Waste enameled copper wire is an important secondary source of copper and often recovered by removing their organic paint layer through pyrolysis. This research focused on studying co-pyrolysis behaviors of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) paint of waste enameled wires, mixed with a small amount of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which is part of electric wires or cables. The results indicated that mixing PVC with a mass fraction of 10% into enameled PET wire paint (EPET) would significantly affect pyrolysis products, especially the chlorinated compounds, as well as increase energy consumption of the pyrolysis process. TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS analyses showed that the chlorinated organics were mainly generated in the second stage of pyrolysis. Chloroesters such as terephthalic acid, di(2-chloroethyl) ester were dominant over other chloroorganic compounds, and their formations were attributed to the addition reaction of aromatic vinyl esters with HCl which formed from PVC pyrolysis. It is also worth mentioning that the chemically active acid chlorides including propanoyl chloride and benzoyl chloride were detected in the products, and they were proposed to be formed from the HCl acidolysis of esters that produced from pyrolytic EPET. Besides pyrolysis products, energy consumption of pyrolysis process also was closely correlated to the interactions between pyrolytic PVC and EPET. The average co-pyrolysis activation energy was calculated by Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method and was about 15 kJ/mol higher than that of EPET. These should be consequences of reactions between HCl and EPET. Since PVC is the minority component in the pyrolysis mixture that HCl eliminated from the few PVC was mostly consumed by EPET to form chloroorganic compounds, which negatively influences EPET degradation.

The emission of chlorinated pollutants is one of the main problems when recovering copper (Cu) via pyrolysis from waste enameled wires. This is mainly attributed to other wastes which possess high poly(vinyl chloride) content, such as electrical wires and cables, which are often recycled together with enameled copper wires. In this research, to control the chlorinated pollutants, copper(II) oxide (CuO) was chosen and demonstrated to be an efficient dechlorinating agent, and CuO did not introduce any impurities that influence the quality of the recovered Cu. The pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of polyester enameled wires, PVC, and CuO were investigated, and special attention was paid to chlorinated compounds in released pyrolytic products. In particular, the co-pyrolysis of this ternary mixture was studied for the first time, and some new pyrolysis behaviors were discovered. For example, the results of Py-GC/MS analyses showed that the addition of CuO removed about 75% of the chloro-organic products, the main types of which were chloroaromatic compounds rather than the more toxic chloroesters. Moreover, pyrolysis gases were collected and characterized via ion chromatography, and the results showed that the chlorine content in the pyrolysis gases decreased by about 71%. TG analysis indicated that CuO only minimally affected the pyrolysis of polyester paint. However, through the chlorine fixation effect, CuO influenced the dechlorination and dehydrochlorination of PVC, as well as secondary reactions between HCl and pyrolysis products of polyester paint, therefore changing the products and behaviors of co-pyrolysis. Mechanism of reducing chlorine-containing pollutants and reaction mechanism of forming typical pyrolysis products closely correlated to the effects of CuO were also proposed, providing theoretical guidance for the recycling of waste enameled wires.

Frequency automatic tracking is a very important characteristic of ultrasonic power supply. Some weaknesses are found in traditional ultrasonic frequency tracking system, such as the narrow scale of frequency tracking and losing phase-locked and the tendency to track frequency mistakenly, etc. This paper proposes a novel hybrid control strategy which combines fuzzy control with direct digital frequency synthesis(DDS). The strategy includes coarse tracking by Fuzzy controller and refined tracking by DDS. The results show that the ultrasonic power supply using Fuzzy-DDS controller has the advantages of quick and accurate frequency tracking, and can make the vibrate system work stably and efficiently, thus it can improve power efficiency.

How to schedule jobs is one of most important issues of grid. To address this problem, this paper presents a novel reputation-based ant algorithm in the computing grid scheduling. The reputation-based ant algorithm introduce reputation index both in tasks and resources to the local and global pheromone. Experimental results show that the reputation-based ant algorithm outperforms Round Robin, Min-Min, and reputation based Min-Min in makespan and system load balancing.

GridDEV is a DEVS-based platform for evaluation of service grid. Through the analysis of SOA, we characterize important features of service grid and select four components as the base of grid modeling. With DSDEVS, this paper models the basic components selected, as well as the relationships between them. As a result, the model fully formalizes the gird system; hence facilitates the design and optimization of grid services. Based on this model, we map the DEVS component into elements of simulator development library SimGrid, and construct the platform GridDEV for grid performance and reliability evaluation.

Amphiphilic star-block copolymers composed of polystyrene and poly( acrylic acid) were synthesized by iodide-mediated radical polymerization. Firstly, free radical polymerization of styrene was carried out with AIBN as initiator and 1,1,1-trimethyolpropane tri(2-iodoisobutyrate) as chain transfer agent, giving iodine atom ended star-shaped polystyrene with three arm chains, R( polystyrene)(3). Secondly, tert-butyl acrylate was polymerization using polystyrene obtained as macro-chain transfer agent, and star-block copolymer, R( polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate))(3) with controlled molecular weight was obtained. Finally, amphiphilic star-block copolymer, R(polystyrene-b-poly( acrylic acid))(3) was obtained by hydrolysis of R(polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate))(3) under acidic condition.

A stable nitroxyl radical functionalized with two initiating groups for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), 4-(2,2-bis-(methyl 2-bromo isobutyrate)-propionyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (Br2-TEMPO), was synthesized by reacting 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy with 2,2-bis-(methyl 2-bromo isobutyrate) propanoic acid. Stable free radical polymerization of styrene was then carried out using a conventional thermal initiator, dibenzoyl peroxide, along with Br2-TEMPO. The obtained polystyrene had two active bromine atoms for ATRP at the ω-end of the chain and was further used as the macroinitiator for ATRP of methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate to prepare AB2-type miktoarm star-shaped copolymers. The molecular weights of the resulting miktoarm star-shaped copolymers at different monomer conversions shifted to higher molecular weights without any trace of the macroinitiator, and increased with monomer conversion.

Amphiphilic polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymers were prepared by iodide-mediated radical polymerization. Firstly, free radical polymerization of styrene was carried out with AIBN as initiater and iodoform as chain-transfer agent, giving iodine atom-ended polystyrene with controlled molecular weights. Secondly, tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) was polymerization using above obtained polystyrenes as macro-chain-transfer agents and PS-b-PtBA diblock copolymers with controlled molecular weights were obtained. Finally, amphiphilic PS-b-PAA diblock copolymers were prepared by hydrolysis of PS-b-PtBA under the acid condition. The formation of PS-b-PtBA and PS-b-PAA diblock copolymers was confirmed by the use of gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR spectroscopy.

分别采用溴化苄、 2-溴丙二酸二乙酯和2-溴-2-甲基丙二酸二乙酯作引发剂, 在CuBr/2, 2′-联吡啶配位化合物催化下, 进行了苯乙烯的原子转移自由基聚合, 在90～130℃范围内研究了温度对聚合反应速率及所得聚合物相对分子质量及其分布的影响. 实验发现, 在温度为110℃时聚合速率最大.

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene was initiated by trichloroacetic acid with CuCl/2,2′-bipyridine complex as the catalyst. Relative molecular mass and distribution of styrene were measured by GPC in THF. The GPC columns were calibrated with standard polystyrene samples. The system showed characteristics of a 'living'/controlled polymerization.