methanolic extracts of C. revoluta (MECR) were assessed for total polyphenols and total flavonoids content. For the in vivo study, animals were divided into five groups (n=6). Group I serves as control which received 0.25% carboxymethyl cellulose solution. Groups II-V were treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) which was given at the dose of 20 mg/kg b.w., s.c. once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Aqueous suspension of MECR at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg was administered orally to the animals in Groups III-IV every day for 16 weeks. Group V received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a standard drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w., per day s.c. for 16 weeks. After that, animals are sacrificed and colons are taken separately to evaluate biochemical parameters and morphological and histopathological changes. Results: MECR contains total polyphenols (6.3±0.09 mg of gallic acid equivalent /g) and total flavonoids (4.6±0.06 mg of rutin equivalent/g). The in vivo study revealed that superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity were decreased in DMH Group. All these parameters were restored significantly (p<0.05) toward the near normal value on supplementation with MECR (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) to DMH-treated rats (Groups III and IV). In Group V, the synthetic standard drug 5-FU (10 mg/kg b.w.) also increases the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH significantly (p<0.05) more in DMH-treated rats. Conclusions: It can be concluded that MECR protects rat from DMH-induced colon cancer.

The methanolic extract of Cycas revoluta cone (MECR) was analyzed by GC-MS and UHPLC for metabolite profiling and was evaluated for anti-colon cancer property by using in vitro assays like Cell Viability Assay, Colony Formation Assay, ROS Determination, Flowcytometry, DAPI staining assay, Tunel assay. GC-MS and HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of different phytochemicals in the extract of Cycas revoluta cone. In-vitro studies showed MECR extract showed significant anti-colon cancer activity by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis in colon cancer cell (HCT-8) line, but no such activity was seen in normal colon cell (CCD-18Co) line. The investigation confirms that MECR may be a promising candidate in colon cancer protection.

Terminalia arjuna Roxb. (Combretaceae), commonly known as 'Arjuna', is a large tree occurring throughout the Indian peninsula. This study was undertaken to evaluate the methanol extract of T. arjuna leaf (META) for antitumour activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Twenty-four hours after intraperitonial inoculation of tumour (EAC) cells in mice, META was administered at 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) body weights for 9 consecutive days. On day 10, half of the mice were sacrificed and the rest kept alive for an assessment of the increase in life span. The antitumour effect of META was assessed by evaluating tumour volume, tumour weight, viable and non-viable tumour cell counts, median survival time and increase in life span of EAC-bearing hosts. Haematological profiles were estimated. META showed a significant (p<0.001) decrease in tumour volume, tumour weight and viable cell count, and also increased the life span of EAC-bearing mice. Haematological profiles were significantly (p<0.001) restored to normal levels in META-treated mice compared to the EAC control. Therefore, from this study, it can be concluded that T. arjuna leaf exhibited remarkable antitumour activity against EAC in Swiss mice.

In present study the methanol extract of Cyperus tegetum rhizome (MECT) was evaluated for its effect on paracetamol-induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Serum biochemical parameters viz. serum glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamine pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum protein, total bilirubin content and liver biochemical parameters such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione content were estimated. Biochemical and histopathological observations indicated that MECT had remarkable hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats.

In present study, the defatted methanol extract of Swietenia mahagoni bark (MESM) was evaluated for its protective effect on paracetamol-induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Liver histopathology, serum biochemical parameters viz. serum glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamine pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), total serum protein, total bilirubin content; and liver biochemical parameters such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) were estimated. Biochemical and histopathological observations indicated that MESM exerted remarkable hepatoprotective efficacy against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats that is plausibly attributable to its augmenting endogenous antioxidant mechanisms.

In this study we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatoryactivities of the methanol extract of stem bark of Diospyros cordifolia(MEDC) Roxb. The analgesic effects of the stem bark of the plant wasassessed in mice using the tail-flick method while carrageenan,histamine and dextran induced paw oedema was used to study theantiinflammatory effects in rats. The MEDC exhibited significant (p0.01) analgesic effects comparable to the reference drug diclofenacsodium. MEDC also was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potentialagainst carrageenan, histamine and dextran induced rat paw edema. Themethanol extract (25 and 50 mg / kg body weight) exhibited significant(p < 0.01) activity against all phlogistic agents used in a dosedependent manner. All these effects were compared with reference drugphenylbutazone (100 mg/kg body weight).

The present study was designed to investigate the anticonvulsant and sleep potentiation effect of methanolic extract of C lerodendron info rtun atum Linn. (MECI) leaves in Swiss albino mice. The anticonvulsant effect of the MECI (250, 500 mg/kg body weig...

In this study we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of stem bark of Diospyros cordifolia (MEDC) Roxb. The analgesic effects of the stem bark of the plant was assessed in mice using the tail-flick method while carrageenan, histamine and dextran induced paw oedema was used to study the antiinflammatory effects in rats. The MEDC exhibited significant (p<0.01) analgesic effects comparable to the reference drug diclofenac sodium. MEDC also was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential against carrageenan, histamine and dextran induced rat paw edema. The methanol extract (25 and 50 mg / kg body weight) exhibited significant (p<0.01) activity against all phlogistic agents used in a dose dependent manner. All these effects were compared with reference drug phenylbutazone (100 mg/kg body weight).

CONTEXT:Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq. (Meliaceae) is a medium to large evergreen tree native to Southern Florida, Cuba, The Bahamas, Hispaniola, and Jamaica.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of S. mahagoni bark.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In the present study, the antidiabetic activity of the methanol extract of S. mahagoni (MESM) bark in streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic rats was evaluated. Glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg; orally) was taken as the reference drug. The blood glucose levels and body weights were measured every 5th day over a period of 15 days. Antioxidant effects were assayed in diabetic rats by estimating thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) levels.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:Oral administration of MESM at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.w. resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Body weights were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared to normal rats, while the extract significantly restored body weight. The present study was further undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant activity of MESM in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Decreased levels of TBARS and increased levels of GSH and CAT activity indicated a reduction in free radical formation in tissues such as the liver and kidney of diabetic rats.CONCLUSION:These findings showed the significant hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of the extract (MESM) in diabetic rats.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The plant Cleome gynandra L (Capparidaceae), is commonly known as 'Hurhur' and 'Karaila' in India and 'Cat's whiskers' in English. Traditionally the whole plant is used in the treatment of tumor, anti-inflammatory and lysosomal stability actions.Aim of study: The objective of present study is to explore the anticancer activity of the methanol extract of the Cleome gynandra in Swiss albino mice against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell line.Materials and methods: Anticancer activity of methanol extract of Cleome gynandra (MECG) was evaluated in Swiss albino mice against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell line at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. MECG was administered for nine consecutive days. Twenty-four hours of last dose and 18 h of fasting, the mice were sacrificed and antitumor effect of MECG assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight and hematological parameters of EAC bearing host.Results: MECG showed significant decrease in (p < 0.01) tumor volume, viable cell count, tumor weight and elevated the life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profile such as RBC, hemoglobin, WBC and lymphocyte count reverted to normal level in MECG treated mice.Conclusion: From the result it was showed that the extract has potent dose dependent anticancer activity and that is comparable to that of 5-fluorouracil. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the sleep potentiation (depressant) and anticonvulsant effect of methanol extract from bark of Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq. (MESM) (Meliaceae) in Swiss male albino mice. The sleep potentiation effect of MESM (25 and 50 mg/kg, i. p.) significantly increased pentobarbitone (45 mg/kg, i. p.) induced sleeping time in a dose dependent manner. The anticonvulsant effect of MESM at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, i. p. was examined against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 80 mg/kg, i. p.) and strychnine (STR, 2.5 mg/kg, i. p.) induced seizures and significantly delayed (p < 0.05) the onset and also antagonized these seizures in a dose dependent manner. Diazepam (2.0 mg/kg, i. p.) was used as reference drug