Discussions about environmental issues, one that has become quite the topic of conversation this decade is related to global warming, for example related to waste. Garbage has a significant contribution to environmental damage. The issue of global warming is an emerging and growing issue. The purpose of the research is to understand the proprietary strategy of Griya Luhu's in delivering environmental campaign digital waste banks at Rural Area. Environmental communication is one of the advocacy efforts. Environmental campaign advocacy is the act of persuading or arguing in favor of a particular cause, policy, idea or set of values on an issue. Advocacy is a powerful medium for various social and environmental change organizations. Existing environmental campaign advocacy all this time only focuses on urban areas. Economic limitations and waste issues become the main reason why Griya Luhu, an NGO Bali-Indonesia based, wants to give environmental campaigns to rural communities on Bali island through their program called Digital Bank Sampah (Waste Digital Bank). This research is done with an in-depth interview with the Chairman dan members of Griya Luhu. The outcome of this research shows that Griya Luhu uses various strategies, including a communal approach, raising environmental issues, and empowering the community during the program Waste Digital Bank. Griya Luhu's primary strategy is empowering the community, especially in rural areas. The form of their empowerment is to push the people to be able to use digital technology and want to make waste bank work more transparent. Thus the community is more concerned with the environment, especially the problem of waste

This research was conducted due to a negative perception of elementary school teachers, mostly women, on Twitter as one of the social media platforms throughout the pandemic. From a media perspective, social media become important platforms for conveying confusion as well as providing solutions to parents. The research question is how netizen represents their struggle on social media, and whether there is a difference between men and women. The research used social semiotics as a method. The results are as follows. First, the conversation on female teachers' roles and responsibilities did not describe the existing social reality because the teachers’ voices were unheard in the tweets. If did exist any, their voices were conveyed by someone else. Second, men spoke in an asymmetrical style of communication and considered the problems related to online learning to be systematic. While on the other hand women used symmetrical ones which ironically discriminate against or make a scapegoat of female teachers.

The societal impact of technological advancements is profound, leading to significant transformations in the way people live. However, a significant proportion of the population continue to be marginalized and excluded. This study aims to examine the complex dynamics that shape the adoption and integration of technology into the daily lives of mothers from low class families. It also investigates how these mothers overcome challenges and leverage the opportunities presented by smartphones to benefit their lives. This study employs a constructivist paradigm and utilizes phenomenological approaches using social construction of technology framework. The data collection was done through in-depth interviews with 10 mothers in Palembang City who met the specified requirements for informants. This study shows that the social and economic factors are the primary factors behind technology appropriation process of mothers from low-class families. They strategically manage their use of mobile technology to meet the unique and particular demands of each home. The results of this study demonstrate that technology is not merely a functional instrument; it is also an entity that is embedded with social and cultural significance, making it inextricably linked to the social dynamics and gender context.

The development of news about Covid-19 that hit almost the entire world, was conveyed massively by the mass media. The work process of journalists in reporting makes them vulnerable to infection. Photojournalists have to rack their brains to keep sending news. During the pandemic, female photojournalists experienced more obstacles and discrimination than before the pandemic. A strong patriarchal system gives rise to gender discrimination in the male-dominated photojournalist profession. This research is qualitative research with a critical paradigm. Researchers want to see the extent of discrimination against three female photojournalists in Indonesia during the pandemic. This research used qualitative methods, with semi-structured interviews, to explore the experiences of female photojournalists during the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings of this study are the existence of double burden gender discrimination, maternal discrimination, and layoff for those who have high salaries (discrimination based on pay) from the media where they work.

Women domestic workers are often associated with females whose only task is completing domestic work. However, this construction has changed along with the development of the labour industry. Currently, they are associated with skilled domestic workers. The relationship between women domestic workers and their employer that was previously based on kinship is supposed to have shifted to a formal relationship, with work and wage agreements. This construction is also strengthened by the presence of social media, as a means for conveying their narrative as skilled workers and not just servants for their employers. This study examines the process of symbolic interactionism in women domestic workers through their narratives as skilled domestic workers. The data was collected qualitatively from four women domestic workers in the Jakarta area as the research participants. As a metropolitan city, Jakarta has the highest number of domestic workers in Indonesia. Based on the data analysis, women domestic workers conceptualised their profession as experienced and versatile individuals in performing various domestic work and are the backbone of their respective families. Therefore, this conceptualisation shows that the participants can break away from the stereotype that domestic workers are lowly and unskilled workers. The interaction between participants and their employer raises non-physical symbols reflecting dedication and loyalty. In addition, the interaction process is a learning tool for subjects to obtain resources that equalise them with other workers in the domestic sector.

Social media plays an important role during the Covid-19 pandemic, where physical activity and community mobility are limited. Especially for women who work as domestic workers who live with their employers. Social media is the only means for them to connect with the outside world.Previous studies have shown that a person's identity can be shown through the front stage and the back stage. Theoretically, this study analyzing how women domestic workers identify themselves through the online realm using social media. This study uses a constructivist paradigm and a qualitative approach. The research participants were three women domestic worker who were obtained purposively using the snowball sampling technique. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and observation to participants. The results of the study show that social media allows participants to construct a reality in the online realm that is different from their situation in real life. Therefore, social media has a very important meaning for participants, because with social media, participants feel their position is equal to other users. They also have access to create a front stage and a back stage, where they can create their ideal self-identity. The aspect of self that are presented by the participants on the front stage is individuals who are successful and happy with their lives. For participants, this is an aspect of their ideal self, even though it does not represent their actual state.

Introduction: This study aims to show the misrepresentation of minority groups, specifically widowed women (hereinafter referred to as janda) in the era of convergence of media content (television as well as streaming and social media) in Indonesia. Media as the fourth pillar of democracy are supposed to inform and represent everything in a balanced and fair manner, instead of favoring the interests of the majority. The question we attempt to answer is: how the misrepresentation of janda on converged media content (FTVs) in a patriarchal society? Methods: This study applied feminist perspective in media convergence as well as the narrative analysis of Chatman. Findings: In general, the results of the study show that the convergence has not been in favor of janda, indicating that internet technology does not only strengthen the gender-biased values of media industry person in massively distributing FTVs (via streaming and social media) that threaten minorities, but also ignores the opposing feedback from netizens. As a result, the minority groups are increasingly muted. Reproduction of labelling of janda is a strategy of media owners to obtain maximum profits. Originality: We noted many studies on janda conducted from various scientific perspectives. However, studies that observe the depiction of janda in the media convergence in the perspective of communication studies are scarce. This study provides a discussion on the representation of janda in the vortex of capitalism in media convergence as the major novelty in this line of study.

Advances in information technology provide new opportunities and demand changes, one of which is in the construction of news. Digital media has also changed the landscape and the structure of the quality of the press, which prioritises emotional rather than rational aspects. As a result, the relationship between the media and the public is increasingly complex. This study aims to analyse the news in the Media Group Network newsroom as a news media from the perspective of a hybrid media system. This research is a qualitative study using an in-depth interview with the Editorial Board of the Media Group Network and journalists from Media Indonesia, Metro TV and Medcom.id, as well as a literature overview from related research and media content. The study results show that public mood affects the news construction process. Issue sensitivity tends to get more attention which contains shared values. There are three implications of influencing public mood in reporting: increasing democratic involvement, decentralising news sources, and influencing policy-making in the newsroom.

Background: Cigarette consumption remains high and increasing in Indonesia. The government implemented a pictorial health warnings requirement of 40% cover of the pack (front and back) using fear appeal messages. Objective: Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of cigarette pictorial health warnings by message and size. Methods: We conducted a mixed factorial experiment online study using three messaging approaches (fear vs. guilt vs. financial loss) and two picture sizes (40% vs. 75%) among 209 smoking participants. Sociodemographic variables included gender, education, income, employment status, and marital status. Data analysis used a mixed model ANOVA to see the main effect and interaction effect on dependent variables. For subgroup analysis, we used t-test and one-way ANOVA. All analyzes were in SPSS 22. Results: We found significant differences in the three message types, in which fear and guilt have higher effectiveness than financial loss. By subgroup, the guilt message was more compelling among female smokers and married smokers. The financial loss message was effective among lower-income smokers. We found no difference in pictorial health warning effectiveness by image size, potentially because participants could zoom in/out the cigarette pack image on the screen. Conclusions: Our finding supports more diverse message types in pictorial health warnings in Indonesia and other countries.

Physical contact, self-disclosure, and positive communication are important aspects in maintaining romantic relationships for young couples.However, sometimes the necessity of education forces young couples to go through long-distance relationships.This study aims to determine how communication technology affects young couples' long-distance romantic relationships.It uses the theory of social penetration and adopts the online self-disclosure approach.This study also uses a postpositivist paradigm with a qualitative methodology.Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews.Two pairs of participants were selected purposively.The results show that while online video call communication positively affects the long-term continuity of romantic relationships, face-to-face communication could not be completely replaced by technological advancements.Because of time constraints, even the frequent use of communication technology, such as chatting, is not yet enough for people to discuss a variety of issues.Likewise, the quality of relationships is limited to daily topics and does not consider the participants' more personal romantic problems.In addition to these weaknesses, this research finds several factors that easily cause misunderstandings, which are trivial problems that do not occur in face-to-face communication, such as (1) photos with other friends of the opposite gender, (2) typos, and (3) unclear language or phrasing.

For some working women, becoming a domestic worker is the only way for them to support their families.When they choose to work as domestic, they automatically become associated with negative stereotypes from the community.Through in-depth interviews conducted with three female domestic workers as informants, this study presents narratives related to their experiences working as domestics.The narratives from these three women who work as domestics showed that they were able to explain clearly the job that they do, and that they have positive associations to their profession, even though they realized that they are doing a job that is considered dirty and lowly by the community.A good relationship with the employer, as well as a comfortable working atmosphere, is one of the factors that determined the construction of meaning related to the job.Narratives from women domestic workers in this study showed that they are able to create positive meaning related to a job associated with negative stereotypes because they have a good relationship with their employer and family.

This study intends to uncover the practice of victim blaming carried out by institutions against victims of sexual harassment at the Commuter Line.This qualitative research was conducted using critical discourse analysis on detikNews online media coverage on January 4, 2018, entitled "Pelaku Pelecehan Seksual di KRL Ditangkap, Korban Diminta Melapor."The study then conducted an analysis using the four-step method introduced by Fairclough and revealed detikNews articles using the PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia's (PT KCI) perspective as a doxa.The practice of victim blaming by PT KCI appeared implicitly and was hardly noticed by readers.The victim was accused to be the reason for the incomplete legal process of sexual harassment cases.This gap was then used by PT KCI to increase its image by displaying that the institution managed to arrest the perpetrators.This action violated the victim's protection rights because the institution could increase its image in many other ways.This manifestation of symbolic violence operates through language, representation, and symbols.This symbolic violence then positioned women into groups that were silenced by patriarchal culture.This study verified that victim blaming practices could be performed by anyone, including individuals and institutions.Notably, institutions supported by mass media had a great influence on information dissemination.Attempts to open public space for women through speech, discussion, and writing, are necessary to stop victim blaming practices and achieve reflective awareness as heterodoxa.

Law perspective on communication studies provide normative point of view to analize phenomenon of communication. This point of view doesnt discuss rules of the game as the domain, but sees “what shoule be” as main focus. Normative theory provides causality to explain communication phenomena holistically. For journalism digital, normative theory have two main question to discuss. First, the position of digital journalism as current condition in communication studies. Second, the influence of digital journalism in democratic society. This conceptual study aims to answer both question and looking new horizon of normative theory among perspectives in the communication studies

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembungkaman terhadap perempuan pekerja seni yang menjadi korban kekerasan seksual di media sosial. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab terjadinya pembungkaman dari perspektif muted group theory . Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruksionisme kritis dan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah dua unggahan Instagram stories penyanyi dangdut Via Vallen tentang peristiwa pelecehan seksual yang ia alami. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah semiotika Roland Barthes yang menjabarkan makna denotatif dan konotatif serta mengungkap mitos di balik simbol-simbol yang ditampilkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun perempuan pekerja seni memiliki akses ke media sosial, di mana ia dapat dengan bebas menyatakan perlawanannya terhadap pelecehan seksual di hadapan jutaan pengikutnya, pada akhirnya ia tetap terbungkam. Pembungkaman terjadi ketika perempuan pekerja seni tidak dapat mengartikulasikan pengalaman pelecehan seksual di hadapan anggota kelompok dominan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh ideologi patriarki yang mengakar di masyarakat dan beroperasi secara sistematis di media sosial untuk membungkam ekspresi perempuan pekerja seni yang menjadi korban pelecehan seksual. Operasi patriarki yang tersistem dilakukan dengan mengkonstruksi posisi perempuan pekerja seni dalam masyarakat, menyuburkan stigma dan stereotip tentang perempuan pekerja seni di lingkungan sosial, mewajarkan bentuk-bentuk kekerasan seksual yang menimpa perempuan pekerja seni, dan mengabaikan aspirasi perempuan pekerja seni tentang pelecehan seksual.

Similar to Bundo Kanduang in West Sumatra, Tunggu Tubang in Semende community, South Sumatra is the practice to task the eldest daughter in the family take care and preserve the customary traditions. On the one hand, tunggu tubang tradition puts women in a respectable position, but on the other hand

The perspective of religious groups about the internet in general can be arranged into two dichotomous categories, first, religious groups see the internet as something that must be rejected because it is identical with modernity that tends to be secular; second, is the opposite, that internet technology can be accepted by religious groups to support their various religious goals. Through the Religious-Social Shaping of Technology approach, this article observes that religious groups use and negotiate with technology for their religious purposes. This study applies a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with administrators and members of religious groups. Based on the use of the internet by the Majelis Rasulullah, an urban Islamic group in Indonesia, this article discovers that the principles and values of group beliefs, as well as the group's goals and discourse about the internet influence the group's decision to accept the internet as part of group activities. In addition, this article also shows that internet use by religious groups has succeeded in changing group communication between group leaders and members from predominantly one-way and very limited into an interactive one. In addition, through internet use, the group has succeeded in building an online transaction system, showing that religious groups are no longer merely a religious discussion forum, but also a business entity. This article significantly enriches the study of internet use by religious groups in the Indonesian context.

The study on media literacy generally focuses on content about pornography and violence but does not pay as much attention to advertising. The practical implications of this study are the emergence of critical and analytical attitudes in accepting exposure to children's snack advertisements, especially those containing hazardous materials. This research has theoretical implications in filling the media literacy studies' gap that rarely aims at the content of children's snack advertisements. This study identifies parental-particularly mothers-disposition as part of an effort to literacy in the family. The role of parents is essential for the children's internalization of perspective. Parents can utilize children to understand the messages behind the snack advertisements. Applying the theory of habitus by Pierre Bourdieu, and the concept of street food as a product category of children snacks, and media literacy, this study takes a post-positivist paradigm. The data are obtained from a survey towards 285 parents in five cities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi), and in-depth interviews were conducted with two mothers who have kids in elementary degree school. The results are the descriptions of dispositions given by the parents to their children relative to snack advertisements so that they can criticize and discuss what snacks should or should not be consumed by children. Furthermore, children have their own set of knowledge and set of attitudes about snacks that can cause health problems.

The representation of homosexuality in Indonesian media tends to be discriminative and negative, with stigma, prejudice, and stereotypes. It occurs not only in the mainstream but also in the cyber media such as online news-portals. The discriminating views against homosexuals have even penetrated into the political sphere. In 2012, when Dede Oetomo, an activist of LGBTIQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, and Queer) proposed as a candidate for the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) commissioner, various reactions arose from people as he was exposed by the media. The controversy of Dede Oetomo’s candidacy occurs and spread widely, especially amongst online media portals. The public resistance to Dede Oetomo is mostly due to his gay identity. This paper studies how Dede Oetomo’s candidacy as the Human Right Commissioner is portrayed in the Indonesian online portals, based on Robert Entman’s framing model. The results show the online media portals’ framing of homosexual issues is still influenced by the majority religion (Islam) and the local cultural norms. The portals also differ from one another concerning the way they depict the issue although showing similar resentment towards homosexuality.

There was a discussion activity conducted by a small club of the University of Indonesia called SGRC (Support Group and Resource Center on Sexuality Studies) at the beginning of January 2016. It did not only discuss sexuality such as sexual preferences but also conduct peer support for LGBT groups. However, it was reported illegal for many reasons. Although later the “illegal” stamp was dubbed as an "internal problem" of Universitas Indonesia, the effect was unbelievable. The activity of SGRC was reported by media as “LGBT’s attack on campus”, “LGBT is dangerous for campus”, et cetera. Moral, Eastern hemisphere norms, and religious excuses were the main excuses by media to judge and “punish” the LGBT groups. After the SGRC incident, particularly in 2016, the media, both mainstream and online, massively promoted homophobia through hate speech. The media reported the LGBT phenomenon as not only dangerous but also as entities that must be destroyed. Although not as splashy as online news, some television stations reported the case in their ways. TvOne, compared to other Indonesian TV stations, was the most often to discuss LGBT issues from 2016-2018 through a debate programme titled Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC). The most controversial episode was the one aired on February 16 whose topic was “LGBT Issues is Rising, How Should We React?” in which a participant, a psychiatrist, was accused of delivering false information. His statement was even responded by a U.S.-based international psychiatrist association which later sent him a warning letter. This paper will explore media framing on tvOne’s debate programme using Robert Entman’s Framing Methods. The result shows that through inviting certain debate participants who voiced certain statements, the TV programme promoted not only anti-LGBT actions but also homophobia.