Herbal medicines that are widely used worldwide are easily contaminated by pesticides and heavy metals, threatening human health. In this study, a modified QuEChERS pre-treatment method combined with HPLC/GC-MS/MS was established for the determination of 24 pesticide residues in Dendrobium candidum. The average recoveries of 24 pesticides in D. candidum were 76.9-110.0% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.28-11.40%, and their limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.005-10 and 0.011-22 μg kg-1, respectively. The results showed that 83.33% of all samples had detected pesticide residues with the concentrations of 0.06-312.83 μg kg-1. Meanwhile, microwave digestion combined with ICP-MS was used to detect the residues of 8 heavy metals in D. candidum. The average recoveries of 8 heavy metals were 82.7-108.1% with an RSD of 1.4-8.0%, and their LOD and LOQ were 0.0001-0.05 mg kg-1 and 0.0003-0.2 mg kg-1, respectively. The results indicated that 8 heavy metals were all detected in all samples, and the highest concentration of Zn was 11.97 mg kg-1. Furthermore, the health risk assessment showed that the risk of the detected pesticides and heavy metals in samples to humans, specifically to the general population including adults and children, was acceptable.

为比较分析湖南龙山、安徽亳州和浙江磐安3个产地白术抗疲劳作用的差异,分别测定3个产地白术中的白术多糖、挥发油和白术内酯含量,通过水提醇沉法提取白术多糖,分别灌胃ICR小鼠,2周后测定体质量、小鼠力竭游泳时间以及血清中MDA和SOD的含量.结果表明,产自浙江磐安的白术中白术多糖含量最高,粗多糖得率为50.5％,浸出物含量高于湖南龙山和安徽亳州白术;产自湖南龙山的白术中挥发油含量显著高于安徽亳州白术(P＜0.05),白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅲ含量均最高,显著高于浙江产和安徽产白术(P＜0.05);与生理盐水组相比,产自浙江磐安和湖南龙山的白术中白术多糖可以显著延长小鼠负重游泳时间(P＜0.05),同时还能显著提高小鼠血清中SOD活力,降低MDA含量(P＜0.05).产自浙江磐安和湖南龙山的白术具有较好的抗疲劳效果.

日前,千岛湖第八届覆盆子节在淳安县临岐镇落下帷幕.临岐镇种植覆盆子2.1万亩,平均亩产值近万元,带动种植户人均增收5000余元. 在乡村振兴、共同富裕的浪潮中,浙江中药材产业借力政策、科技、数字赋能,驶入了高质量发展快车道.2021年全省道地药材种植面积、总产量、总产值实现"三增",生产效益稳步增长;铁皮石斛、衢枳壳、三叶青、覆盆子等新"浙八味"的农业产值稳定增长,有力促进了农民持续增收致富.

本文通过调研长三角地区中药材及饮片产业发展现状,分析了制约长三角中药材及饮片一体化的主要问题,阐述了"浙产好药"中药材及饮片共建共享的基础和优势,提出规范布局道地产区、 区域政策协调创新、 建立共享检测机构、 共建中药材质量追溯体系、 依托"互联网+",推进优质道地中药材及饮片使用等建议,积极推进"浙产好药"中药材及饮片质量标准共建共享,为长三角中医药一体化高质量发展贡献力量.

Freezing injury is a major environmental limiting factor affecting plant yield and geographical distribution. Little is known about the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism during freezing (FT) and post-freezing recovery (FR). Dendrobium officinale is a valuable medicinal plant and hypersensitive to low temperature, especially freezing in winter. Here, we used metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses to reveal the regulation of of phenylpropanoid metabolism during FT and FR in D. officinale. Most anthocyanin and flavonol significantly increased during FR, including quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Q3G) and cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside (C3S) increased 104.6-fold and 66.8-fold in FR vs. CK. Transcriptomics analyses revealed the expression levels of flavonoid 3′- hydroxylase (F3`H) and flavonol synthase (FLS), which were related to an increase in quercetin derivatives. Six phytohormone-related GO terms were enriched during FT and FR. Four genes were significantly affected by FT and FR, including MYB97, MYB39, fructosyltransferase, and zinc finger transcript factor. Four GA response-related genes, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, were specially induced during freezing stress. Moreover, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were significantly increased during FT, and only SA decreased during FR. This study provided understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism under freezing stress and will be useful for enhancing freezing tolerance via molecular breeding in D. officinale.

1.覆盆子 浙江是华东覆盆子传统道地产区,主产于淳安、临安、建德、桐庐、莲都、江山等山区.目前全省种植面积12万多亩(1亩=667平方米,下同),单产40～50千克,总产量约5000吨,产业规模占全国50％强."淳安覆盆子"获国家农产品地理标志登记保护产品.

1.杭白菊 浙江省是杭白菊道地主产区,主要分布于桐乡、兰溪等地.目前全省种植5.6万亩(1亩=667平方米,下同),每亩单产200千克左右,总产量1.1万吨,产量约占全国总量的50％."杭白菊"获国家农产品地理标志保护产品、"桐乡杭白菊"获国家地理标志证明商标.

分析中医药文化特点和乡村产业发展特征,总结中医药文化传承助推乡村振兴五产融合模式的具体措施.该模式的核心抓手是"一条文化街、一片产业地、一系列文化产品",在道地药材产业提升、融合发展、富民强镇等领域发挥了积极作用并取得显著成效,为中医药文化传承助推乡村振兴提供了鲜活的实践案例和生动样本.

分析浙江铁皮石斛、灵芝、山茱萸等食药物质产业的发展优势、食用历史、政策机遇和发展前景,针对当前浙江省食药物质产业发展中存在的问题,提出把食药物质产业列入健康浙江建设的重点工作,研究制定试点生产经营的实施方案,研制浙江省食品安全地方标准,强化协同创新研究,加强宣传推广和品牌创建服务等方面的对策建议.

1.白术 浙江是白术道地主产区,主要分布于磐安、新昌、天台、仙居、临安等地.目前全省种植面积2.1万亩(1亩=667平方米,下同),每亩单产125千克左右,总产量0.4万吨,质量居全国之首."磐安白术""临安於术""新昌白术"获国家地理标志证明商标.

1.浙贝母 浙江是浙贝母道地主产区,全省种植面积6万亩(1亩=667平方米,下同)左右,每亩单产200千克左右,总产量1.1万吨,种植面积和产量占全国总量的90%左右.磐安、东阳、海曙、缙云、定海等地种植较多."樟村浙贝"获国家地理标志保护产品、国家地理标志证明商标,"磐安浙贝母"获国家地理标志证明商标.

浙江道地中药材资源丰富,全省共有药用资源2385种,资源总量和种数均列全国第三位;明清时代形成了著名的"杭十八""笕桥十八味"等道地药材,清代树立了以"浙八味"(浙贝母、杭白菊、白术、浙麦冬、杭白芍、延胡索、玄参、温郁金)为代表的浙产道地药材在全国的地位,由于其质量好、应用范围广、疗效佳而为历代医家所推崇,在国内外享有盛誉.2018年,浙江省确定铁皮石斛、衢枳壳、乌药、三叶青、覆盆子、前胡、灵芝、西红花为新"浙八味"中药材培育品种.新"浙八味"具道地性强、临床疗效好、总量规模大、产业化基础扎实、带动全省及区域农民增收明显的特点,对培育我省中药材产业发展新动能起到良好作用.现对"浙八味"和新"浙八味"的科属及性味功能作简要介绍.

1.浙麦冬 浙麦冬是"浙八味"之一,浙江是浙麦冬的道地主产区,主产于慈溪、三门等地,质量居全国之首.目前全省种植面积约0 .6万亩(1亩=667平方米,下同),每亩单产120千克左右,总产量720吨左右.用于中成药参麦注射液、生脉胶囊等."慈溪麦冬"获国家农产品地理标志登记产品.

1.玄参 浙江省是玄参道地主产区,主产于磐安等地.目前全省种植面积0.86万亩(1亩=667平方米,下同),每亩单产350千克左右,总产量0.3万吨."磐安玄参"获国家地理标志证明商标.

分析2019年浙江省中药材产销情况,总结提升发展的主要工作措施及成效.在此基础上提出,强化政策引导,加大扶持力度;加强资源保护利用,大力推广生态化种植技术;加强科技创新,建立全产业链标准体系;推进食药物质产业发展,扩大产业边际效应;共创“浙产好药”品牌,推进康养产业发展等对策建议,推进产业高质量发展.

1.杭白芍 浙江省是杭白芍道地主产区,主产于磐安、东阳、柯城等地,质量上乘.目前全省种植0 .4万亩(1亩=667平方米,下同),亩产500千克左右,总产量0 .15万吨."磐安杭白芍"获国家地理标志证明商标.

1.铁皮石斛 浙江省是铁皮石斛传统道地主产区,铁皮石斛是新"浙八味"之一,主产于天台、乐清、武义、磐安、义乌、婺城、莲都、龙泉、庆元、临安、建德、淳安等地,目前全省种植面积4.5万亩(1亩=667平方米,下同),单产250～300千克左右(鲜品),总产量近1万吨,产业规模占全国的70％强."天目山铁皮石斛"获国家地理标志保护产品,"武义铁皮石斛""雁荡山铁皮石斛"获国家农产品地理标志登记保护产品.

分析了浙江省近二十年来中药材产业发展成效,表现为生产效益稳步增长、 产业基地规范发展、优势品种带动明显、 标准生产显著提升.总结了产业集聚发展、 培育道地品种、 成果集成转化、 全过程标准化、创建浙药品牌等提升发展的措施和经验,并提出下阶段中药材产业高质量发展的建议措施.

分析2017年浙江省中药材产业的发展现状,总结中药材产业的产销现状,针对当前中药材的产销形式及存在的问题,提出控制药材种植面积、 提升药材安全品质、 编制区域发展规划、 建立质量追溯系统、 拓展药材国际市场等对策.

本文描述全省中药材生产表现为"五增",既总面积增、单产增、总产量增、总产值增、亩产值增.根据10个主产县上报数据,预计全省中药材种植面积68万亩,比上年增3.5万亩,同比增长5.4%,其中药食兼用类品种增长较快;平均单产(干品)315公斤/亩,比上年313公斤/亩,增0.6%;总产量21.42万吨,比上年增加1.22万吨,同比增长6%;总产值为63.41亿元,比上年增加3.29亿元,同比增长5.5%.