Este estudo avaliou a composição e os requisitos mínimos de identidade e qualidade da carne bovina previamente moída exposta à venda em estabelecimentos varejistas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As amostras foram coletadas nos estabelecimentos no período entre março e abril de 2019. Os produtos foram analisados quanto a composição, a apresentação, a temperatura, o pH, teor de lipídios, morfologia e histoquímica, e a identificação da espécie de animal que originou a matéria prima do produto. De 11 amostras coletadas, 72,7% foram moídas e armazenadas no próprio estabelecimento varejista e 27,3% foram previamente moídas e embaladas nos estabelecimentos industriais. Em 18,2% das amostras foi identificado teor de gordura 34% acima da quantidade máxima aceitável, apresentando alterações nas características sensoriais, como aspecto pegajoso, odor não característico e pH > 6,4. Foi observada perda de estriação nas fibras musculares esqueléticas e dos detalhes celulares em 54,5% das amostras, enquanto 9% do material coletado apresentou vestígios de tecido glandular. Em todas as amostras detectou-se a presença de bactérias, sendo que 81,8% delas foram identificadas como Gram-positivas e 18,2% como Gram-negativas. Foi identificado, em uma amostra, estruturas parasitárias morfologicamente compatíveis com Sarcocystis spp. Na análise de identificação de espécies pela qPCR Multiplex HRM, foi detectada, em 60% das amostras, a presença simultânea de material genético bovino e equino. Foi constatado que nenhuma das amostras avaliadas de carne previamente moída apresentou os requisitos mínimos exigidos relacionados à identidade e qualidade, de acordo com as normas técnicas específicas aplicáveis à carne moída de bovino.

Reducing the fat content of processed meat products has become necessary due to consumer-driven demand for healthier foods. In this sense, this study aimed to characterize chicken mortadella with total and partial replacement of chicken skin by green banana biomass (GBB). Five treatments (with two repetitions each and weighing 400 g) were prepared: F0 (control treatment formulated with 100% chicken skin), F1, F2, F3, and F4 (25, 50, 75, and 100% of chicken skin replacement by GBB, respectively). Samples were characterized according to physicochemical composition - approximate composition, energy value, pH, water activity (Aw), emulsion stability (ES), water-holding capacity (WHC), instrumental color (L*, a* and b*), instrumental texture, fatty acid profile, and microstructure) - nutritional quality and sensory properties (dynamic profiling by Temporal Checkall-that-apply and acceptance). The replacement of 100% chicken skin by GBB increased the WHC of mortadella and did not affect the ES in all formulations. The addition of GBB did not affect the typical mortadella flavor of the samples, and the dominance of the flavor was directed towards the fibrous and fat flavor attributes. In addition, all formulations had acceptance scores above 6.5. Based on the results, replacement up to 100% of chicken skin with GBB is possible and obtains a healthier emulsified meat product with good sensory acceptance.

A água de abastecimento é um recurso fundamental em abatedouros frigoríficos que fazem uso da água em diversas operações, seja de contato direto ou indireto com os produtos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade da água de abastecimento de um abatedouro frigorífico de bovinos, localizado no município de Castanhal, no estado do Pará. Para isto, as amostras de água foram coletadas em três diferentes pontos, sendo obtido amostras no setor de abate, miúdos e triparia. Realizou-se avaliação das características físico-químicas (cloro residual livre, cor aparente, pH e turbidez) e microbiológicos (coliformes totais e coliformes a 45 °C), durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Os resultados mostraram que todos os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos das amostras analisadas mantiveram-se dentro dos padrões exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. Estes resultados podem ser reflexo do tratamento da água que o abatedouro emprega, que consiste nas etapas de correção do pH, floculação, coagulação, filtração e cloração.

The potential of green banana biomass (GBB) as a natural ingredient and its impact as a fat replacer in chicken mortadella on sensory perception were investigated. The GBB was assessed for physicochemical characterization, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Five chicken mortadella formulations were developed with fat replacement of 25, 50, 75 and 100% by GBB. Microbiological stability of the formulations was assessed, and the sensory profiling was evaluated by Preferred Attribute Elicitation (PAE). The dietary fiber, resistant starch, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in GBB were 3.99%, 4.16%, 518.39 mg GAE/100 g (GAE: Gallic acid equivalent) of dry sample, 5307.62 mu mol of trolox equivalent (TE)/100 g of dry sample and 3583.12 mu mol of trolox equivalent (TE)/100 g of dry sample, respectively. GBB contained potassium (1121 mg/100 g), phosphorus (183.6 mg/100 g), magnesium (77.4 mg/100 g), copper (0.53 mg/100 g) and iron (7.21 mg/100 g). The microbial counts in the formulations after 90 days of chill storage were within the safe limit. The results concluded that GBB showed desirable functional and technological proprieties to be used in chicken mortadella without affecting the characteristic flavor of these products. Besides, PAE proved to be a potential method to characterize chicken mortadella.

This study aimed to compare the methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on the lipid oxidation of chicken mortadella with substitution (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of chicken skin by green banana biomass (GBB) for 90 days of storage. The NMR method was correlated with the Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), medium-infrared spectroscopy, flame ionization gas chromatography (GC-FID), and physical-chemical parameters. During 90 days of storage, TBARS values ranged from 2.16 to 2.56 mg/kg(-1). NMR showed appearance of allylic protons and there was an increase of the trans fatty acids content over 90 days in relation to the first day of storage with the decrease of GBB concentration. The lipid content was highly correlated with allylic protons and trans fatty acids content (R-2 values ranged from 0.952 to 0.965), revealing that NMR is an efficient methodology with high precision for determination of lipid oxidation. Practical applications Lipid oxidation is one of the main problems found in the processing and storage of emulsified meats, once these products present a high fat content. In this context, the present study suggested the use of green banana biomass as fat replacement in chicken mortadella, and the results showed a reduction in the total fat content as well as a lower concentration of trans fatty acids. In addition, this work presented understanding regarding the NMR method as the most indicated method in relation to the usual method, TBARS, to evaluate lipid oxidation during 90 days of storage.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of Moringa oleifera Lam. seed flour for partial fat replacement in chicken mortadella on physicochemical characteristics, chemical composition, and lipid oxidation. Four mortadellas were prepared: C (control), T1, T3, and T5 (addition of 1%, 3%, and 5% of moringa seed flour, respectively). T5 mortadella had the lowest lipid content (p < 0.05), whereas C mortadella had the highest (p < 0.05). The addition of 5% of moringa seed flour affected color parameters, leading to an increase in L*, a*, and b* values in comparison with the control. Color changes (ΔE) in T3 and T5 mortadellas were the lowest among the samples during a 90-day storage period at 4 °C. The addition of 3 or 5% of moringa seed flour promoted a reduction in lipid oxidation during storage. Moringa seeds have antioxidant activity and, therefore, have the potential to be used as a natural functional ingredient in meat products. The addition of 3% of moringa seed flour seemed to be ideal for chicken mortadella, as it reduced lipid content and promoted lipid stability without causing noticeable color changes during the 90 days of storage.

Four different mortadella samples were technologically characterized by physical/chemical and instrumental analyses and were sensorially characterized by acceptance testing and check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions. Samples were divided into three groups by using a principle component analysis (PCA) of the technological characteristics and by using an internal preference map (IPM) of the sensory attributes from the acceptance test. CATA divided these samples into four different external preference map (EPM) groups because each sample was associated with different sensory attributes. The PCA indicated that there was a relationship between the instrumental color and texture analyses and the CATA attributes, whereby identifying the terms that positively or negatively contributed to sample acceptance. The CATA questions effectively discriminated between the meat products regarding their sensory characteristics. In addition, these attributes were linked to chemical and instrumental quality parameters. Thus, the CATA questions are a potential tool for evaluating and developing novel products.