Chemical insecticides are decisive in controlling insect pests, but they harm the environment. Reducing the use of chemical insecticides has become the main goal for ensuring healthy produce. However, research focusing on plant-based compounds has recently increased. The present study was carried out to analyze essential oils extracted from Algerian medicinal plants by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the insecticidal activity of essential oils from Juniperus phoenicea, Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula stoechas, Mentha pulegium and Pinus sylvestris, against Aphis gossypii Glover The main components constituting each essential oil were: α-pinene, β-Pinene 1,8- cineol, Linalool, Linalyl acetate, Fenchone, Pulegone, and Camphor. The toxicity of tested essential oils against Aphis gossypii was different and dependent on the concentration used (1000, 10000, and 100000 ppm), the duration of exposure (24, 48, and 72 h), and the chemical composition of the oil. The highest toxicity was for J. phoenicea, M. pulegium, and L. stoechas which were toxic as Actara® insecticide.

The aim of this study was to test the potential insecticidal properties of Saccocalyx satureioides (Lamiaceae) essential oil against the 4th instar larvae of Culex pipiens s.l. and Culiseta longiareolata, which constitute the most abundant mosquito species in Setif region (Northeast of Algeria). The essential oil was extracted from the plant through hydrodistillation of dried aerial parts in a yield of 2 % and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The larvicidal effect of the obtained essential oil was thereafter tested according to the World Health Organization standard protocol. In result, the larvicidal tests revealed a Lethal Concentration causing 25 % mortality (LC25) LC25 = 45.43 Parts Per Million (ppm), Lethal concentration causing 50 % mortality (LC50) LC50 = 55.87 ppm and Lethal concentration causing 90 % mortality (LC90) LC90= 84.52 ppm against Cx. pipiens s.l. and LC25 = 52.6 ppm, LC50 = 64.48 ppm and LC90 = 96.91 ppm against Cs. longiareolata. Furthermore, the analysis of the essential oil (EO) composition led to the identification of 58 components representing 100 % of the total essential oil contents. The main chemical constituents identified were α-terpineol (23.95 %), thymol (18.15 %), and borneol (17.22 %). Ultimately the conducted experiments resulted in a potential larvicidal effect of the main compounds of S. satureioides essential oil against the tested mosquito species; these compounds could be utilized after been tested separately in mosquito control as an alternative to synthetic insecticides.

The region of Setif is rich in wetlands which represent habitats populated by a considerable ornithological biodiversity.This has an economic and ecological importance.In this study we tried to make an inventory of aquatic birds and make an analysis of the ornithological fauna of the wetlands prospected in the Setif area.This allowed us to draw up an inventory representing the species collected during the year 2019-2020.The results made it possible to highlight the presence of showing the species status of 29,652 individuals of waterbirds listed in 32 species and 12 families.The most representative of which are Anatidae, Charadriidae and Scolopacidae and the Grebes, more than 3 species for each family.There is a diversity of diet, habitat and lifestyle.Our study allowed us to find that in this study area there is a dominance Trophic category polyphagous by 16 species on consumers of invertebrates represented by 8 species.For only 1 species for the other trophic category.

Abstract. Moumeni L, Gastebois A, Gillmann L, Papon N, Benia F, Bouchara J-P, Bounechada M. 2021. Investigating the prevalence of Bark beetles of Pinus halepensis in the North East semi-arid region of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 2755-2762. Aleppo pine is the most common tree in the semi-arid forests of Algeria. Despite its high resistance to drought and adaptability to all types of soils, the effects of climate change are affecting it directly and indirectly. Stressed trees indeed are subject to bark beetle attacks. In this study, we sampled the bark beetles directly from the affected pine trees. Six species belonging to the Scolytinae subfamily were identified. Tomicus detruens and Orthotomicus erosus were widely spread and present in the three studied forests, where they were found to colonize living trees while Crypturgus numidicus, Crypturgus mediterraneus, Hylurgus ligniperda and Hylurgus micklitzi colonized only dead trees. Together with future identification of the microfungi associated with these xylophagous insects, these data may help to define prevention measures to fight the decline of Aleppo pine forests observed in some parts of Eastern Algeria.

Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa belonging to the genus Eimeria and whose propagation has a tremendous economic impact on poultry production. The parasite develops in the intestinal tract and causes disturbances in homeostasis that may lead to the death of the animal. Anticoccidial drugs and vaccination are the main preventive measures used against this disease. However, the rapid spread of drug resistance and the emergence of environmental pollutants have led to search other alternatives that do not hinder the health and productivity of broilers. The use of medicinal plants or plant-derived products could be one of these approaches; in fact, plants are reservoirs of bioactive compounds that could be developed as new chemical entities. Two members of the Lamiaceae family, Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris included in the Algerian pharmacopoeia have been reviewed herein, as well as their anticoccidial activity. We discuss their potential uses as natural growth promoters, referring their phytochemical constituents and biological properties that could play a crucial role in improving the symptoms caused by coccidiosis in poultry.

L’Algerie a reconnu des epidemies liees aux moustiques. De plus, le pays est actuellement expose a l'installation de l'espece invasive Aedes albopictus (Theobald 1907). Dans ce contexte, nous avons realise un inventaire des moustiques dans la region de Setif de 2016 a 2018, afin de fournir une liste de moustiques dans la zone d'etude et d'analyser leur biodiversite, densite et repartition dans deux zones climatiques (mediterraneenne Csa et haute plaine BSK) en utilisant des tests biostatistiques. L'identification a ete realisee a l'aide d'une combinaison d'approches morphologiques et moleculaires (COI barcode). Nous avons identifie neuf especes, dont les vecteurs du paludisme Anopheles labranchiae (Falleroni 1926) et Anopheles cinereus hispaniola (Theobald 1901). Nous signalons aussi la presence d’une nouvelle espece Culex simpsoni (Theobald 1905). Les sequences COI de six especes publiees sur Genbank sont fournies (MK047302-MK047315). Culex pipiens s.l (Linnaeus 1758) presente la densite la plus elevee dans la zone BSK, tandis que Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart 1838) presente la densite la plus elevee dans Csa (51,2±63,7). En outre, nous avons revele une correlation elevee et positive entre Culex theileri (Theobald 1903) et An labranchiae (rs=0,89, p>0,001). La comparaison par paires et les analyses d'ordination correspondantes ont permis d'etablir la presence d'une association significative entre la repartition/densite des especes et les zones climatiques (KWU=51, p>0,01), ce qui confirme l'effet des changements climatiques sur les populations de moustique. Esperons que les resultats fournis renforceront nos connaissances sur la dynamique des populations de moustique et faciliteront la mise en place d'un programme de controle efficace.

Toxoplasmosis has been previously associated with an increased risk of having schizophrenia in several epidemiological studies. The aim of this prospective study was to examine for the first time a possible association between positive serology to Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and schizophrenia in the Algerian population. Seventy patients affected by schizophrenia according to DSM-5 criteria and seventy healthy controls were enrolled in the study. We found a significant association between schizophrenia and the infection status with a seroprevalence of 70% in patients with schizophrenia compared to 52.9% in controls and a calculated odds ratio of 2.081. In addition, while T. gondii seroprevalence increases significantly with age in controls, this association was not observed in patients with schizophrenia, which display a high percentage of seropositive subjects under 38 years of age, suggesting that T. gondii infection may promote the onset of schizophrenia. Moreover, our analysis also revealed that patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower levels of serum immunoglobulins G (IgG) to T. gondii compared to controls. Thus, this study adds to previous research questioning the asymptomatic aspect of chronic toxoplasmosis and the etiology of schizophrenia.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by various Leishmania spp., which are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Algeria is one of the most affected countries, with thousands of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases registered every year. From March to November of 2016 and 2017, sand flies were collected in 12 municipalities in Setif province, North-Eastern Algeria. Sand flies were identified and females were tested by PCR for detecting Leishmania DNA. Additionally, cutaneous leishmaniasis cases notified during the study period were analysed. Out of 1804 sand flies collected, 1737 were identified as belonging to seven species, with Phlebotomus perniciosus (76.2%), Ph. papatasi (16.7%) and Ph. sergenti (5.0%) being the most common species, representing together 97.9% of the collected specimens. The remaining specimens were identified as Sergentomyia minuta, Se. fallax, Ph. longicuspis and Ph. perfiliewi. The number of sand flies collected monthly was positively correlated with temperature. Out of 804 females tested, nine Ph. perniciosus (1.1%) scored positive for Leishmania infantum (n = 5), L. major (n = 3) and L. tropica (n = 1), respectively. During the study period, 34 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases were notified in Setif, of which 58.8% were patients residing in two urban and peri-urban municipalities and 41.2% in rural areas. The finding of Ph. perniciosus as the most abundant species in Setif suggests that this sand fly may be adapted to different biotopes in the North-East region of Algeria. The detection of different Leishmania spp. in Ph. perniciosus suggests a complex epidemiological picture of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Setif, with the involvement of different etiological agents and possibly with different reservoir hosts and vectors.

Objective: The use of essential oils in mosquito control is considered as a potential alternative of synthetic insecticides. The current study aimed to assess the larvicidal activity of the essential oils extracted from five medicinal plants collected from northeastern Algeria against the Culiseta longiareolata larvae, a vector of the Plasmodium species in birds and one of the most abundant mosquito species in Algeria. Materials and Methods: The essential oils extracted from: Thymus vulgaris, Artemisia herba-alba, Juniperus phoenicea, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Eucalyptus globulus were tested against the 3rd and 4th instar Culiseta longiareolata larvae. The larvae were exposed to a series of concentrations of the tested essential oils for 24h. The concentrations that caused between 10% and 90% mortality were replicated four times, and the entire test was repeated three times. The collected data were used to determine the LC50 and LC90 values, Results: The tested oils revealed an efficient larvicidal activity. T. vulgaris showed 100% mortality at 80ppm final concentration, while the other tested oils showed 100% mortality at 200ppm. Furthermore, the lethal concentrations that caused 50% and 90% mortality (LC50 and LC90) were varying. T. vulgaris was the most efficient essential oil (LC50=25.64ppm, LC90=50.53ppm), followed by J. Phoenicea (LC50=59.83ppm, LC90=137.68ppm), R. officinalis (LC50= 64.18ppm, LC90= 96.55ppm), A. herba-alba (LC50=86.67ppm, LC90=139.55ppm), then E. globules (LC50=95.83ppm, LC90= 168.25ppm). Conclusion: The use of essential oils or their principal active components as α-pinene, 1,8-cineole and Camphor may serve as an eco-friendly method to control mosquito larvae. Nevertheless, the field application of essential oils and their principal components remains a fundamental step to evaluate the field efficacy of these botanic extracts and to note their possible secondary effects on non-targeted organisms.

The present study aims to assess entomofauna biodiversity at three saline wetlands, located in Setif region, Northeastern Algeria. To determine the predominant environmental factors in the distribution of entomofauna, six different stations and three transects in each station were chosen according to the distribution of plant and soil salinity in each transect. Results were analysed, and different ecological indexes and analytical methods were applied, from 2016 to 2017. The total of individual insects belonging to 9 orders, 71 families, and 131 species were collected from the three sites. The highest abundance was in Coleoptera (38.17%) while the lowest abundance was found in Ephemeroptera (1.53%). The highest number of individuals (11438) was found in Bazer site in 2016, while the lowest number of individuals (4921) was in site Chott Frain in 2017. The highest abundance of insects (109) was recorded in transect BS1T16, and the lowest abundance of species was recorded in transect HS1T36. Diversity and equitability indices showed highest values in HS1T16 (H = 4,356) and HS1T37 (E = 0.7282). Some ecological parameters showed a significant relationship between the insects occurrence, distribution of plants, and type of soil.

1 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, 19000 Setif, Algeria 2 Department of Biology and Animal Physiology; Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, 19000 Setif, Algeria 3 Laboratory of Improvement and Development of Vegetable and Animal Production, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, 19000 Setif, Algeria 4 Veterinary of the Farm COOPSSEL, Setif, Algeria 5 Clinical Veterinary, Setif, Algeria

DOI: 10.21276/haya.2018.3.2.7 Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women in Setif region and to identify the main risk factors involved. The different parameters were collected by direct interviews and using standardized ELIFA technique for detecting the anti-toxoplasmic antibodies IgG / IgM and determining the immunological status of this sample. Our results showed a general lack of Toxoplasmosis awareness, a prevalence of 58% of seronegative pregnant women and 42% of seropositive women they may have risks of seroconversion as the case observed in our study. The statistical analysis confirmed that the consumption of undercooked meat is the main factor of contamination. This study has the advantage of setting up a serological monitoring of toxoplasmosis according to a legal framework with the aim of detecting and servile seronegative women, hence the importance of education and information in terms of prevention.

Natural products are good alternative to synthetic pesticides due to their reduced harmful impacts on human health and enviro pollution. Pesticides based on plant extracts have been showed theirefficacy against a range of pests. T the insecticidal activity of essential oils from Rhyzoperthadominica(F.) (Coleoptera;Bostrichidae).The obtained oils we re analyzed by gas chromatography and 49 compounds were identified. The major compounds identified in the oil (2.64%), (E)Caryophyllene (2.58%) and Germacrene D (2.06 %). R esults revealed that at the end of 30 minutes concentrations of essential oil applied on grains a d on filter paper discs (0.4μl) generates 25% and 50.65% mortality respec rates increased up to 53.3% and 100% respectively a ft r 60 minutes of exposure whereas no mo controls. Median lethal dose (LD 50) values of the essential oil from grains were 0,25.10 μl/cm and 0,85.10 μl/g respectively. Median le paper and on grains at 0.4μl/ml of concentrations .rotendifolia might be used as a readily accessible source of nat ural insecticide agent against

Modern technology has now reached a point where improved safety can only be achieved through a better understanding of human error mechanisms. Much of the theoretical structure have a particular importance is the identification of cognitive processes common to a wide variety of error types. The “Reason's model” helps to understand the causes of accidents and to highlight the complexity of cause and effect. This model examines the preconditions for the event. It offers a typology of human errors it introduces into context, the technical and organizational system. An essential element of the accident risk analysis is making numerous decisions. In this process expert rely on gained knowledge and experience. Lack of knowledge concerning the rules of logic can lead to dangerous errors and may result in continuous failures in performance flow from faulty reasoning processes. Since these effect factors especially human interference are characterized by uncertainty and imprecision, we proposed a tool for data analysis based on artificial intelligence techniques, including the principles of fuzzy logic. The result was very satisfactory. Program established for predicting the performance of a plot just from probably inputs variables of the system.

In terms of ecology forecast effects of desertification, the purpose of this study is to develop a predictive model of growth and adaptation of species in arid environment and bioclimatic conditions. The impact of climate change and the desertification phenomena is the result of combined effects in magnitude and frequency of these phenomena. Like the data involved in the phytopathogenic process and bacteria growth in arid soil occur in an uncertain environment because of their complexity, it becomes necessary to have a suitable methodology for the analysis of these variables. The basic principles of fuzzy logic those are perfectly suited to this process. As input variables, we consider the physical parameters, soil type, bacteria nature, and plant species concerned. The result output variable is the adaptability of the species expressed by the growth rate or extinction. As a conclusion, we prevent the possible strategies for adaptation, with or without shifting areas of Keywords—Climate changes, dry soil, Phytopathogenicity, Predictive model, Fuzzy logic.

The objective of this study was to investigate relationship between progesterone concentrations in milk and serum during postpartum period in Montbeliard dairy cows in Algerian high plain region. The relationships between the concentration of milk and serum progesterone on different days of postpartum was a significant (P < 0.05) linear, logarithmic, quadratic, cubic and expentiel relationship between the concentration of milk and serum progesterone on each of 30, 40 and 50 days postpartum.

A study was undertaken to evaluate and investigate the relationships among Body Score Condition (BCS), parity and serum hormonal profiles (progesterone (P4) and oestradiol-17β (E2)), and resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum in montbeliard cows (primiparous (n = 19), and multiparous (n = 59) in semi-arid region of Algerian. The BSC was measured at calving on a 1 to 5 scale according to the Edmonson (1989) method. Blood samples were collected by jugular venous at d30, d40, d50 and d60 post-partum (10 days interval). Progesterone and estradiol -17β concentration were determined by chimiluminescent method. Changes in progesterone concentration were used to assess the resumption of ovarian cyclicity. Cows with serum P4 concentrations ≥1 ng/mL on at least two consecutive blood samplings were considered to have luteal activity. The results showed a significant increase in serum levels for progesterone and estradiol -17β during postpartum period. The correlation analysis shows that P4 concentration in cows was positively correlated with their BCS at d30, d40, d50 and d60 postpartum: (r = 0.630; r = 0.603; r = 0.622 and r = 0.467 respectively; P < 0.01) additionally, the BCS at calving was positively correlated with estradiol -17β concentration at d30 (r = 0.628); d40 (r = 0.612); d50 (r = 0.444) and d60 (r = 0.294) (P < 0.01). Furthermore, BCS at calving was strongly and negatively correlated with CCI (r = - 0.704; P < 0.01. The results of the current study provide evidence of a negative correlation between calving conception interval and secretion of P4 and E2.

The modeling addresses the medical diagnosis and a world system often presents problems. Regarding the normality of human physiological functions, the processes increase in complexity. They become less amenable to direct mathematical modeling based on physical laws since they may be distributed, stochastic, non-linear and time-varying, uncertain, etc. In this work, the system using artificial neural networks is capable to be used for medical diagnosis giving the entries of five inputs: Protein, Red blood cells, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and Eosinophils, and taking three outputs: Normal, Hemorrhage and Brain Tumor. The medical diagnosis rules are formulated and applied using MATLAB simulation for the system. The simulation results are found in agreement with the design based calculated results. This research work proposes to develop a control system to enhance the efficiency to diagnose a disease related to human brain.

A study was undertaken to evaluate the relationships between body condition score (BCS), parity and serum hormonal profiles (progesterone (P4) and estradiol -17β (E2)), and resumption of postpartum ovarian cyclicity on (primiparous (n=19) and multiparous (n=59) Montbeliard cows. The BCS was measured at calving, using a 1 to 5 point scale according to the Edmonson (1989) method. Blood samples were collected by jugular venous at 30 d, 40 d, 50 d and 60 d postpartum (10 days of interval). Serum hormonal analysis were determined by chimiluminescent Immuno-Assay (CLIA). Changes in progesterone concentration were exploited to assess the resumption of ovarian cyclicity. The results showed a significant increase in progesterone and estradiol -17β serum levels during postpartum period. The correlation analysis showed that P4concentration in cows was positively correlated with their BCS at 30 d, 40 d, 50 d and 60 d postpartum (r =0.630; r = 0.603; r = 0.622 and r = 0.467 respectively; P<0.01). Additionally, the BCS at calving was positively correlated with estradiol -17β concentration at 30 d (r= 0.628); 40 d (r= 0.612); 50 d (r= 0.444) and 60 d (r=0.294) (P<0.01). Furthermore, BCS at calving was strongly but negatively correlated with CCI (r= 0.704; P<0.01). The results of the current study provide an evidence of a negative correlation between calving conception interval and secretion of P4 and E2.