To evaluate the clinical outcomes of zirconia dental implants over five years, considering the growing demand for metal-free alternatives to titanium due to aesthetic concerns and potential hypersensitivity reactions to metals. This retrospective study analyzed 80 zirconia implants from an initial cohort of 95, with 15 excluded due to loss to follow-up or not meeting inclusion criteria. Both one-piece and two-piece designs were included, and some cases involved Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). The primary outcome was implant survival. The overall survival rate was 83.8

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland neoplasm; the majority of these tumors arise in the parotid gland and rarely in the minor salivary glands. The objective is to assess clinical and radiological results, leading to a planned excisional biopsy under local anesthesia with a minimally invasive approach. The report aims to validate diagnostic accuracy and discuss broader clinical implications, emphasizing the significance of accurate diagnosis and the role of minimally invasive procedures in managing pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in minor salivary glands. A 29-year-old ASA I male patient was referred to the clinic with a 5-year history of a painless mass in the hard palate. Based on clinical and radiological examinations, an excisional biopsy was planned under local anesthesia. The operation was performed with a minimally invasive approach. Histopathological examination identified a diagnosis of PA, consistent with clinical and radiological evaluation. Pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary gland is a relatively rare pathology. The complete excision of the tumor is a definitive treatment protocol for these cases. Cite this article as: Eren Y, Öztürk Muhtar M, Emes Y, Olgaç V, Aybar B. Pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate: A case report. Essent Dent. 2025, 4, 0007, doi: 10.5152/EssentDent.2025.25007.

Neuropathic orofacial pain, a term encompassing a range of clinical syndromes, whether arising spontaneously or induced by local trauma or systemic disorders, is frequently subject to misdiagnosis. This article aims to control neuropathic pain with oral appliances without resorting to such procedures. This article reports the successful management of neuropathic pain in two patients using oral appliances known as neurosensory splints. In both cases, the patients experienced significant relief from their symptoms, which continued to improve over a 9-month follow-up period. The use of oral appliances appears to be a reasonable, safe, and cost-effective approach that provides significant relief for the patient, considering the side effects associated with standard medications commonly used for neuropathic pain treatment. By considering patient suitability and integrating them into a multidisciplinary care approach, oral appliances can contribute to improved pain relief and enhanced quality of life for individuals living with neuropathic pain. It is crucial to recognize that there is no universally effective medication for treating neuropathic orofacial pain, and the efficacy of oral appliances may vary from patient to patient. Each case of neuropathic orofacial pain should be assessed individually, with a preference for a conservative approach that involves the gradual introduction of new treatments.

Reconstructing defects after jaw tumor removal is difficult because of the complex facial skeleton, which affects patient nutrition and self-confidence. Traditional methods like iliac bone or fibula grafts take a long time and may raise aesthetic issues. Advancements in computer-aided three-dimensional (3D) modeling allow precise surgical planning, leading to more symmetrical reconstructions. Moreover, the application of custom-designed prostheses, similar to joint prostheses used in joint surgery, offers promising outcomes, particularly in cases involving the removal of the ramus and temporomandibular joint. A 28-year-old female had a maxillectomy for maxillary myxoma, using 3D-printed implants for reconstruction and dental rehabilitation. "Computer-Aided Design" software optimized implant coordination, reducing soft tissue pressure. Postoperative permanent dentures were successful with few complications. Compared with traditional methods, 3D-printed titanium plates improve patient satisfaction and reduce treatment time, particularly with sufficient soft tissue thickness, offering aesthetic benefits and eliminating extra surgeries for effective defect treatment.

AIM or PURPOSE This study aims to analyze the stress distribution in zirconia implant systems, focusing on different components such as implants, abutments, screws and crowns, using finite element analysis (FEA). MATERIALS and METHOD The study utilized finite element method to analyze stress values, distribution, and concentration zones in a three-unit zirconia superstructure placed in molar and central tooth regions. The models were created using optical scanning, 3D modeling software, and finite element stress analysis programs. The material values defining the physical properties were assigned to each component of the models. RESULTS The results demonstrate that the von Mises stress values in the molar and central tooth regions vary for different components of the implant system. The maximum and minimum principal stress distributions in cortical and cancellous bone also differ, indicating the influence of material and geometry of the implants and abutments on the induced tensions in the bone tissue. CONCLUSION(S) The study concludes that the stress distributions in dental implant systems are influenced by various factors, including material type, loading conditions, implant and abutment geometry. Understanding these stress distributions is crucial for designing effective and durable dental implants and restorations.

INTRODUCTION Neuropathic orofacial pain, a term encompassing a range of clinical syndromes, whether arising spontaneously or induced by local trauma or systemic disorders, is frequently subject to misdiagnosis. This article aims to describe the management of neuropathic pain in two patients using intraoral appliances. CASE DESCRIPTION This article reports the successful management of neuropathic pain in two patients using oral appliances known as neurosensory splints. In both cases, the patients experienced significant relief from their symptoms, which continued to improve over a 9-month follow-up period. DISCUSSION The use of oral appliances appears to be a reasonable, safe, and cost-effective approach that provides significant relief for the patient, considering the side effects associated with standard medications commonly used for neuropathic pain treatment. By considering patient suitability and integrating them into a multidisciplinary care approach, oral appliances can contribute to improved pain relief and enhanced quality of life for individuals living with neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION/CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Oral appliances, such as neurosensory splints, have potential in the management of neuropathic pain.

Objective: Iatrogenic injuries of internal maxillary artery (IMA) and external carotid artery (ECA) during temporomandibular and retromandibular region surgeries are serious surgical complications with high mortality and morbidity. In order to avoid this complication, it is important for surgeons to know these vascular structures’ course and their relationship with the mandibular condyle and ramus. The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship of the IMA and ECA with the mandible by head and neck computed tomography (CT) angiography. Materials and methods: Bilateral head and neck CT angiography data in 26 patients (52 region) were evaluated retrospectively. The spatial distance of IMA and ECA to the mandible was calculated in all three planes (IMAx, ECAx, IMAy, ECAy, IMAz, ECAz planes). The presence of vascular tortuosity and contact were also evaluated. Results: We have found that the nearest distance to the ramus of the ECA before giving a branch to IMA was 32.5±7.7 mm above the line drawn tangent to the lower border of corpus mandible. The internal maxillary artery was measured to be in contact with the medial cortical surface of the mandibular condyle in 39 of the 52 angiographies. This contact point was found to be 1.74 mm in front of the posterior margin of the ramus. Conclusion: In this study, we radiologically confirmed that the internal maxillary artery is in close association with the mandibular condyle. It is important for surgeons to be aware of this neighborhood in order to prevent intraoperative vascular injuries.

The mandibular bone is an important component of the facial bone, which has a unique role in digestive system, speech, and facial esthetics. For these important functions of mandibular bone, it is vital that surgeons should not only treat function but also consider the esthetics together. Mandibular fractures are among the most common traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial region. Even though treatment modalities are well established and being practiced for a long time, untreated and postoperative complications still decrease the patient's quality of life. This chapter aims to describe the cause, clinical presentations, diagnoses, and current treatment methods on the basis of resent literature.

Purpose: In temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), unless splints are effective, combined therapies are performed. The aim of this study is to show the effectiveness of the local anaesthethic injections (trigger point injections) to the masticatory muscles. Materials and methods: The study was composed of TMD patients and the predictor variables were therapy combinations including stabilization splint (SS) therapy, SS+ trigger point injection therapy (TPI) and arthrocentesis. The primary outcome variables were pain and jaw movements. The follow-ups were done at 1st and 3rd months. 56 patients who were treated for TMD with only SS or combined therapies were included in the study. The effects of additional TPIs were compared to SS therapy alone. Also the effect of arthrocentesis was evaluated too. Results: All groups revealed significant decreases in pain scores. Decreases in mouth openings were observed in some of the patients in the injection groups. Conclusion: The combined treatment method in which the injections were applied at shorter time intervals, was a more effective method for decreasing VAS scores in TMD patients in this study but further studies are required. (C) 2018 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objective: The aims of this study are to evaluate if occlusal types affect the type of temporomandibular disorders and if the onset of complaints are related to the type of internal derangements. Methods: One hundred thirty-four patients were evaluated. Occlusion types were grouped as Angle Class I, II, and III. The temporomandibular disorders were classified as masticatory muscle disorders, anterior disc dislocation with reduction, and anterior disc dislocation without reduction. Results: No significant relationships were found between the occlusion types, pain severity, the onset of the complaints, and the temporomandibular disorders. Premature contacts were found to be significantly higher in Class II and Class III patients, but no significant relations were found between premature contacts and temporomandibular disorders. Discussion: Occlusal features are not discriminant factors in the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders. Also, it cannot be concluded that the longer the patients have temporomandibular disorders, the higher their pain scores will be.

Dental practitioners face a large number of patients seeking help for pain and loss of function in their temporomandibular joint and related structures. This book consists of eight chapters by authors who would like to share their experiences and researches on pathological conditions related to the temporomandibular joint. The chapters mainly focus on disorders, diseases, and entities while shedding light on the diagnostic methods and management modalities.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a clinically aggressive developmental odontogenic cyst with a high recurrence rate as 62%. Oroantral communication (OAC) is a gateway through the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity, which, if not treated, will develop into oroantral fistula or chronical sinus diseases. Different methods for closure of OAC were described but only few of them have common usage. In recent years, the use of a pedicled buccal fat pad (BFP) in closure of large oroantral defects has been become popular. In our patient, the OAC resulted from the surgical removal of OKC was closed with BFP.

Disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR), which is common among the temporomandibular disorders (TMD’s) may be diffi cult to deal with by the clinician.

Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be defined as a disorder of the intracapsular components of the joint, which is originated by displacement of the disc from its normal functional relationship with the condyle of the mandible and the temporal bones articular fossa.The most common symptoms of temporomandibular joint internal derangement vary from simple joint sounds to locking and pain.The aim of this case series is to evaluate the effects of Gow-Gates anaesthesia technique, which blocks the auriculotemporal nerve, in combination with an intracapsular local anaesthetic injection, on patient comfort during artrocenthesis.24 patients had arthrocentesis due to temporomandibular disorder complaints.We suggest that further studies might give more information about the patient comfort during artrocenthesis.Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) the most common form of temporomandibular disorders.It affects patient's daily life with pain, dysfunction, joint sounds, and even aural symptoms.Key words: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Abscess of the infratemporal fossa is a rare complication which can be difficult to diagnose. It occurs mostly due to dental infection, tooth extraction, fractures and/or infections involving the maxillary sinus. This condition can be life threatening if not dealt with immediately. The maxillofacial surgeon must be aware of the symptoms and clinical findings of the infection of the infratemporal fossa in order to initiate the treatment as soon as possible. In this case report, a patient with an infratemporal fossa infection presenting with an unusual symptom of inferior alveolar nerve involvement is presented.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distance between the roots of the impacted third molars and the floor of the mouth to predict the risk of lingual root displacement during surgery.Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients (5 men and 26 women) were evaluated for this study using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The teeth were grouped according to their position on the orthopantomogram as vertical, mesioangular, horizontal, and distoangular. The distance between 2 points on the roots and lingual soft tissues was measured.Results: The average distance between the apex of the root, which is in the most lingual position, and the lingual cortical plate was 1.03 mm. The average distance between the most lingual point on the apical half of the root, which is in closer proximity, and the lingual cortical plate was 0.65 mm.Conclusion: The distance between the apices and the lingual plate is very short, which allows displacement of broken roots or teeth, especially when the lingual plate is perforated. (C) 2015 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

PURPOSE:Hemostatic agents may be used topically to control hemorrhage, especially in patients with bleeding disorders. The agent used may have a negative effect on the tissue prolonging the healing time. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different hemostatic agents on fibroblast cells on a rat primary fibroblast cell culture model.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABD) (Ankaferd Pharmaceuticals Cosmetics Production and Marketing Co.), fibrin glue, and tranexamic acid were the agents to be evaluated for their effects on cell proliferation, cell numbers, cell viability, and cell morphology. Also lactate dehydrogenase, basic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor C levels were measured.RESULTS:It was found that all of the agents used in the study have negative effects on fibroblasts, with ABD having the lowest values of cell proliferation, cell number, and cell viability.CONCLUSION:The results of this study indicate that ABD, fibrin glue, and tranexamic acid may negatively affect tissue healing.

Temporomandibular joint disorders affect a big portion of the population. There are a variety of treatment methods currently in use. Conservative treatment modalities are followed by more invasive approaches like arthrocentesis or arthroscopy. The aim of the study is to compare the effects of intra-articular tenoxicam injection and arthrocentesis plus viscosupplementation on patients in which a previous arthrocentesis plus viscosupplementation has failed to relieve pain and restore function. The study group consists of 18 TMJs in 16 patients (15 female and 1 male) and the patients were randomly divided into two groups as the arthrocentesis plus viscosupplementation group (n: 8) and tenoxicam injection (n: 10). 20 mg of tenoxicam was injected to the upper compartments of 10 joints without arthrocentesis. The other 8 joints were treated with a second arthrocentesis and sodium hyaluronate injection. VAS scores and maximum mouth opening with and without assistance were recorded in the post operative first week, first month and third month. The results show that there is little benefit in using relatively conservative methods once an arthrocentesis together with viscosupplementation has failed to relieve the patients pain. It is concluded that more invasive procedures should be considered for the patients who do not benefit from arthrocentesis.